城市污水处理过程中有机污染物三维荧光特性的变化规律

采用三维荧光光谱法研究了城市污水处理过程中溶解性有机物的三维荧光特性变化规律。研究结果表明,生活污水中荧光类溶解性有机物主要以类蛋白有机物、UV腐殖质和可见腐殖质为主;污水生物处理前后特征荧光峰中心位置和强度均发生明显的改变,表明污水中有机物的相对组成和含量随生物处理过程而变化。三维特征荧光参数可以反映污水处理过程中污染物的种类、性质和含量变化等丰富信息。其测定迅速简便、灵敏度高,可用于污水处理效果的定性分析、定量评价,易于实现污水处理过程的实时在线监测,指导污水处理工艺的设计、运行、管理和控制。     

平行因子分析在赤潮藻滤液三维荧光光谱特征提取中的应用

在实验室条件下培养我国沿海常见的10种赤潮藻,测定了赤潮藻生长过程中藻滤液的三维荧光光谱.用平行因子分析对光谱进行分解,获得每种赤潮藻滤液荧光峰的个数及类型,即每种赤潮藻的特征光谱.在此基础上比较每种藻特征光谱的相似性和差异性,并分析了赤潮藻生长过程中滤液的荧光峰强度和生长阶段的关系,为基于赤潮藻滤液三维荧光光谱的赤潮藻种类识别测定技术提供依据.结果表明:不同赤潮藻的特征光谱之间存在差异.在指数生长期,类蛋白和类腐殖质荧光峰强度与藻密度呈正相关,说明两类有机物在水体中不断积累;在稳定期和衰亡期,两类有机物的荧光强度迅速增大,这可能是衰老和死亡细胞的破碎释放,以及细菌降解作用所致.平行因子分析可以有效提取赤潮藻的荧光特征,考察了赤潮藻荧光峰强度和生长阶段的关系.     

昌黎原产地干红葡萄酒的三维荧光光谱特征研究

应用三维荧光光谱技术,研究了昌黎原产地不同品种和年份葡萄酒的三维荧光光谱特征.研究表明,2005年不同葡萄品种酒样的三维荧光特征峰的数目、位置和强度差异显著,可以区分各个品种酒样;而不同酿造年份的赤霞珠酒样均在λex/λem为A:260/365 nm、B:290/370 nm以及C:325/420 nm附近出现荧光特征峰,三维荧光特征峰出现位置一定,但荧光强度差异显著,可以用于区分各个酒样.因此三维荧光光谱技术能提供葡萄酒的指纹特征,据此可鉴别昌黎原产地不同品种和年份的葡萄酒.     

树叶为模版制备网状TiO2和Fex/TiO2及光催化活性研究

以梧桐树叶为模板制备了具有网状结构的TiO2和Fex/TiO2光催化材料.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、荧光发射光谱(PL)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等对这两类光催化材料的结构和物理性能进行了表征.结果表明,以树叶为模板制得的Fe0.005/TiO2呈网状结构.在600～800℃范围内,随煅烧温度的升高,网状TiO2和Fe0.005/TiO2中锐钛型TiO2的含量减少,Fe3+的掺杂能促进锐钛型向金红石型的转变.与Degussa P25相比,网状TiO2和Fex/TiO2的荧光光谱强度明显减弱,光生电子-空穴对的复合情况得到改善;吸收光谱范围明显红移,禁带宽度有不同程度的缩小.孔雀石绿的光催化降解实验表明,网状TiO2和Fex/TiO2具有比Degussa P25更强的催化活性.光催化活性的稳定性研究表明,网状Fe0.005/TiO2具有良好的稳定性,能多次重复使用.     

三维荧光光谱结合物理和数学分离研究溶解性有机质组成

采用分子排阻色谱和激发/多波段发射荧光检测器,结合三维荧光光谱和平行因子分析,研究了新、老填埋垃圾渗滤液中溶解性有机质( DOM)的组成。实验结果表明,两种渗滤液来源的DOM均含有类蛋白和类腐殖质物质。在新填埋垃圾渗滤液中,类蛋白物质有4种存在形态,包括大分子蛋白质形态、高/低分子量腐殖质结合态和多肽/氨基酸形态;在老填埋垃圾渗滤液DOM中,类蛋白物质只有两种形态,分别为大分子蛋白质形态和腐殖质结合态。相比于分子排阻色谱,三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析能够分辨出腐殖质和非腐殖质结合态的类蛋白物质,但不能有效区分蛋白质和以多肽/氨基酸形态存在的类蛋白物质。结果表明,三维荧光光谱结合平行因子分析和分子排阻色谱,可以表征DOM中不同形态分布的类蛋白和类腐殖质物质。     

牛蒡苷与牛蒡苷元的荧光性质及中药牛蒡子中牛蒡苷的荧光法测定

牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元的三维荧光图谱中均呈现2个荧光峰,激发波长λex分别为230 nm和280 nm,发射波长(λem)均为310 nm。牛蒡苷的荧光远强于牛蒡苷元的荧光。溶液酸度对牛蒡苷和牛蒡苷元的荧光强度有明显影响。在pH13.0时,牛蒡苷的荧光增强,而牛蒡苷元的荧光猝灭。牛蒡子药材的三维荧光图谱和薄层荧光色谱表明,牛蒡子的荧光成分主要为牛蒡苷,而牛蒡苷元及其他共存组分在强碱性条件下对牛蒡苷的荧光无影响。据此,以甲醇为溶剂制备牛蒡子样品提取液,用水适当稀释并调节至pH 13.0,在λex/λem=280 nm/310 nm波长下测定牛蒡苷的含量。在0.014 5~2.03 mg·L-1范围内,荧光强度与牛蒡苷浓度间呈良好线性,其线性方程为IF=2.7+148.7ρ(mg·L-1),相关系数(r)为0.999。用本法测得牛蒡子对照药材中牛蒡苷的含量为6.01%,平均加标回收率为98.1%。用薄层荧光扫描法对本方法进行验证,结果表明,本法结果可靠,可用于牛蒡子药材的质量检验。     

不同分子尺寸溶解性有机物的光解行为研究

研究了三个分子量区间(0.45μm~100kDa,100~5kDa和5kDa)的溶解性有机物(DOM)在不同光源辐照下的光解行为。溶解有机碳(DOC)和UV254的测试结果表明,光解可以有效地减少所有分子量区间的DOM总量,而且UVC光源的存在可以进一步促进DOM的降解。三维荧光光谱测定结合平行因子分析,识别出3个腐殖质类荧光组分(C1:UVA+UVC,C2:UVA+UVB,C3:UVC)。在光解过程中,较大分子腐殖质类(5kDa)的荧光强度相对较稳定,甚至增强;而小分子腐殖质类(5kDa)的荧光组分C1和C2具有显著的光解行为,UVC的存在可以促进两种荧光组分的光解。所有分子量区间的C3组分都发生了光生成现象。     

海藻酸钠-纳米金复合物荧光猝灭法测定纺织品中的铬(Ⅵ)

生态纺织品中铬(Ⅵ)含量有严格的限制.本实验利用海藻酸钠一步法成功合成了纳米金溶胶,并对其荧光特性进行了研究.结果表明,海藻酸钠-纳米金复合物(AuNPs-SA)在激发波长λex=330 nm处表现出最强荧光特性,在该激发波长下,最大发射波长λem=415 nm.铬(Ⅵ)对海藻酸钠-纳米金复合物的荧光有猝灭效应,纳米金荧光强度随铬(Ⅵ)浓度的增加而减弱,利用其荧光猝灭特性建立了铬(Ⅵ)定量分析方法.调节AuNPs-SA溶液至pH 7.0,加入Cr(Ⅵ),反应40 min后,测定荧光强度变化.铬(Ⅵ)浓度在1.0×10-8～9.0×10-8 moL/L范围内与F/F0有较好的线性关系(R=0.9919),方法的检出限(S/N=3)为5.0×10-9 mol/L.本方法用于纺织品中苎麻与涤纶的痕量铬(Ⅵ)的检测,所得结果与国家标准方法(GB/T 17593.3-2006)没有显著性差异.     

茶多酚的三维荧光光谱特征

应用三维荧光光谱技术,研究了茶多酚溶液的三维荧光光谱特征,以及不同浓度、pH值、缓冲液、有机溶剂等因素对可见光区荧光的影响。研究表明:茶多酚溶液的三维光谱可分为三区(以激发波长/发射波长λex/λem表示):Ⅰ区:210 nm/315 nm、270 nm/315 nm;Ⅱ区:335 nm/395 nm;Ⅲ区:490 nm/515 nm。随浓度增大,茶多酚荧光的激发、发射波长逐渐红移。茶多酚浓度3 mg/mL,溶液pH 7.55条件下可灵敏检测Ⅲ区可见光区荧光;常用缓冲溶液对Ⅲ区荧光均有不同程度的增敏效果;质子化溶剂有利于Ⅲ区的荧光发射。据此可为茶多酚的快速、无损分析检测及应用开发提供新的思路。     

镓(Ⅲ)与变色酸荧光反应及其应用研究

在pH＝4.4的乙酸-乙酸钠缓冲体系中,镓(Ⅲ)与变色酸反应生成新的荧光物质,在λex/λem＝242/370 nm,测得荧光强度增量△F与镓(Ⅲ)的含量在0～10 μg/25mL范围内服从比耳定律.探讨了荧光增强的条件.该方法用于样品分析的线性方程为:△F＝26.80c(μg/25mL)+0.011,相关系数r＝0.9991.测定煤样和煤矸石中镓含量分别为6.29 mg/kg和10.97 mg/kg,加标回收率在96.8%～103.5%之间,相对标准偏差＜5.0%(n=4),与分光光度法相比,结果满意.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.