水分子和二氧化铈(111)表面相互作用的DFT+U研究

采用引入Hubbard参数U修正的密度泛函理论(DFT+U)方法, 对水分子在二氧化铈(111)表面的吸附作用进行了研究. 计算结果表明: 在氧化的二氧化铈(111)表面, 水分子以单氢键构型吸附在二氧化铈表面, 但是不能自发解离; 在还原的二氧化铈(111)表面, 水分子或化学吸附在衬底上, 或自发解离成表面羟基结构. 与氢气在氧化的二氧化铈(111)表面上物理吸附体系的总能相比, 羟基化表面构型是能量更低的构型, 所以羟基解离形成氢气, 从而使表面被氧化的过程需要有外部条件, 反应不能自发进行. 因此, 水分子在还原的二氧化铈(111)表面有两个可能的状态, 即无氢键结构的化学吸附和表面羟基结构的解离吸附. 在一定的外部条件下, 表面羟基结构进一步解离形成氢气, 并使还原的二氧化铈(111)表面得以氧化.     

羰基硼化合物(BCO)n(n==1～12)的理论研究

运用HF/3-21G方法和密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP/6-31G*方法, 对羰基硼化合物(BCO)n(n=1~12)的各种可能结构进行了优化, 对在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上得到的几何构型、电子态、结合能、振动频率、核独立化学位移(NICS)、能量二次差分和热力学性质进行了理论研究, 得到了(BCO)n(n=1~12)结构的稳定性信息. 十二种基态结构都是端配位(μ1-CO), (BCO)n(n=1~3, 5, 6) 的基态是线型或平面结构, (BCO)n(n=4, 7~12)的基态是笼状结构; B—C平均键能呈现奇偶交替现象, 偶数的结构比奇数稳定; 能量二次差分得到同样的结论；羰基的振动频率与实验值非常吻合; 热力学性质的研究对实验具有重要的指导意义.     

含BF配体的锇羰基化合物Os(BF)(CO)_n(n=4,3)和Os_2(BF)_2(CO)_n(n=7,6,5,4)稳定性的理论研究

采用MPW1PW91和BP86 2种密度泛函方法对中性单核锇羰基化合物Os(BF)(CO)n(n=4,3)及双核锇羰基化合物Os2(BF)2(CO)n(n=7,6,5,4)进行理论计算研究,优化得到22个低能异构体.研究发现,单核配位饱和Os(BF)(CO)4的能量最低的异构体对称性为C2v,其BF基团在三角双锥赤道面上.该异构体失去1个赤道面上的CO可得到Os(BF)(CO)3的能量最低异构体.单核Os(BF)(CO)n(n=4,3)的能量最低异构体的BF基团都位于配体三角双锥及缺顶点结构的赤道面上.配位饱和双核Os2(BF)2(CO)7有4个能量接近的异构体,其中能量最低的异构体结构中含有2个呈蝶形的桥配位BF基团.配位不饱和的Os2(BF)2(CO)6的2个能量接近的异构体结构相似,2个桥配位BF基团与2个Os原子构成平行四边形结构单元.配位不饱和的Os2(BF)2(CO)5和Os2(BF)2(CO)4的能量最低异构体都含有由2个桥配位BF基团与2个Os原子构成的平行四边形结构单元.双核Os2(BF)2(CO)n(n=7,6,5,4)能量最低异构体的BF基团都以桥配位形式和Os原子相连.离解能研究表明,单核配位饱和的Os(BF)(CO)4具有一定的热力学稳定性.双核的Os2(BF)2(CO)n(n=7,6)失去1个CO或者分裂为单核的Os(BF)(CO)4或Os(BF)(CO)3所需能量较高,表明其具有一定的热力学稳定性.     

CnAl (n=2-11)团簇的结构特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-311++G**水平上对CnAl(n=2-11)团簇的几何构型和电子结构进行了结构优化和振动频率计算. 结果表明, n=2的CnAl团簇基态结构为Al原子与两个C原子相连形成的环状结构, n=3-11均为Al原子端基配位的线状结构. 通过对基态结构的能量分析, 得到了n为偶数的CnAl团簇比n为奇数团族稳定的结论.     

簇合物(F2GaN3)n(n=1～4)的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP/6-311+G*方法,计算研究了(F2GaN3)n(n=1～4)簇合物的结构和性质.研究表明,簇合物(F2GaN3)n(n=2～4)的优化构型均拥有Ga-Na-Ga连接的环状结构.讨论了几何参数随聚合度的变化关系.三聚体的船式构象较椅式构象的能量低16 kJ·mol-1,具有S4对称性的四聚...     

CnAl2 (n=1-10)团簇的结构特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-311G*水平上对CnAl2 (n=1-10)团簇的几何构型和电子结构进行了结构优化和振动频率计算. 结果表明, 富铝的CAl2团簇基态结构为折线型面状结构, 多碳和双聚体的CnAl2团簇基态结构均为Al原子端基配位的线状结构. 通过对基态结构的能量分析, 得到了n为偶数的CnAl2团簇比n为奇数稳定的结论.     

以第一原理研究二氧化钛纳米粒子热动力学性质(英文)

利用第一原理分子动力学研究了二氧化钛纳米粒子(TiO2)n(n=1～6)的热动力性质.使用分子动力学(molecular dynamics)和火焰算法(FIRE algorithm)获得二氧化钛纳米粒子的最低能量结构,再利用密度泛函理论(density functional theory)进一步计算得到更精确的最低能量结构.研究得到二氧化钛纳米粒子的几何和结构的热力学效应.     

CeO_2/Pt(111)反向催化剂结构和活性的密度泛函理论研究（英文）

铈基材料因其独特的Ce~(4+)/Ce~(3+)转化性质而广泛运用于非均相催化反应中.尽管在实验和理论上对纯净二氧化铈表面的物理和/或化学性质进行了深入研究,但是与二氧化铈有关的界面结构和反应性能引起了人们的极大兴趣.其中,已有报道表明,氧化铈/金属反向催化剂相较于氧化铈、金属或者金属/氧化铈负载材料能明显提高CO催化氧化和水汽转化等反应活性.然而多数前期研究并没有从理论上给出合理解释,同时也并未说明反向催化剂中氧化铈结构(层数)和性质的关系.可以预见,因受到金属基板的影响,二氧化铈表面的物化性质,如氧空位形成能、电子分布、催化活性等必然会发生变化.本文通过库伦作用校正的密度泛函理论(DFT+U)计算,系统地研究了不同厚度的Ce O_2/Pt(111)反向催化剂几何结构和电子性质,催化CO氧化的性能.本文首先在Pt(111)载体上明确了单层Ce O_2(111)的最佳结构,然后研究随着二氧化铈厚度增加,各复合结构界面热力学稳定性、几何结构和电荷性质的变化.计算结果表明:首先,单层Ce O_2/Pt(111)比双层和三层Ce O_2/Pt(111)复合结构在界面处表现出更强的相互作用,并且其强度与界面结合结构密切相关,如界面O–Pt键的数量及其长度等;其次,氧化铈板层和Pt基板之间的接触会显著影响界面处一个氧化铈层和两个金属层内的电子分布,使氧化铈外暴露表面的氧空位形成能降低～0.3 e V,而界面氧空位形成能则显著降低1.3?1.8 e V,并且当表面上沉积≥2个氧化铈层时,氧化铈/铂复合材料的物理性能会趋向收敛;最后,通过计算单层Ce O_2/Pt(111),单层Ce O_2和模拟体相结构的三层Ce O_2(111)表面上的CO氧化过程,结果表明三者均遵循Mvk机理,并且关键步骤OC…O_s偶联的反应能垒分别是0.45,0.33和0.61 e V,表明三者的活性趋势为ML Ce O_2ML Ce O_2/Pt(111)TL Ce O_2(111).综合考虑到单层Ce O_2/Pt(111)界面处适度的二氧化铈-铂相互作用,一方面可以极大提高复合材料热力学稳定性,另一方面还成功保留了单层二氧化铈的优异催化活性,因此单层Ce O_2/Pt(111)复合材料从理论上认为是一种优异的CO氧化催化剂.     

InnNa和InnNa+(n=2-8)的团簇结构和电子性质

在密度泛函理论B3LYP水平上, 对InnNa和InnNa+(n=2-8)团簇进行了结构优化和振动频率计算. 计算结果表明, InnNa(n=2、3、4、6)最稳定结构中的对称性分别为C2v、C3v、C4v和C2v, 而InnNa(n=5、7、8)的最稳定结构的对称性为C1点群. 从InnNa(n=4-8)的最稳定结构可以看出, Na原子均位于四个In原子形成的四边形面上. 对于InnNa+(n=2-8), 除了In2Na+、In4Na+和In7Na+, 其它结构都与其中性结构相似. 进一步计算InnNa(n=2-8)团簇的平均结合能、能量的二阶差分以及绝热电离能表明, InnNa(n=2-8)团簇能量的二阶差分呈现奇偶交替特征, In4Na和In6Na较其它团簇更为稳定, 而且理论计算得到的绝热电离能和实验结果吻合得很好.     

呋喃分子链式加聚物(C4H4O)n(n = 1～8)的密度泛函理论研究

采用B3LYP/6-31G方法对呋喃分子链式加聚物(C4H4O)n(n=1~8)体系进行了全优化,在进行结构优化的同时得到链式加聚物的总能量(ET)、零点能(ZPE)、热容(opC)和熵(oS)。通过对体系的能量分析,确定得到的结构是体系的稳定构型;分析了ZPE、opC和oS与n的关系,并在能量的基础上得到呋喃分子以不同方式聚合成链式加聚物时的生成焓,并由此确定链式加聚物系列的聚合过程和相对稳定性。     

Theoretical study of Al(n) and Al(n)O (n = 2-10) clusters

The stable structures, energies, and electronic properties of neutral, cationic, and anionic clusters of Al(n) (n = 2-10) are studied systematically at the B3LYP/6-311G(2d) level. We find that our optimized structures of Al5(+), Al9(+), Al9(-), Al10, Al10(+), and Al10(-) clusters are more stable than the corresponding ones proposed in previous literature reports. For the studied neutral aluminum clusters, our results show that the stability has an odd/even alternation phenomenon. We also find that the Al3, Al7, Al7(+), and Al7(-) structures are more stable than their neighbors according to their binding energies. For Al7(+) with a special stability, the nucleus-independent chemical shifts and resonance energies are calculated to evaluate its aromaticity. In addition, we present results on hardness, ionization potential, and electron detachment energy. On the basis of the stable structures of the neutral Al(n) (n = 2-10) clusters, the Al(n)O (n = 2-10) clusters are further investigated at the B3LYP/6-311G(2d), and the lowest-energy structures are searched. The structures show that oxygen tends to either be absorbed at the surface of the aluminum clusters or be inserted between Al atoms to form an Al(n-1)OAl motif, of which the Al(n-1) part retains the stable structure of pure aluminum clusters.     

Competition between supercluster and stuffed cage structures in medium-sized Ge(n) (n=30-39) clusters

We have performed an unbiased global search for the geometries of low-lying Ge(n) clusters in the size range of 30相似文献   

Investigation of Size-Selective Zr(2)@Si(n) (n = 16-24) Caged Clusters

The size-selective Zr(2)Si(n) (n = 16-24) caged clusters have been investigated by density functional approach in detail. Their geometries, relative stabilities, electronic properties and ionization potentials have been discussed. The dominant structures of bimetallic Zr(2) doped silicon caged clusters gradually transform to Zr(2) totally encapsulated structures with increase of the clustered size from 16 to 24, which is good agreement with the recent experimental result (J. Phys. Chem. A. 2007, 111, 42). Two novel isomers, i.e., naphthalene-like and dodecahedral Zr(2)Si(20) clusters, are found as low-lying conformers. Furthermore, the novel quasi-1D naphthalene-like Zr(n)Si(m) nanotubes are first reported. The second-order energy differences reveal that magic numbers of the different sized neutral Zr(2)Si(n) clusters appear at n = 18, 20 and 22, which are attributed to the fullerene-like, dodecahedral and polyhedral structures, respectively. The HOMO-LUMO gaps (>1 eV) of all the size-selective Zr(2)Si(n) clusters suggest that encapsulation of the bimetallic zirconium atoms is favorable for increasing the stabilities of silicon cages.     

Density functional calculation of the structure and electronic properties of Cu(n)O(n) (n = 1-8) clusters

Ab initio simulations and calculations were used to study the structures and stabilities of copper oxide clusters, Cu(n)O(n) (n = 1-8). The lowest energy structures of neutral and charged copper oxide clusters were determined using primarily the B3LYP/LANL2DZ model chemistry. For n ≥ 4, the clusters are nonplanar. Selected electronic properties including atomization energies, ionization energies, electron affinities, and Bader charges were calculated and examined as a function of n.     

Structure and stability of oxygen adsorption on Si(n) (n = 5-10) clusters

The structures, binding energies, and electronic properties of one oxygen atom (O) and two oxygen atoms (2O) adsorption on silicon clusters Si(n) with n ranging from 5 to 10 are studied systematically by ab initio calculations. Twelve stable structures are obtained, two of which are in agreement with those reported in previous literature and the others are new structures that have not been proposed before. Further investigations on the fragmentations of Si(n)O and Si(n)O2 (n = 5-10) clusters indicate that the pathways Si(n)O --> Si(n-1) + SiO and Si(n)O2 --> Si(n-2) + Si2O2 are most favorable from thermodynamic viewpoint. Among the studied silicon oxide clusters, Si8O, Si9O, Si5O2 and Si8O2 correspond to large adsorption energies of silicon clusters with respect to O or 2O, while Si8O, with the smallest dissociation energy, has a tendency to separate into Si7 + SiO. Using the recently developed quasi-atomic minimal-basis-orbital method, we have also calculated the unsaturated valences of the neutral Si(n) clusters. Our calculation results show that the Si atoms which have the largest unsaturated valences are more attractive to O atom. Placing O atom right around the Si atoms with the largest unsaturated valences usually leads to stable structures of the silicon oxide clusters.     

(BN)n(n≤12)团簇的结构及成键性质

利用遗传算法和Gastreich提出的经验势函数研究了(BN)_n(n≤12)团簇的可能稳定结构, 并对能量较低的异构体在HF/6-31G(d)水平进行优化, 得到了(BN)_n(n≤12)团簇的线状、蒲扇形、单环、双环、三环和笼状结构, 讨论了各种结构的特征及相对稳定性. 分析了BN团簇中原子的成键性质, 在单环结构中, N原子以sp2杂化成键, B原子以sp杂化成键, 而在节点处B原子以sp2杂化成键. (BN)6是唯一没有张力的单环结构.     

Experimental and computational study of the Zn(n)S(n) and Zn(n)S(n)+ clusters

Zinc sulfide clusters produced by direct laser ablation and analyzed in a time-of-flight mass-spectrometer, showed evidence that clusters composed of 3, 6, and 13 monomer units were ultrastable. The geometry and energies of neutral and positively charged Zn(n)S(n) clusters, up to n = 16, were obtained computationally at the B3LYP/6-311+G level of theory with the assistance of an algorithm to generate all possible structures having predefined constraints. Small neutral and positive clusters were found to have planar geometries, neutral three-dimensional clusters have the geometry of closed-cage polyhedra, and cationic three-dimensional clusters have structures with a pair of two-coordinated atoms. Physical properties of the clusters as a function of size are reported. The relative stability of the positive stoichiometric clusters provides a thermodynamic rationale for the experimental results.     

Binding properties of Cu(+/2+)-(glycyl)n glycine complexes (n = 1-3)

The structure, relative energies, and binding energies of the complexes formed by the interaction of Cu+ (d10,1S) and Cu2+ (d9,2D) cations with the (glycyl)n glycine (n = 1-3) oligomers have been theoretically determined by means of density functional methods. The most stable structures of the Cu+ systems present linear dicoordination geometries, in agreement with a recent X-ray absorption spectroscopic study of Cu(I) interacting with model dipeptides. This is attributed to an efficient reduction of metal-ligand repulsion through sd sigma hybridization in dicoordinated linear structures. In contrast, for Cu2+ systems the lowest energy structures are tricoordinated (n = 1), tetracoordinated (n = 2), and pentacoordinated (n = 3). For both copper cations, binding energy values show that the interaction energies increase when the peptide chain is elongated. Differences on the coordination properties of the ligands are discussed according to their length as well as to the electronic configuration of the metal cations, which are compared to the Cu+/2+-glycine systems.     

Structures and energetics of Be(n)Si(n) and Be(2n)Si(n) (n = 1-4) clusters

The structures and energies of Be(n)Si(n) and Be(2n)Si(n) (n = 1-4) clusters have been examined in ab initio theoretical electronic structure calculations. Cluster geometries have been established in B3LYP/6-31G(2df) calculations and accurate relative energies determined by the G3XMP2 method. The two atoms readily bond to each other and to other atoms of their own kind. The result is a great variety of low-energy clusters in a variety of structural types.