高聚物水基微乳液的研究进展

阐述了高聚物水基微乳液的定义，乳化原理和高聚物乳化的途径。对近十几年来高聚物水基微乳液研究的状况，影响微乳液的因素，乳化机理及应用前景进行了综述。     

W／O型微乳液活化能和导电机理研究

电导行为是微乳液的重要性质之一。自Lagourette和Lagues发现了W/O型微乳液电导渗透(Percolation)现象后,人们开始了微乳液导电机理的研究。较流行的观点认为,界面层中表面活性剂分子的阴离子在微乳颗粒碰撞时发生跃迁而使W/O型微乳液具有导电性。     

微乳液反应法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯超细粒子

水/油微乳液;微乳液反应法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯超细粒子     

蒽在SDS/BA/H2O体系中的光谱特征

用紫外-可见吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱研究了蒽在不同组成和结构的十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)/苯甲醇(BA)/H20微乳液中的光谱特征,探讨了微乳液组成和结构对蒽光谱特征的影响,阐述了蒽在微乳液中的定位。结果表明,蒽位于O/W微乳液的膜相和油核;在SDS/BA/H2O W/O微乳液中,蒽定位于油连续相。     

纳米微粒的微乳液制备法

Ｗ／Ｏ微乳液制备纳米微粒是一新兴的研究领域。本文系统地介绍了乳浮液制备法的基本原理、微乳液“水池”中纳米微粒的鉴定方法、目前该领域的研究进展，并提出了适用于制备纳米微粒的微乳液体系的选择标准及该领域研究工作的展望。     

结构化乳液的理论、制备与应用Ⅰ.连续相结构化乳液

对乳液的结构化研究近来的进展进行了综述,涉及到普通乳液、微乳液和纳米乳液的结构、制备、性能及应用.其中,对连续相结构化乳液的叙述包含了溶致型液晶作为乳液连续相、热致型液晶作为乳液连续相以及凝胶连续相乳液三个方面,而在对其应用方面的介绍中,提及了嵌段共聚物作为连续相的实例和制备单分散乳液的一些技术.本文对微乳液和纳米乳液的介绍则主要分为结构、特征、形成机理、制备方法、应用、聚合工艺及机理等方面.     

结构化乳液的理论、制备与应用Ⅱ.结构化微乳液

对乳液的结构化研究近来的进展进行了综述,涉及到普通乳液、微乳液和纳米乳液的结构、制备、性能及应用.其中,对连续相结构化乳液的叙述包含了溶致型液晶作为乳液连续相、热致型液晶作为乳液连续相以及凝胶连续相乳液三个方面,而在对其应用方面的介绍中,提及了嵌段共聚物作为连续相的实例和制备单分散乳液的一些技术.本文对微乳液和纳米乳液的介绍则主要分为结构、特征、形成机理、制备方法、应用、聚合工艺及机理等方面.     

硅丙微乳液共聚物胶膜的热性能

硅丙微乳液共聚物胶膜的热性能;硅氧烷; 丙烯酸酯; 微乳液热分析     

结构化乳液的理论、制备与应用Ⅲ.结构化纳米乳液

对乳液的结构化研究近来的进展进行了综述,涉及到普通乳液、微乳液和纳米乳液的结构、制备、性能及应用。其中,对连续相结构化乳液的叙述包含了溶致型液晶作为乳液连续相、热致型液晶作为乳液连续相以及凝胶连续相乳液三个方面,而在对其应用方面的介绍中,提及了嵌段共聚物作为连续相的实例和制备单分散乳液的一些技术。本文对微乳液和纳米乳液的介绍则主要分为结构、特征、形成机理、制备方法、应用、聚合工艺及机理等方面。     

氰戊菊酯微乳液相行为及其结构转变

氰戊菊酯微乳液相行为及其结构转变;相行为; 微乳液; 电导率; 氰戊菊酯     

磺化聚苯醚离聚体微乳化过程相反转的研究

以乙酰磺酸为磺化剂制备了磺化度为 3%～ 1 7%mol的磺化聚苯醚 (SPPO)并中和成盐 ,在一定的温度和搅拌速度下 ,加水将SPPO乳化成水包油的稳定水基微乳液。用乳化过程中的体系的电导率、粘度和表面张力的变化表征了乳化相反转过程。另外还研究了溶剂的极性和离子含量对SPPO溶液可乳化性和乳化过程的影响     

Effect of heating and stretching membrane on ionic conductivity of sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide)

With chlorosulfonic acid as sulfonating agent, sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) was prepared by homogeneous method and SPPO membranes were cast from its solutions in dimethylacetamide. The obtained membrane of SPPO was heat-treated and stretched with different forces by thermal mechanical analyzer under its glass transition temperature. In addition, the effects of stretching and heating on ion conductivity of SPPO were investigated by using Solatron phase analyzer. It was shown that the mechanical stretching of SPPO has great effect on electric properties of SPPO under proper heating treatment, and the highest conductivities achieved were increased about 10 times that of the original membranes and reached 0.0983 S cm⁻¹. The X-ray diffraction indicated that the molecular chains of SPPO were arranged more regularly under constraint during the heat treatment, and the scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the morphologies of the film surfaces possessed more co-continuous regions and the hydrophilic ionic sulfonic acid groups orientated at stretching direction and connected more regularly, which facilitated the exchange and transfer of hydrated proton among these hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups.     

离聚体水基微乳液化的研究──聚苯醚离聚体微乳化过程的相反转

以乙酰磺酸为磺化剂制备了磺化度为３～１７ｍｏｌ％的磺化聚苯醚（ＳＰＰＯ）并中和成盐,在一定的温度和搅拌速度下,加水将ＳＰＰＯ乳化成水包油的稳定水基微乳液．用乳化过程中的体系的电导率、粘度和表面张力的变化表征了乳化相反转过程．另外还研究了溶剂的极性和离子含量对ＳＰＰＯ溶液可乳化性和乳化过程的影响．     

磺化聚苯醚的制备与表征

磺化聚苯醚的制备与表征汪传清，黄玉惠，丛广民（中国科学院广州化学研究所广州５１０６５０）关键词聚苯醚，磺化，磺化度，磺化聚苯醚聚苯醚是一种优良的工程塑料，对它进行修饰改性以获得各种功能材料的研究近十多年来十分活跃’‘，’，‘’．磺化聚苯醚（ＳＰＰＯ）...     

Partially Sulfonated Polystyrene and Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) Blend Membranes for Fuel Cells

Summary: Based on Flory–Huggins parameters (χ), the miscibility and the effect of morphological change on proton conductivity and methanol permeability of partially sulfonated polystyrene (SPS) and partially sulfonated poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (SPPO), having an identical ion exchange capacity, were investigated. When 50 wt.‐% of SPPO was blended, both the proton conductivity and methanol permeability had the highest values, which resulted from the change of amorphous domains and the hydrogen bonding between the two ionomers.

The proton conductivities, water uptake and methanol permeability for the SPPO/SPS blend membranes studied here. The membranes with 50 wt.‐% SPPO clearly showed the greatest increase in these properties.     

Effect of sulfonic group on solubility parameters and solubility behavior of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide)

An investigation on the effect of sulfonic group on solubility parameters and solubility behavior of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) is presented. Sulfonated PPO (SPPO) was prepared using chlorosulfonic acid as a sulfonating agent. The structure of SPPO was confirmed by FT‐IR, and the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of SPPO was accurately determined by conductometric titration and ¹H‐NMR. The three‐dimensional solubility parameters of SPPO defined by Hansen were estimated by group contribution, and this approach was used to obtain the three coordinates of a solubility parameter in terms of: a dispersion part δ_d, a polar part δ_p and a hydrogen bonding part δ_h. The theoretical predications of solubility behavior were characterized using “soluble sphere” in three‐dimensional space. The estimated results were in accordance with the solubility experiments in different solvents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

溶剂极性对聚苯醚离聚体微乳液相反转影响的研究

以乙酰磺酸为磺化剂制备了磺化度为 3%～ 1 7% (摩尔比 )的磺化聚苯醚 (SPPO)。在一定的温度和搅拌速度下 ,加水将SPPO离聚体溶液乳化成水包油的稳定水基微乳液。用电导率、粘度、表面张力等表征了SPPO离聚体溶液在微乳化过程中的相反转 ,研究了溶剂的极性对SPPO微乳化过程相反转的影响。     

Sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) membranes as promising materials for new proton exchange membranes

Poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) was sulfonated to different ion exchange capacities (IECs) using chlorosulfonic acid as the sulfonating agent. Tough, ductile films were successfully cast from sulfonated PPO (SPPO) solutions in N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone or N,N‐dimethylformamide. The obtained membranes had good thermal stability revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Compared with an unsulfonated PPO membrane, the hydrophilicity and water uptake of the SPPO membranes were enhanced, as shown by reduced contact angles with water. The tensile test indicated that the SPPO membranes with IEC ranging from 0.77 to 2.63 meq/g were tough and strong at ambient conditions and still maintained adequate mechanical strength after immersion in water at room temperature for 24 hr. The results of wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) showed amorphous structures for PPO and SPPO while the peak intensity decreased after sulfonation. The proton conductivity of these SPPO membranes was measured as 1.16 × 10^?2 S/cm at ambient temperature, which is comparable to that of Nafion 112 at similar conditions and in the range needed for high‐performance fuel cell proton exchange membranes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development and characterization of homogeneous membranes de from high molecular weight sulfonated polyphenylene oxide

The high molecular weight polyphenylene oxide (PPO) was sulfonated to different ion exchange capacity (IEC) values using chlorosulfonic acid. The physico-chemical properties along with the gas transport properties of the membranes prepared from sulfonated PPO (SPPO) were evaluated. Sulfonation of PPO results in a linear increase of density with the IEC value while the average d-spacing in polymer remains constant. Sulfonic groups attached to the aromatic ring in the PPO backbone are not thermally stable. On the other hand, when tested with CO₂ at room temperature, the SPPO membranes maintained a constant permeability over the period of 60 days. An increase in IEC value of SPPO results in an increase in O₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ ideal selectivities and a decrease in O₂ and CO₂ permeabilities. The combination of permeability and ideal selectivity for both gas pairs places the SPPO membranes below the respective upper-bound lines for polymeric membranes. However, an increase in the IEC value brings the permeability versus ideal selectivity relationship closer to the upper-bound line, especially for the O₂/N₂ gas pair.     

离聚物共混体系在溶液中分子间缔合的粘度研究

研究了磺化聚苯乙烯离聚体／聚（苯乙烯 ４ 乙烯吡啶）共混体系、磺化聚苯醚离聚体／聚（苯乙烯 ４ 乙烯吡啶）共混体系和磺化聚苯醚离聚体／胺化聚苯醚共混体系在氯仿／甲醇混合溶剂中的粘度行为，结果表明，和它们分别对应的不含离子基的共混物相比，这三个共混体系都表现出较高的比浓粘度．这是由于体系中的酸基及其盐和含氮碱基的引入，在共混组分间产生了强烈的离子相互作用，从而导致分子间的缔合，使比浓粘度提高．并讨论了溶剂体系、功能基种类及共混组分的主链结构等因素对这种分子间缔合作用的影响．