原位复合法制备层状结构的壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石纳米材料

用原位复合法制备了高性能的壳聚糖/羟基磷灰石(CS/HA)纳米复合材料.用预先沉积的壳聚糖膜将含有羟基磷灰石前驱体的壳聚糖溶液与凝固液隔离,同时控制壳聚糖沉积与羟基磷灰石前驱体转化为羟基磷灰石的过程,使其缓慢且有序地进行.当pH值改变时,质子化的壳聚糖分子链在负电层诱导下有序沉积并形成层状结构与羟基磷灰石原位生成CS/HA,并实现二者分子级复合.XRD和TEM测试证实原位生成的磷酸盐是羟基磷灰石,且其颗粒长约为100nm,宽30～50nm.SEM结果表明,用原位复合法制备的材料具有层状结构,CS/HA(质量比100/5)纳米复合材料弯曲强度高达86MPa,比松质骨的高3～4倍,相当于密质骨的1/2,有望用于可承重部位的组织修复材料.     

高介电性能石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料研究进展

石墨烯作为一种新型二维平面纳米材料,表现出许多优异的物理性质.将石墨烯与聚合物复合,利用其独特的结构及物理性质,有望开发一类具有卓越介电性能的纳米复合电介质材料.本文总结了高介电石墨烯/聚合物纳米复合材料这一研究方向的最新进展,重点介绍了石墨烯提高聚合物基体介电性能的基本理论、石墨烯/聚合物界面对复合电介质性能的影响等,并简要展望了这类材料的发展前景.     

金＠壳聚糖复合材料的合成、表征及其葡萄糖选择氧化性能

采用硼氢化钠化学还原氯金酸的碱性溶液制备了纳米金溶胶, 利用紫外-可见吸收光谱研究了金与壳聚糖的相互作用. 结果表明, 壳聚糖能够捕获金纳米粒子并易于形成金@壳聚糖复合材料. 利用X-光粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、透射电镜(TEM)、红外光谱(IR)、微分热重及差热分析(DTG-DTA)等对这种复合材料进行了表征, 发现该材料具有较小的金纳米粒子, 壳聚糖的存在改变了金纳米粒子的等离子共振吸收, 二者之间存在一定的键合作用. 以分子氧为氧化剂, 在温和条件下, 该材料对葡萄糖选择氧化制葡萄糖酸反应具有良好的催化性能.     

壳聚糖/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的结构与性能研究

以壳聚糖和蒙脱土为原料,将插层复合技术引入天然高分子材料进行改性,制备了壳聚糖/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.红外光谱和X射线衍射分析结果表明,壳聚糖分子已插入蒙脱土层间,形成了插层甚至部分剥离的结构.热重分析、扫描电镜和物理性能测试表明,蒙脱土的引入,大幅度地降低了壳聚糖的热分解速率,明显地提高了壳聚糖的热稳定性和力学性能,有效地抑制了壳聚糖的溶胀.     

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料是一种具有生物和光电双重功能的复合材料。本文在对碳纳米管和壳聚糖各种性质进行简单介绍的基础上,重点综述了碳纳米管与壳聚糖复合材料的各种复合方法、机理、主要应用以及存在的主要问题。     

壳聚糖基层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料

壳聚糖基层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料是采用简单的溶液插层法,将壳聚糖及其衍生物插层进入层状硅酸盐的纳米层间而获得的有机无机纳米杂化材料。该材料偶合了壳聚糖及其衍生物和层状硅酸盐的协同优势,为壳聚糖的研发应用开辟了新方向和新途径。本文在对壳聚糖和层状硅酸盐的特性及应用进行简单介绍的基础上,重点综述了壳聚糖基层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备方法、插层机理及应用现状,并提出了目前存在的主要问题。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/石墨薄片纳米复合及其导电性能研究

在聚合物绝缘材料基体中添加入足够数量的导电填料 ,聚合物便具有导电性或半导体性能 .石墨材料 ,由于资源丰富、价廉、性质稳定 ,被广泛用作导电聚合物复合材料的填料 .一般 ,填料含量越高 ,复合材料的导电性能越好 ,但是材料的力学性能也随之劣化 ,特别是材料脆性增加 .将石墨加工成纳米级粒子 ,再与聚合物纳米复合 ,有望用较少的石墨填充量使复合材料具有良好的电传导性能 ,从而保持材料的力学性能 .最近报道的利用膨胀石墨与聚合物实现纳米复合的研究引起了人们的兴趣 ,如所报道的尼龙 6 膨胀石墨[1] 、PS PMMA 膨胀石墨[2 ] 、PP …     

荧光纳米晶制备及其与聚合物的复合组装

纳米尺寸无机晶体(纳米晶)具有特殊的光、电和磁等性能, 但这类材料通常以胶体溶液或固体粉末的状态存在, 稳定性和分散性较差. 实现这类材料的应用, 需要将其与一些惰性介质复合, 从而提高稳定性和加工性. 聚合物材料作为一种有机惰性介质, 具有良好的材料兼容性和可加工性, 是稳定纳米晶材料的首选介质. 此外, 很多聚合物材料本身也具备特殊的性能, 可以对纳米晶性能进行有益的补充和调节. 因此, 功能纳米晶材料与聚合物复合, 将成为开启材料性能宝库的钥匙. 我们研究组结合自己的相关研究, 系统总结了荧光纳米晶材料与聚合物的复合组装方法, 着重阐述不同方法的优势及意义, 希望对从事这一前沿领域研究的人们有所启发.     

无机镍纳米复合材料

纳米复合材料因具有独特的物理、化学性能而成为纳米领域研究的热点。镍纳米材料作为一种重要的过渡金属纳米材料,在磁学、电化学、催化等领域具有广泛的应用。将它与其他金属、氧化物等材料复合,一方面使其固有性质得到明显改善,另一方面利用其他组成和镍基材料的协同作用,可得到具有新特性的异质材料,因此研究镍基纳米复合材料的合成具有重要的科学意义。由于纳米材料的结构不同,其复合位置和复合方式均存在不同,本文按照复合材料的结构特征,分别从核壳型、负载型、多节段纳米线3种类型对镍纳米复合材料的研究进展进行评述,在介绍这些材料的合成方法、结构特点的基础上,综述各种方法、各类结构的优缺点及应用前景,为类似复合材料的合成提供借鉴。     

纳米硅酸镁锂-壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合支架材料的制备与性能

利用真空冷冻干燥技术, 将不同质量的纳米硅酸镁锂(nLMS)与壳聚糖(CA)和海藻酸钠(SA)混合, 制备了纳米硅酸镁锂-壳聚糖-海藻酸钠(nLMS-CS-SA)复合支架材料. 研究了不同质量分数(1%, 2%, 3%, 4%)的nLMS对nLMS-CS-SA复合支架材料的外形、 微观形貌、 溶胀率、 孔隙率、 体外降解性能和生物相容性的影响, 以确定nLMS-CS-SA复合支架材料中最佳nLMS含量. 研究结果显示, nLMS-CS-SA复合支架材料是具备形态可塑性的多孔状固体, 各组材料纵断面呈片层状, 其结构疏松且内部孔隙具有高度连通性; 随着nLMS含量的增加, nLMS-CS-SA复合支架材料的孔隙率呈现先降后升的趋势; 当nLMS的质量分数为3%时, 其溶胀比最小, 体外降解速率最慢; nLMS的添加降低了nLMS-CS-SA复合支架材料的毒性. 因此, nLMS在nLMS-CS-SA复合支架材料中的最佳含量为3%.     

Chitosan-based nanocomposites for medical applications

Chitosan as a biobased polymer is gaining increasing attention due to its extraordinary physico-chemical characteristics and properties. While a primary use of chitosan has been in horticultural and agricultural applications for plant defense and to increase crop yield, recent research reports display various new utilizations in the field of advanced biomedical devices, targeted drug delivery, and as bioimaging sensors. Chitosan possesses multiple characteristics such as antimicrobial properties, stimuli-responsiveness, tunable mechanical strength, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and water-solubility. Further, chitosan can be processed into nanoparticles, nano-vehicles, nanocapsules, scaffolds, fiber meshes, and 3D printed scaffolds for a variety of applications. In recent times, nanoparticles incorporated in chitosan matrices have been identified to show superior biological activity, as cells tend to proliferate/differentiate faster when they interact with nanocomposites rather than bulk or micron size substrates/scaffolds. The present article intents to cover chitosan-based nanocomposites used for regenerative medicine, wound dressings, drug delivery, and biosensing applications.     

层状仿生高分子纳米复合材料

自然界中,鲍鱼壳具有有机-无机多级次层状结构以及大量的复合界面作用,力学性能优异。这一独特的层状结构主要由霰石碳酸钙片层构成,并通过体积分数约为5%的生物高分子在层间进行粘合。受鲍鱼壳这一微观结构的启发,我们利用不同的基元材料如纳米蒙脱土、碳纳米管以及氧化石墨烯等构筑仿鲍鱼壳层状结构,并结合多种界面设计,实现不同界面、不同基元材料之间的协同作用,得到了力学性能优异的高分子纳米复合材料。仿生高分子纳米复合材料的成功制备,为今后的研究提供了崭新的思路,拓宽了高分子纳米复合材料的应用前景。     

壳聚糖固体聚合物电池用膜

壳聚糖是甲壳素脱乙酰基的产物，具有良好的成膜性、生物相容性、环保以及价格低廉等特点。作为一种碱性高分子膜材料，近年来已成为聚电解质研究领域中的研究热点。本文综述了壳聚糖固体聚合物电池用膜的研究现状，其改性工艺主要包括共混、化学改性、质子酸掺杂、无机盐掺杂等方法，比较了各种工艺处理后壳聚糖固体聚合物电解质膜的性能差异，并就壳聚糖固体聚合物电解质膜中离子传导机理中有待解决的问题进行探讨，并提出了进一步改进壳聚糖固体聚合物电解质膜性能的研究思路。     

Regeneration of Chitosan-Based Adsorbents for Eliminating Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Chitosan and its derivatives are effective for adsorbing dye molecules from aqueous solutions. However, their use can be limited by environmental concerns on their fate after adsorbent saturation. Desorbing dye molecules and regenerating adsorbents are alternatives to disposing spent adsorbent. In this review, most research topics related to regenerating chitosan-based adsorbents for dye removal are summarized and discussed. Numerous desorption agents, such as acids, alkalis, salts, and organic solvents, have been applied to regenerate chitosan-based adsorbents and recover the adsorbed dye molecules. In addition, the mechanism of desorbing dye molecules from these adsorbents is examined to provide information on selecting methods for recovering chitosan-based adsorbents.     

Chitosan-based nanoparticles for in vivo delivery of interfering agents including siRNA

The potential of siRNA to knock down expression of genes has been identified as an exciting strategy for specific treatments of disease-associated genes. However, their clinical development is pended to the achievement of their effective intracellular delivery in the target cells in vivo. So far, this was a bottleneck for fast development of siRNA in clinics because of their high enzymatic susceptibility in biological media and their poor intracellular uptake. The realization of therapeutic potential of the RNA interference approach strongly depended on the rational design of safe and effective carriers. This review considers carriers made of chitosan-based nanoparticles. It reports the methods of synthesis and the interactions of siRNA with chitosan which is at the basis of the association, stability and delivery to cells of siRNA with these carriers. Results of evaluations of the interference activity produced in vitro and in vivo by the interfering molecule delivered with chitosan-based nanoparticle carriers are discussed. As pointed out from different examples, the remarkable efficacy of the chitosan-based nanoparticles to deliver active interfering agents in vivo and to achieve a successful systemic delivery including by oral administration are very encouraging. Although we are still in the early stage of developments, it can be expected that results reported so far paved the road to stimulate further developments and strengthen their clinical application perspectives.     

Insights into recent advances of chitosan-based adsorbents for sustainable removal of heavy metals and anions

With globally increased human population and industrialization, the natural sources of water are reduced and then contaminated. Therefore, development of advanced technologies for the efficient water treatment is becoming of the scope of each of the nation. One of the cost-effective and well-known technologies for wastewater treatment is adsorption of contaminants by natural biopolymer like chitosan (CS) due to its unique features such as availability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, eco-friendly and low-cost production. However, Cs suffers considerable limitations such as low adsorption capacity, low surface area and limited reusability. Thence, this review intended to provide an overview for recent advances of chitosan-based adsorbents that established better adsorption activities towards various hazard heavy metals, including: As(III), As(V), Cu(II), Cr(VI), Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. In addition, the capabilities of chitosan-based adsorbents for the adsorptive removal of anions including phosphates and nitrates were discussed. Besides, the suggested adsorption mechanisms of these contaminants onto chitosan-based adsorbents and the research conclusions for the optimum conditions of the adsorption processes were explained in light of the currently reported studies. Furthermore, to emphasize the foremost research gaps and future potential trends that could inspire further researchers to find out the best solutions for water treatment problems.     

Chitosan-based membranes preparation and applications: Challenges and opportunities

Chitosan is an abundant natural biopolymer which finds a variety of applications due to its functionalization extending to pharmacology, controlled drug delivery, healing materials, biomedical engineering, food industry, agriculture, catalysis, biosorbents, wastewater treatment, etc. Chitosan can be transformed to distinct derivatives and composites and be modified and grafted for specific use. Many products like flakes, fine powders, beads, membranes, sponges, fibers, and gels can be formed from chitosan. Degradable membranes made of chitosan in conjunction with other materials have increased their scope and include adsorptive membranes for heavy metal and dyes, biomedical applications of chitosan electrospun nanofibers, metal complexation, polymer and modified chitosan-based nanocomposites, cellulose and chitosan composites in wastewater treatment, fuel cells and catalysis. The review has focused on a number of issues related to the said areas. Application of these composite membranes with real industrial effluents should be done with reference to the commercial adsorbents and then their application for removal of aromatics, oils, surfactants, etc. will become practical. The review covers existing gaps and gives future scope for research and innovation.     

壳聚糖基载药纳米微粒制备研究进展

有关可生物降解多糖类纳米微粒用作给药载体的研究，近年颇受重视。简要评述了壳聚糖基载药纳米微粒的制备方法，包括共价交联、离子诱导、沉淀析出、大分子复合和自组装方法及其研究进展。     

Elastomer-Clay Nanocomposites: Effect of Elastomer Polarity

Dynamic mechanical properties of non-polar and polar elastomer-based nanocomposites with Montmorillonite clay are studied in order to ascertain differences caused by elastomer's polarity. Natural as non-polar and polychloroprene as polar rubber are used to experimentally verify predictions based on different nature of elastomer-clay interactions in the two cases. The properties foretold and elucidated in terms of van der Waals interactions in the non-polar case and dipole-dipole interactions in the polar case agree well with experiment, concurrently sustaining general depiction of these unusual nanocomposites.     

气相二氧化硅填充极性低聚物的界面与流变

气相二氧化硅(FS)/低聚物纳米复合材料应用广泛于涂料、胶黏剂、锂离子电池、液体防弹衣等诸多领域.然而,极性低聚物与FS表面相互作用复杂,FS/低聚物复合材料(ONCs)的流变响应多种多样.如何实现ONCs流变行为调控,是长期困扰工业界的难题.本文详细总结了FS在ONCs领域的应用,将FS粒子间相互作用与ONCs流变性质相关联,综述ONCs界面层结构的表征、调控手段及界面层与流变行为的关系.结合本课题组对FS/极性低聚物体系界面及流变行为的研究成果,提出未来ONCs领域的2个重要方向,即研究界面结构与粒子-极性低聚物相互作用间的关系,并通过界面设计实现对纳米粒子/极性低聚物复合材料的流变行为的精确调控.