MEMS微型燃料电池*

随着微能源技术的迅速发展和市场需求的不断增大,基于微机电系统（microelectromechanical systems,MEMS）技术的微型燃料电池由于其巨大应用前景逐渐得到社会的更多关注。本文详细介绍了国外微型燃料电池的应用概况,简要论述了将MEMS技术应用于微型燃料电池制作的可行性以及MEMS微型燃料电池的类型特点,并结合关键组件极板和膜电极,系统地总结了近几年来MEMS微型燃料电池的研究进展和成果,最后分析了目前存在的问题和发展趋势以及我国大力发展MEMS微型燃料电池的迫切需求。     

微型锂离子电池及关键材料的研究

当前的微型低能耗电子设备以及微机电系统(MEMS)器件大都使用传统的体积较大的外接电源供能,这就限制了这些微型器件的发展和应用.通过设计集成微型电源并将其与这些微器件一体化,可构筑自主微器件系统.本文主要综述了本课题组开展的与微电子技术兼容的全固态微型锂离子电池的研究,包括LiCoO2正极薄膜材料、固态电解质-电极Li...     

微型机电系统在物化分析中的应用

介绍了微型机电系统（ＭＥＭＳ）的基本概念，发展简史和主要特点。详细讨论了ＭＥＭＳ在化学分析中的应用，指出ＭＥＭＳ技术使化学分析仪器微小型化、性能提高，同时还降低了仪器和实验的成本。最后简要介绍了微小型化学分析仪器的支撑技术。     

新世纪第一次μ-TAS 国际会议

μ-TAS 国内有多种译法,其实质是将分析方法中所用的泵、阀、反应室、相分离器、检测器、控制器预以微型化,并采用微电子工业的加工技术予以一体化,故宜称"微型一体化分析".这是当前分析化学的热点之一,新世纪第一次会议于2000年5月15日至16日在荷兰Twente市召开,由Twente大学主办.内容涉及:(1) 流体体系,(2)细胞分析,(3)微型技术和微型反应室,(4)微流体学,(5)分离系统,(6)单分子和单细胞分析,(7)脱氧核糖酸分析,(8)高产率筛选实验,(9)新观点和其他应用.     

硅材料在微型燃料电池中的应用*

微型燃料电池被认为可作为便携式电子设备的下一代电源而越来越受到关注。传统的石墨、金属等材料用于微型燃料电池时产生了不少问题,如石墨材料微加工性能差,金属易腐蚀、密度较大等不利于应用于便携式设备。硅材料因为其低的气体透过率、高的导热系数和适于微加工等特性在微型质子交换膜燃料电池中得到了越来越多地应用。本文对硅材料在微型燃料电池的气体扩散层、质子交换膜构造中的应用以及硅材料作为基底制作微型燃料电池技术的进展进行了综述,并对硅材料在微型燃料电池领域应用的技术特点及前景做了分析与讨论。     

微型集成化色谱仪

用微制造技术和色谱原理结合，以全新的概念和设计思维研制色谱仪一微型集成化色谱仪。这种仪器的整个色谱部分在基片上制成。集微型进样器，细内径毛细管柱和微型固体检测器于一体，功耗不过几瓦，重不过几百克，而分析速度比现有仪器提高近一个数量级，检测灵敏度可达１０＾－６Ｖ／Ｖ。这种仪器的制作过程类似半导体器件，能大批量，性能高度重复可靠、而成本极为低廉地制造出来，彻底改变传统色谱仪器的生产方式。本文给出这种仪     

自卷曲技术在微型储能器件上的应用

微型能源存储器件在可穿戴电子产品、微型自驱动探测器等领域有重要的应用前景,同时为研究储能器件电极结构、电子/离子传导率以及电化学动力学之间的内在联系提供了理想的平台。自卷曲技术是利用材料内部存在的残余应力而实现二维薄膜材料自行弯曲的一种方法。相比于传统微纳制备工艺,这种方法可以在微米尺度下将二维薄膜电极材料有序卷曲排列,为微型储能器件的制备提供了有效、便捷的途径。本文介绍了近些年自卷曲技术在微型能源存储器件上的重要进展,其中包括材料自卷曲的原理、自卷曲电极及其储能性质,并以此为基础,着重阐述了自卷曲技术制备单根管微型锂离子电池和电容阵列的应用实例。总结并展望了自卷曲技术在微型储能器件应用上的未来挑战和重要机遇。     

以金属有机框架材料HKUST-1为固定相的微型气相色谱柱

气相色谱柱微型化有利于气相色谱系统的小型化,然而对微型气相色谱柱而言,轻烃的分离是一个挑战。本研究基于微机电系统（MEMS）技术制备了微型气相色谱柱,在室温下合成了一种金属有机框架材料HKUST-1,采用动态涂敷法将HKUST-1涂敷到微型气相色谱柱中作为固定相。对以HKUST-1为固定相的微型气相色谱柱进行分离测试,结果表明,此微型气相色谱柱可以完全分离轻烃混合物（甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和正丁烷）,其中难以分离的甲烷和乙烷的分离度达到9.2。     

微型全分析系统中的电化学检测方法

结合微型全分析系统（μ-TAS)的需要和特点,根据电化学检测的原理和应用特点,阐述了含电化学检测器的微芯片系统的设计与制作,综述了微型全分析系统中安培法、电导法、电位法的应用和研究的最新进展,并分析了电化学检测做芯片的发展趋势。     

Micro-DPIV技术在微型无阀泵瞬变流场检测中的应用

微型泵作为微流动系统的动力源,是微流动系统发展水平的重要标志.其中微型无阀泵以其结构简单、加工成本低而备受关注,同时该微泵可以进行生物大分子类流体的输送,因此在生化检测和药物控释等领域具有较强的集成应用价值^[1].     

基于离散流的微全分析系统

针对基于连续流的微全分析系统的弊端,详细研究了几种基于离散流的微分分析系统的原理及结构。     

聚合酶链式反应微流控芯片的准分子激光制备和应用研究

摘要采用价格便宜的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)代替价格昂贵的硅或玻璃作为聚合酶链式反应(PCR)微流控芯片的基片材料,采用柔性大且自动化程度高的准分子激光微加工方法代替加工工艺复杂的光刻化学腐蚀方法,在19 kV和18 mm/min的优化加工参数下,在48 mm×67 mm×1 mm的PMMA基片上制备出20个循环的PCR微流控芯片. 芯片微通道横截面呈梯形,底面光滑. 微通道宽104 μm,深56 μm,长2 060 mm,加工耗时约110 min. 该芯片和相同尺寸的盖片在160 N和105 ℃条件下通过热压经20 min键合在一起,键合强度为0.85 MPa. 键合后的芯片和温控系统集成在一起,采用比例积分微分(PID)方法得到的控温精度为±0.2 ℃,采用红外热像仪得到的相邻温区间的温度梯度分别为16.5和22.2 ℃,最后利用该芯片在对170 bp的DNA片段实现了体外扩增.     

Greener analytical method for the determination of copper(II) in wastewater by micro flow system with optical sensor

Greener analytical method using micro flow system for the determination of Cu(II) in wastewater samples was designed and investigated. The micro flow system consisted of a planar glass chip with poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) top plate and fixed with fiber optic probe as optical sensor for monitoring of Cu(II) that reacted with 2-carboxy-2′-hydroxy-5′-sulfoformazyl benzene (zincon) on the chip at 605 nm. This design gave a satisfied sensitivity with a linear calibration graph over the range of 0.1-3.0 μg mL⁻¹ of Cu(II) and correlation coefficient 0.9991. The percentage relative standard deviation was 2.5 for 10-replicate measurements and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.1 μg mL⁻¹. This system has been successfully applied to the determination of Cu(II) in wastewaters from electroplating industry with less reagents and samples consumption and diminutive waste generation.     

Myoglobin Detection: Utilizing Functional Magnetic Hybrid and Silica Micro Particles and Simple Molding Based Micro Channel Fabrication

A magnetic separator attached in a zig zag flow channel assembly has been fabricated to detect myoglobin on the micro particles. An anti‐myoglobin conjugated magnetic hybrid and myoglobin conjugated silica micro particles were prepared and used for myoglobin detection on channel. For the detections, the competitive assay principle was followed based on affinity interaction of anti‐myoglobin‐myoglobin. The caliberation curve was plotted based on the deposit percentage of myoglobin conjugated silica micro particles. The calibration curve of the myoglobin showed the linear range between 1 × 10^?8 ‐ 5 × 10^?11 (M) (R² = 0.9944). The minimum detectable concentration was 300 pg/mL. Hence all that concludes that, the application of zig zag flow channel with magnetic separator has offered new, simple and rapid approach for detecting myoglobin in whole blood samples with in 30 min.     

Fluorometric detection with a packed flow cell in micro high-performance liquid chromatography

Summary A packed flow cell was used for fluorometric detection in micro high-performance liquid chromatography. The flow cell consisted of fused-silica tubing packed with the same material as the separation column. A focusing effect of the stationary phase on the signal intensity was observed, leading to an improvement of the mass detection limit, as achieved by on-column detection.     

A simple and green analytical method for determination of iron based on micro flow analysis

A simple, inexpensive and reagent-less colorimetric micro flow analysis (μFA) system was implemented in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) micro fluidic manifold. A T-shaped micro channel on a PMMA chip was fabricated by laser ablation and topped with molded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The fabricated μFA system was integrated with the optical components as detector and applied to the determination of iron in water samples. It is based on the measurement of Fe(III)-nitroso-R salt complex at 720 nm formed by the reaction between Fe(III) and nitroso-R salt in an acetate buffer solution pH 5. The proposed μFA consumed very small amount of reagent and sample, it released waste of less than 2.0 mL h⁻¹. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) was less than 2% (n = 11) with the recovery of 98.7 ± 0.12 (n = 5). The linear range for the determination of iron in water samples was over the range of 0.05-4.0 μg mL⁻¹ with a correlation coefficient (r²) of 0.9994. The limit of detection (3σ) and limit of quantitation (10σ) were 0.021 μg mL⁻¹ and 0.081 μg mL⁻¹, respectively with a sample throughput of 40 h⁻¹.     

Micro flow sensor on a chip for the determination of terbutaline in human serum based on chemiluminescence and a molecularly imprinted polymer

Based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) as the recognition element, a novel chemiluminescence (CL) micro flow sensor on a chip for the determination of terbutaline in human serum is described. The MIP was prepared by using terbutaline as the template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as the functional monomer, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the cross-linking monomer, and acetonitrile as the solvent. The chip was fabricated from two 50 mm × 40 mm × 5 mm transparent poly (methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) slices. The microchannels on the chip etched by CO₂ laser were 200 μm wide and 150 μm deep. The microsensor cell filled with 2 mg MIP for selectively on line adsorbing terbutaline was 10 mm long, 1 mm wide, and 0.5 mm deep. All reagents were controlled by the syringe pump with an accurate timer. The on line adsorbed terbutaline by the MIP can enhance the CL intensity of the reaction of luminol with ferricyanide. The enhanced CL intensity is linear with terbutaline concentration from 8.0 to 100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 4.0 ng/mL (3σ). The micro flow sensor provides for good reproducibility with the relative standard deviation of 3.6% (n = 7) for 20 ng/mL terbutaline.     

Micro high performance liquid chromatography of aliphatic amines by means of resonance raman detection

A micro high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a resonance Raman detection system is described. For highly sensitive Raman detection, aliphatic amines were derivatized with dabsyl chloride (4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4′-sulfonyl chloride). The derivatives were separated on an ODS micro column (0.5 mm i.d. × 145 mm PTFE tube). Chromatograms were obtained by measuring the intensity of Raman scattering at 1136 cm^?1 with the 488.0 nm line of an Arion laser. The lower detection limit was 1.5 ng and the RSD of relative peak height (n = 9) was 5.9% at 11 ng of methylamine derivative. Moreover, by stopping the flow of the micro HPLC system at the retention time of the individual derivatives, it was possible to measure their resonance Raman spectra.     

SU-8 flow field plates for a micro PEMFC

A SU-8 photoresist microfabrication process was developed for micro proton exchange membrane fuel cell flow structures for both anode and cathode flow field plates with a cross section of 5 cm² (22.5 mm×22.5 mm) and thickness (for a single cell) of about 750 µm. The new design for flow field plates would have SU-8 used as not only a photoresist but also as a microstructure material. A thickness of 30 nm Pt sputter loading deposited onto a Nafion 117 for membrane electrode assembly was made, with both scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy characterization. Air flows were completed in hydrogen fuel cells with air breathing and forced air flows of low input pressure as well as low velocity. Performance tests of polarization curves and power density distribution as well as impendence measurements were conducted and discussed to examine the effects of orientation of the cathode surface with five hydrogen feeding rates as well as different airflow feeding modes.