顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定饮用水中的2-甲基异莰醇和土臭素

2-甲基异莰醇(2-methylisoborneol, 2-MIB)和土臭素(geosmin, GSM)在水源水中大量分泌排放是造成饮用水土霉异味突发事件、引发居民用水恐慌的重用因素之一。使用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)与气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)建立了水库水、水库附近土壤、居民自来水中2-MIB和GSM的测定方法。结合正交分析优化了加盐量、萃取温度、萃取时间条件,在电子轰击(EI)-选择离子扫描(SIM)模式下进行了目标物的定性定量分析。结果表明:在5~1000 ng/L范围内,2-MIB和GSM的色谱峰面积与其质量浓度的线性关系良好(r²≥0.998), 2-MIB与GSM的检出限分别为0.72 ng/L和0.34 ng/L,定量限分别为2.40 ng/L和1.13 ng/L;目标物加标水平为10~600 ng/L时,平均回收率为93.6%~107.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)≤6.1%(n=6)。基于上述方法,对辽宁省某地区水库水、水库附近土壤、居民自来水中的目标物进行检测,结果表明:水库水目标物质量浓度范围为3.0~3.6 ng/L,水库附近土壤中提取的2-MIB为8.1 ng/L、提取的GSM为17.8 ng/L,居民自来水中的目标物未检出。该方法操作简便、准确可靠,灵敏度高,无需有机溶剂,适合于饮用水中2-MIB和GSM的分析检测。     

HS-SPME–GC–MS法测定水中2-甲基异冰片及土臭素

采用顶空固相微萃取–气质联用(HS-SPME–GC–MS)的方法对地表水中2-甲基异冰片(2-MIB)和土臭素(GSM)进行分析测定。通过试验确定了HS-SPME的最佳萃取条件:萃取头为DVB/CAR/PDMS,萃取时间为30 min,萃取温度为70℃,NaCl的加入量为30%(质量分数),萃取纤维在GC上的解吸温度为250℃。用内标法进行定量,2-MIB,GSM的质量浓度在5~100 ng/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数(r2)分别为0.999 7,0.997 0,检出限分别为0.8,1.7 ng/L。采用该法对水样进行测定,2-MIB,GSM测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.6%~6.3%(n=6),加标回收率为92%~112%。该方法能简单、快速地测定水中痕量嗅味物质。     

荧光衍生化-磁分散固相萃取/高效液相色谱检测池塘水与蔬菜中3种挥发性异味物质

以6-碳酰氯左氧氟沙星(LFC-Cl)为衍生试剂,磁性氧化石墨烯(MGO)为吸附剂,建立了2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)、土臭素(GSM)和3-甲基-1-丁醇(3-MB)的高效液相色谱荧光检测(HPLC-FLD)分析方法。在浓度为0.05 mol/L的4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)乙腈溶液中,衍生温度60℃,反应时间90 min,超声波辅助条件下,可完成上述3种醇类挥发性异味物质(VOCs)的衍生化。在吸附剂用量20 mg、萃取时间20 min、解吸剂为乙腈(含1%甲酸)、解吸时间3 min条件下,能实现3种异味物质衍生物的富集和净化。在优化的HPLC条件下,15 min内可实现3种衍生物的基线分离和高灵敏检测。方法检出限(LOD)为0.020~0.95 ng/L,定量下限(LOQ)为0.10~3.3 ng/L,线性、精密度和回收率良好。与已报道的方法相比,该方法具有灵敏度高、样品前处理简单、仪器普适性好等优势,可用于池塘水、蔬菜中VOCs的快速、定量测定,为食品和环境水样监测提供了一种新方法。     

大体积浓缩-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定水样中6种典型嗅味物质

2-甲基异崁醇(2-MIB)、土臭素(GSM)、2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚(TCA)、β-环柠檬醛(β-Cyclocitral)、β-紫罗兰酮(β-Ionone)和二甲基三硫醚(DMTS)为不同特征水体的典型嗅味物质。本研究建立了大体积浓缩-固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用同时测定这6种痕量物质的方法。自制大体积玻璃萃取瓶,萃取体积为100 mL。优化的萃取条件:萃取时间30 min,NaCl离子浓度0.3 g/mL,萃取温度65℃,解吸时间2 min,溶液pH值4～9范围内,不影响萃取效果。各物质的检出限均低于1 ng/L,具有较高的灵敏度;加标回收率为86.0%～114.2%,具有较好的精密度;浓度在1～200 ng/L范围内线性关系良好。本方法应用于江河湖泊、水库、自来水出厂水和管网末端水等水体中嗅味物质的定量检测,结果表明:在富营养化的水体中DMTS,2-MIB和β-Cyclocitral的浓度较高;TCA在管网末端水中含量较高。     

分散固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定地表水中的异味物质

研究了分散固相萃取-气相色谱质谱法测定地表水中土臭素、2-甲基异茨醇、β-环柠檬醛、β-紫罗兰酮、2,4,6-三氯苯甲醚、2-异丙基-3-甲氧基吡嗪、2-异丁基-3-甲氧基吡嗪的方法。确定最佳分散固相萃取条件,在优化试验条件下对异味物质的测定结果显示,该方法重现性好,精密度高,7种异味物质的质量浓度均在0.05~10.0μg·L-1范围内与峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)在1~5ng·L-1之间。应用本方法对空白加标水样进行测定,回收率在81.6%~98.4%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在7.1%~14%之间。     

固相萃取纯化-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定尿液中痕量雷公藤红素

提出了尿液中雷公藤红素的高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。尿液样品经Waters Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集、净化后,以XDB C18反相色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为分离柱,以0.5 g.L-1乙酸-乙腈(25+75)混合溶液为流动相,以氢化可的松为内标,采用负离子模式大气压化学电离源在多反应监测模式下进行检测,雷公藤红素和内标的定量离子对分别为m/z449/405和m/z419/329。线性范围为0.2~50.0μg.L-1,检出限(3S/N)为0.07μg.L-1。日内精密度(n=6)和日间精密度(n=15)分别小于9.3%和11.4%。     

酮苯丙氨酸钙原料药有关物质的鉴定与含量测定

采用高效液相色谱-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC/QTOF-MS)对酮苯丙氨酸钙原料药中的有关物质进行鉴定,并采用反相高效液相色谱法(RP/HPLC)测定有关物质的含量。有关物质含量测定采用C18色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm),20 mmol·L-1磷酸二氢钾(磷酸调至p H 3.3)-乙腈(85∶15)为流动相等度洗脱,流速1 m L·min-1,检测波长205 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μL。结果确证了2个有关物质分别为苯甲酸和苯乙酸。在优化的色谱条件下,苯甲酸和苯乙酸分别在0.64~5.76μg·m L-1(r=0.999 6)和0.65~5.82μg·m L-1(r=0.999 5)范围内线性关系良好,检出限分别为1.3 ng和1.6 ng,平均回收率(n=9)分别为99.6%和99.0%,相对标准偏差分别为1.6%和1.5%。结果表明,HPLC/QTOF-MS可以快速鉴定酮苯丙氨酸钙中的有关物质。本方法灵敏度高、重现性好、准确可靠,可用于酮苯丙氨酸钙原料药有关物质的检测分析及质量控制。     

气相色谱法测定饮用水中痕量土臭素和二甲基异冰片

对液液微萃取-气相色谱法测定饮用水中异嗅物质——土臭素(geosmin,GSM)和二甲基异冰片(2-methylisoborneol,2-MIB)的方法进行了探讨,确定了最佳萃取条件,搅拌时间为10 min,搅拌速率为1 200r/min,NaCl加入量为20 g,pH值为5左右。利用该法对上海市原水及某水厂水样进行检测,检出GSM和2-MIB含量为10 ng/L左右。     

全自动顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-三重四极杆质谱法测定生活饮用水中12种嗅味物质的含量

<正>嗅味物质影响着水体质量。在水体中,特别是饮用水资源中,嗅味物质已经成为关注的热点。水体中的嗅味物质一部分来源于自然界,例如藻类、放线菌等的代谢物,另一部分来源于人为因素,如现代工农业生产排放物进入自然环境以及水处理过程中产生化学反应,进而在水体中引入嗅味物质。土臭素(GSM)和2-甲基异茨醇(2-MIB)被认为是导致水体土霉味的主要物质,主要来源于藻类、放线菌和真菌的代谢产物^[1-2],嗅味阈值极低,分别为9ng·L^-1和4ng·L^-1[3],极少量存在就可致水体异味。     

电喷雾电离-串联质谱法测定纺织皮革产品中4,4-二氨基二苯醚

在不需要色谱分离的前提下,应用电喷雾电离-串联质谱法(ESI-MS/MS)对纺织品中偶氮染料还原产物4,4′-二氨基二苯醚进行测定。在MS/MS中,选择电喷雾离子源,以正离子扫描,选择离子监测模式和二级选择反应监测模式对4,4′-二氨基二苯醚进行定性和定量检测。以[M+H](m/z201)为母离子,选择其二级离子中碎片离子[M+H-NH3](m/z184)和[M+H-C6H7N](m/z108)为子离子。方法的检出限(19S/N)为70 ng.L-1。以1 ng.L-14,4′-二氨基二苯醚溶液进样2μL,平行测定9次,峰面积测定值的相对标准偏差为1.7%。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.