对称桥头二取代金刚烷衍生物的合成

以易得的1-金刚烷甲酸为原料, 合成了一系列对称桥头二取代金刚烷衍生物. 由1-金刚烷甲酸经Koch-Haaf羰基化反应得到1,3-金刚烷二甲酸(1); 化合物1经还原得到1,3-金刚烷二甲醇(2); 化合物2在HBr-ZnBr₂体系中经溴代反应得1,3-二(溴甲基)金刚烷(3); 同时经Apple-Lee反应将化合物2转化得到1,3-二(氯甲基)金刚烷(4). 采用红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱等手段表征了产物的结构, 提出了可能的反应机理, 并对合成条件进行了优化.     

3-羟基-1-金刚烷甲基酮的合成

改进了沙格列汀中间体3-羟基-1-金刚烷甲基酮（1）的合成路线。以金刚烷甲酸（2）为起始原料,经二氯亚砜酰氯化后与N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺（NCS)反应制得3-氯-1-金刚烷甲酰氯（3）; 3依次经取代,脱羧和与碱反应合成1,其结构经¹H NMR, IR和MS(ESI)确证。采用星点设计-效应面法对1合成条件进行了优化。结果表明:在最佳反应条件[2 28 mmol, n(NCS)/n(2)/n(AIBN)=1/0.83/0.65,于65 ℃反应8 h]下,1收率70%。     

3-羟基-1-金刚烷甲基乙烯基醚的合成

以3-羟基-1-金刚烷甲醇和乙炔为原料,庚烷为溶剂,叔丁醇钾为催化剂,氧化锌为助催化剂,于140℃/1.0 MPa反应3.0 h合成了3-羟基-1-金刚烷甲基乙烯基醚,收率85%,纯度≥99.5%,其结构经IR确证。     

7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸的合成

以7-苯乙酰氨基-3-氯甲基头孢烷酸对甲氧基苄酯为原料经Wittig反应、水解、酶解三步反应合成重要的药物中间体——7-氨基-3-乙烯基头孢烷酸,总收率71.2%。其结构经1H NMR和IR表征。     

巴氟替尼中间体( R)-3-二甲氨基吡咯烷的合成

(R)-3二甲氨基吡咯烷是合成药物巴氟替尼的关键手性中间体。本文以L-苹果酸为起始原料,经过环化、还原、过磺酰化、脱保护等反应合成了(R)-3-二甲氨基吡咯烷,总收率31.45%,其结构经¹ H NMR, ¹³C NMR和IR确证。并对关键中间体的合成条件进行了优化。     

金刚烷负载高价碘试剂的合成及氧化反应活性

以1,3,5,7-四氨基金刚烷与4-碘苯基酰氯为原料,经酰化、氧化反应,制备了新型金刚烷负载的高价碘试剂(1a-1c)。 酰化反应以CH₂Cl₂为溶剂,首先,0 ℃,反应4 h,然后室温反应2 h,投料比n(1,3,5,7-四氨基金刚烷)∶n(4-碘苯基酰氯)∶n(三乙胺)=1∶4.4∶5.2。 氧化反应以CH₂Cl₂/醋酸(体积比1∶1)为溶剂,间氯过氧苯甲酸(m-CPBA)为氧化剂,室温反应12 h,投料比n(2)∶n(m-CPBA)=1∶12。 化合物1a,1b和1c的总收率分别为86.4%、85.4%和85.3%。 以化合物1a-1c为氧化剂,在四甲基哌啶氮氧化物(TEMPO)催化下各类醇被氧化成相应的醛或酮,产物收率87%~100%。 负载碘苯2a-2c可以被方便地分离和回收,平均回收率98%,可再经氧化,高收率转化成化合物1a-1c,循环利用。     

N-叔丁氧羰基-3-羟基-1-金刚烷基甘氨酸的合成

以金刚烷甲酸(1)为起始原料,经过酰化,取代,脱羧三步反应一锅法制得金刚烷甲基酮(2),然后氧化甲基得到1-金刚烷基乙醛酸(3),将3与盐酸羟氨反应得到1-金刚烷乙醛酸肟(4),还原4并用BOC酸酐保护氨基得到N-叔丁氧羰基-1-金刚烷基甘氨酸(5),最后经高锰酸钾氧化得到DPP-IV抑制剂沙格列汀中间体N-叔丁氧羰基-3-羟基-1-金刚烷基甘氨酸(6),总收率28%。     

盐酸金刚乙胺的合成

盐酸金刚乙胺(1)是一种抗病毒和镇静药物,主要用于预防和治疗Ａ型流感病毒感染[1]。文献[2,3]以溴代金刚烷(3)为原料,在浓硫酸存在下与乙炔气体反应,然后水解得到中间体1 金刚烷甲基酮(7),且产物需经过柱分离,总收率40%。本文参考文献[4,5],按如下路线合成了标题化合物。1　实验部分1.1　主要仪器和试剂ＩＲ(60ＳＸＲ ＦＴＩＲ);1Ｈ ＮＭＲ(ＦＸ 90Ｑ);ＭＳ(ＭＡＴ 2000)。熔点用毛细管法测定,温度计未经校正。金刚烷(工业品)98%;浓硫酸(工业品)98 4%;其它试剂为化学纯。1.2　合成1 溴代金刚烷(3)　在烧瓶中,依次加入2(320ｇ,2.35ｍｏｌ…     

2-氨基-5-氟噻唑盐酸盐的合成

以2-氨基噻唑为原料,经Boc保护、溴代、氟代和脱保护成盐反应合成了制备葡萄糖激酶激活剂的重要中间体--2-氨基-5-氟噻唑盐酸盐,总收率55%,其结构经1H NMR表征.     

4-(4-吗啉)哌啶盐酸盐的合成

4-甲酸乙酯哌啶与溴苄反应,再经酰胺化和氨化反应制得关键中间体4-氨基-1-苄基哌啶(5);5与2,2-二溴二乙醚经环化反应制得N-苄基-4-(4-吗啉)哌啶,再经成盐,加氢合成了4-(4-吗啉)哌啶盐酸盐(1,总收率24.9%),1的结构经1HNMR,IR和GC-MS确认。     

Syntheses of 9-Triptycylisothiocyanate, (10-Amino-9-triptycyl)carboxylic Acid,and Their Derivatives

In the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), 9-triptycylisothiocyanate has been synthesized in 91% yield from carbon disulfide and sterically hindered 9-triptycylamine at room temperature. 9-Triptycylisothiocyanate can be further converted to 1-benzyl-3-(9-triptycyl)thiourea. (10-Amino-9-triptycyl)carboxylic acid has also been successfully synthesized via a three-step route starting from methyl 10-nitroanthracene-9-carboylate. Its amino and carboxylic groups can undergo acetylation and amidation, respectively.     

Alkane activation by homogeneous palladium complexes

The conversion of adamantane exclusively to 1-adamantyl trifluoroacetate in a refluxing trifluoroacetic acid solution of palladium acetate at 1 atm of air or nitrogen was confirmed. The conversion can be made quantitative. The 1-adamantyl trifluoroacetate was hydrolysed to yield 1-adamantanol in 90% isolated yield. The adamantane functionalization is accompanied by concomitant formation of a palladium mirror.     

A short synthesis of 4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid (GABOB) via allyl cyanide

4-Amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid was synthesized from allyl cyanide in four steps in an overall yield of 38%. Ultrasonically promoted epoxidation of allyl cyanide with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid giving oxiranylacetonitrile was used as a key step.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of 4-amino-3-fluorophenylboronic acid

4-Amino-3-fluorophenyl boronic acid has been synthesized from 4-bromo-2-fluoroaniline by protecting the amine group and then carrying out a lithium-bromine exchange, followed by addition of trimethyl borate and then acidic hydrolysis. We obtained a 47% yield. We also measured the X-ray crystal structure. This derivative has a relatively low boronic acid pK_a value of 7.8 when acetylated or attached to acrylamide hydrogels. It also contains a pendant amine which facilitates attachment to polymers, for example. We are using this compound to construct glucose sensing materials that operates at the physiological pH of bodily fluids.     

The oxidation of adamantane with an iron salen complex modelling ω-hydroxylase

An interesting regioselectivity (high secondary selectivity) was observed in the oxidation of adamantane in the presence of (FeSalen) ₂O, 2-mercapto-ethanol, pyridine, and oxygen, giving 1-adamantanol (67 % based on the catalyst used), 2-adamantanol (162 %) and 2-adamantanone (51 %) for a typical example. The yield of each product was dependent on the reaction conditions especially on the mercaptan concentration. This high secondary selectivity (product ratio, 3.2 : 1) and the predominant formation of 2-adamantanol is unique and quite different from those (ca 1 : 1 mostly adamantanone/1-adamantanol) of autoxidation. This is the first successful ω-hydroxylase model.     

Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of (R)- and (S)-4-Amino-3-Methylbutanoic Acids

(R)- and (S)-4-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acids were synthesized in high yields via initial enantioselective hydrolysis of dimethyl 3-methylglutarate to methyl (R)-3-methylglutarate with pig liver esterase. The ester group was converted to an amine to give (R)-4-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid; the carboxylic acid was converted to an amine to give (S)-4-amino-3-methylbutanoic acid.     

3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱和3,3’-二硝基-4,4’-偶氮呋咱的合成研究

3-氨基-4-硝基呋咱(ANF)及其衍生物是一类重要的含能材料. ANF的制备首先以乙二醛、盐酸羟胺和氢氧化钠为原料, 经过两步反应制得3,4-二氨基呋咱(DAF), 采用新的氧化体系过氧化氢/甲烷磺酸/钨酸钠混合物(H2O2/CH3SO3H/ Na2WO4)代替原氧化体系过氧化氢/硫酸/过硫酸铵混合物[H2O2/H2SO4/(NH4)2S2O8]氧化DAF以67%的产率获得了ANF. 然后在单电子氧化体系高锰酸钾/盐酸混合物作用下ANF发生氧化反应以54.7%的产率得到3,3’-二硝基- 4,4’-偶氮呋咱(DNAzF). 研究表明过氧化氢/甲烷磺酸/钨酸钠混合物是制备氨基硝基单/多呋咱非常有效的氧化体系.     

1-氨基-7-甲氧基-β-咔啉及其1-烷氧羰基氨基衍生物的合成和 初步抗肿瘤活性研究

以1-甲氧羰基-7-甲氧基-β-咔啉为原料经肼解、重氮化反应得1-叠氮酰基-7-甲氧基-β-咔啉(6), 再经Curtius重排、碱解反应得1-氨基-7-甲氧基-β-咔啉(2). 化合物6的Curtius重排产物与各种醇反应得1-烷氧羰基氨基-7-甲氧基-β-咔啉(3). 所得到的10个化合物结构经1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS和元素分析确证. 采用MTT法对合成的化合物进行了体外抗肿瘤活性测定, 结果表明, 在10－5 mol/L浓度下目标化合物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性, 其中化合物3e, 3g和3h对HepG2和SGC-7901抑制率均高于阳性对照物骆驼蓬碱(1).     

A theoretical study of reactivity and regioselectivity in the hydroxylation of adamantane by ferrate(VI)

The conversion of adamantane to adamantanols mediated by ferrate (FeO(4)(2)(-)), monoprotonated ferrate (HFeO(4)(-)), and diprotonated ferrate (H(2)FeO(4)) is discussed with the hybrid B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) method. Diprotonated ferrate is the best mediator for the activation of the C-H bonds of adamantane via two reaction pathways, in which 1-adamantanol is formed by the abstraction of a tertiary hydrogen atom (3 degrees ) and 2-adamantanol by the abstraction of a secondary hydrogen atom (2 degrees ). Each reaction pathway is initiated by a C-H bond cleavage via an H-atom abstraction that leads to a radical intermediate, followed by a C-O bond formation via an oxygen rebound step to lead to an adamantanol complex. The activation energies for the C-H cleavage step are 6.9 kcal/mol in the 1-adamantanol pathway and 8.4 kcal/mol in the 2-adamantanol pathway, respectively, at the B3LYP/6-311++G level of theory, whereas those of the second reaction step corresponding to the rebound step are relatively small. Thus, the rate-determining step in the two pathways is the C-H bond dissociation step, which is relevant to the regioselectivity for adamantane hydroxylation. The relative rate constant (3 degrees )/(2 degrees ) for the competing H-atom abstraction reactions is calculated to be 9.30 at 75 degrees C, which is fully consistent with an experimental value of 10.1.