铈修饰的硼铝酸铜催化邻乙基苯胺脱氢环化制备吲哚的催化性能

硼铝酸铜催化剂(CuAB)在吲哚制备过程中存在易积碳和还原的缺点,通过添加铈助剂来改善该催化剂的抗还原性能.通过BET、XRD、H2-TPR、XPS表征表明,铈助剂的添加对催化剂的主体晶相没有改变,但显著增强了复合氧化物的抗还原能力,降低了催化剂的失活速度.采用2%Ce修饰量、空速为0.75 h-1、水油比(摩尔比)为6∶1的条件下,较未添加助剂改性的催化剂转化率提高11.81%,选择性提高6.47%.     

碱土金属改性V/K-γ-Al2O3催化剂环己烷氧化脱氢性能的研究

以γ-Al2O3为载体,采用浸渍法制备了以V和K为主活性组分、碱土元素为助剂的催化剂M-3%V-6%K/γ-Al2O3(M=Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba),考察了该催化剂在环己烷氧化脱氢制环己烯反应中的催化活性,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N2吸附(BET)、氢-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)、氨-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)方法对催化剂进行了理化表征.H2-TPR和NH3-TPD的表征结果显示碱土助剂的添加会影响催化剂的氧化还原能力和酸性;XPS表征结果表明碱土金属的添加影响了催化剂上钒物种和氧物种的组成,其中添加助剂Ca和Ba后,催化剂上钒钾物种的相对浓度升高,且催化剂表面晶格氧物种的含量增加.活性评价结果表明经碱土助剂Ca和Ba修饰后的3%V-6%K/γ-Al2O3催化剂均具有较好的催化性能,在425℃反应时环己烯的选择性均达56%以上;催化剂也表现出较好的催化稳定性和再生性能.     

原位液相催化加氢法合成N-乙基苯胺和N，N-二乙基苯胺

以硝基苯为原料,Pt/γ-Al2O3为催化剂,乙醇水溶液为溶剂和氢供体,采用原位液相加氢一步法合成了N-乙基苯胺和N,N-二乙基苯胺.采用低温N2吸附-脱附、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱、X射线衍射、程序升温化学吸附和透射电子显微镜等对Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了表征,并考察了所制备催化剂的原位液相加氢性能.结果表明,在温度为503K、压力为5.0MPa、空速为3.2h-1、溶剂水含量为30%以及硝基苯浓度为8%的反应条件下,在Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂上原位液相加氢合成N-乙基苯胺及N,N-二乙基苯胺有较好的结果,硝基苯转化率达到100%,N-乙基苯胺和N,N-二乙基苯胺的总收率达到99.5%.讨论了硝基苯原位液相加氢合成N-乙基苯胺和N,N-二乙基苯胺的反应机理.     

Ni基催化剂在邻甲酚原位加氢反应中的催化性能

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列负载型Ni基催化剂,利用XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD 等技术表征了催化剂的理化特性,考察了载体（CMK-3、SiO2ZrO2、MgO、Al2O3）、助剂（Cu、Ce、Fe）对Ni基催化剂理化特性的影响,测试了230 oC、0.1 MPa冷压下催化剂对邻甲酚原位加氢反应的性能．结果表明,在负载型镍基催化剂作用下,甲醇水相重整制氢反应可以与邻甲酚的原位加氢反应相耦合;以CMK-3为载体的催化剂活性明显优于其他三种载体,邻甲酚的转化率为45.35%;助剂的添加对催化剂性能影响显著,Fe 的引入使原位加氢体系的转化率降至40.49%,助剂Ce、Cu的加入提高了Ni/CMK-3催化剂的原位加氢反应性能,转化率分别提高至64.6%、66.8%,Cu的添加改变了产物的分布,在产物中出现了新产物甲苯;同时探讨原位加氢反应路径及反应机理．     

Cr-Cu/SiO2 催化剂上顺酐和1,4-丁二醇的耦合反应

研究了Cr-Cu/SiO2催化剂上顺酐加氢反应和1,4-丁二醇脱氢反应耦合制备重要的精细化学品γ-丁内酯.耦合反应显著提高了顺酐转化率和γ-丁内酯选择性.Cr修饰提高了催化剂的脱氢活性,抑止了催化剂的过度加氢活性,使1,4-丁二醇的转化率和γ-丁内酯选择性显著提高.Cr修饰量为w=5%的Cr-Cu/SiO2催化剂上耦合反应的原料转化率为100%,γ-丁内酯选择性达98.8%.XRD,XPS等研究表明,Cr修饰促进了催化剂上铜元素的分散,氧化铬对氧化铜有给电子作用,Cr修饰的Cr-Cu/SiO2催化剂还原后比Cu/SiO2具有更多的Cu ,这有利于催化剂脱氢活性和γ-丁内酯选择性的提高.     

Ru-Fe/C催化剂上邻氯硝基苯原位液相加氢性能

采用浸渍法制备Ru/C催化剂,并用于原位液相催化邻氯硝基苯(o-CNB)加氢合成邻氯苯胺(o-CAN)反应中.考察了浸渍顺序、助剂、还原温度、载体和助剂含量等因素对催化剂稳定性的影响.采用透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶红外光谱和N2吸附-脱附等手段表征催化剂.结果表明,以15%Fe为助剂,活性炭为载体,制备得到的0.5%Ru-Fe/C催化剂经过523K氢气还原后o-CNB的转化率为99.7%,o-CAN的选择性达到98.7%,反应140h未出现明显失活.催化剂表面吸附CO导致中毒是失活的主要原因,同时对催化剂再生方法进行了探究.     

助剂的引入对多组分V-Cs-Cu-Tl催化剂反应性能的影响

在钒基催化剂上考察了助剂铯、铜、铊的引入对制取对叔丁基甲醛的反应性能的影响,并用扫描电镜、ICP等技术对其进行了表征。实验结果表明添加剂铯后,目的产物对叔丁基苯甲醛的选择性提高,而对叔丁基甲苯的转化率影响不大;添加铜后对反应活性和选择性提高都有利;添加铊后的催化剂反应性能更优于添加其它助剂,获得了转化率大于12mol%、选择性大于80mol%的好结果,该催化剂稳定运转365小时后催化性能保持不变,是一种很有工业应用前景的催化剂。     

无水AlCl3催化合成N-乙基-N-氰乙基苯胺的研究

本文报道了用无水A lC l3作催化剂,催化N-乙基苯胺与丙烯腈反应合成N-乙基-N-氰乙基苯胺的新工艺,优化得到其合适的反应条件是:加入N-乙基苯胺重量的10%的无水A lC l3,在80℃左右反应6-8小时,可使反应的转化率达98.5%,收率达97%以上。     

乙烷脱氢与逆水煤气变换耦合制乙烯反应--助剂对Fe/SiO2催化剂活性的影响

研究了乙烷脱氢与逆水煤气变换耦合制乙烯反应中助剂对Fe/SiO2催化剂活性的影响。结果表明，添加氧化物助剂有利于反应，Fe-Mn／K^ -SiO2催化剂显示较高的活性和选择性，在740℃时，乙烷转化率和乙烯选择性分别为37．3％和98．6％。二氧化碳的作用是消除积炭以及与氢反应以提高乙烷的脱氢反应转化率。XPs表明催化剂表面存在 3价铁和 4价锰物种。     

助剂对合成邻苯基苯酚Pt／γ-Al2O3催化剂性能的影响

以K2SO4、K2CO3、KOH和KH2PO4为助剂对用于环己酮二聚(Dimer)脱氢合成邻苯基苯酚(OPP)的0.5%Pt/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行改性,考察了4种钾盐对生成OPP的收率和稳定性的影响.试验结果表明以K2SO4作助剂的催化剂合成OPP收率最高,可达93.7%.XRD表征结果表明Pt粒子高度分散,钾盐未与γ-Al2O3形成新的晶相.以NH3-TPD和CO2-TPD对催化剂表面酸碱性的测定表明:在催化剂上K含量相同的情况下,以K2SO4作助剂的催化剂表面酸量最低,表面碱量最高.在连续240h的运转过程中,以K2SO4作助剂的催化剂的活性稳定,OPP平均收率可达92%.以K2SO4作助剂的催化剂的高OPP选择性和稳定性主要与其较低的表面酸量有关.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.