苝醌分子内质子传递过程的理论研究

用AM 1方法计算了醌 (PQ)及醌类光敏剂竹红菌甲素 (HA)分子内质子传递过程的势垒 .得到如下结果 :( 1 )PQ在基态、单重激发态、三重激发态的质子传递势垒分别为 89 75 ,5 5 40和 83 97kJ/mol;( 2 )PQ负离子在基态和激发态的质子传递势垒分别为 80 .1 2和 79.91kJ/mol;( 3)PQ正、负离子自由基的质子传递势垒分别为 6 5 94和 5 9 2 9kJ/mol;( 4)PQ发生分子内双质子传递的势垒为 1 72 1 3kJ/mol;( 5 )HA的质子传递势垒为 89.2 4和 88.0 7kJ/mol.由此得出以下结论 :( 1 )PQ在基态和激发态都存在分子内质子传递过程 ,但激发态的传递速率大大高于基态 ;( 2 )PQ发生双质子传递的可能性几乎没有 ;( 3)PQ负离子及正、负离子自由基仍存在分子内质子传递 ;( 4)HA的七元侧环并未显著影响它的质子传递势垒 .     

竹红菌甲素光敏活性的量子化学研究

利用密度泛函B3LYP/6-31G^*方法对茈醌类光敏剂竹红菌甲素hypocrellin A(HA)及其模型化合物的结构性质和分子内氢传递(IHT)过程进行了系统的计算研究,比较了各侧链对分子结构和IHT过程的影响.利用CIS/6-31G^*方法对HA的活性中心苝醌(PQ)及与其结构类似的一系列化合物激发态的IHT过程进行了研究.得到的主要结论包括:(1)常温下,处于基态的HA分子能够进行快速的分子内氢传递.(2)HA的几种模型化合物在基态时的IHT势垒、分子内电荷分布与HA差别很小,这说明侧链对IHT过程的影响不大.(3)HA模型化合物的IHT势垒与氧氢键键长变化和氢键键长变化呈良好的线性关系.(4)IHT反应中伴随着一个电荷分离过程,在氢传递过程中占主导地位的是静电相互作用,这说明此IHT过程本质上是质子转移过程.(5)共轭结构对该类分子的激发态IHT过程具有重要影响,总的趋势是对小共轭体系,单重激发态和三重激发态IHT反应的势能曲线分离,随着分子共轭结构的增大,两个激发态势能曲线逐渐接近,发生交叉的可能性以及交叉的程度也随之增大,即从单重态到三重态发生系间窜越的可能性也随之增大.由于分子内氢传递导致单重激发态和三重激发态势能曲线交叉,致使发生系间窜越,使体系三重态量子效率显著提高,从而提高了茈醌类光敏剂的光敏活性.这说明IHT过程对该类分子保持其光敏活性具有重要的意义.     

金属丝桃蒽酮结构变化的理论研究

用MMX和AM1方法对金属桃蒽酮(HYP)结构变化过程的生成热进行了计算.发现:1.HYP1,2位OH可越过20kJ/mol左右的势,绕C--O键旋转而形成分子内氢键,并估算出键能约为10kJ/mol;2.HYP其他四个OH也可进行类似的构象变化,势垒在26kJ/mol左右,相应分子内氢键键能约为20kJmol;3.HYP分子内氢传递产生的异构体在能量上不稳定,进而在基础上探讨了1,2位OH分子内氢键的形成对HYP光敏活性的影响。     

金属丝桃蒽酮结构变化的理论研究

用MMX和AM1方法对金属桃蒽酮(HYP)结构变化过程的生成热进行了计算.发现:1.HYP1,2位OH可越过20kJ/mol左右的势,绕C--O键旋转而形成分子内氢键,并估算出键能约为10kJ/mol;2.HYP其他四个OH也可进行类似的构象变化,势垒在26kJ/mol左右,相应分子内氢键键能约为20kJmol;3.HYP分子内氢传递产生的异构体在能量上不稳定,进而在基础上探讨了1,2位OH分子内氢键的形成对HYP光敏活性的影响。     

痂囊腔菌素A分子构型和分子内氢键的理论研究

用半经验量子化学AM1方法对天然苝醌化合物痂囊腔菌素A(EA)的分子构型和分子内氢键进行了研究;从EA可能的64种构型中选择16种进行了计算.结果表明,EA的X射线晶体结构对应的构型是II型左旋(A)a,a型(II-L-A-a,a);小的生成热差值可以使得异构体间的转换容易进行,有利于发生分子内质子传递.尽管采用AM1方法计算得到的EA各种构象的平面性有所差别,但都很接近晶体的平面性.此外,EA分子内氢键键能的平均值为22.9kJ/mol;II型的氢键键能比I型的大,(9,10)位的氢键键能比(3,4)位的大;EA的平面性是由苝醌环上的侧链取代所决定,而与分子内是否存在氢键无关.     

苝醌类光敏剂构象的分子力学研究

用分子力学方法,计算了苝醌类光敏剂竹红菌甲素(HA),乙素(HB)等不同构象的生成热及酚羟基质子解离前后生成热的变化.发现:(1)1(1)HA,HB4种构象导构体的生成热相近,因而室温下即可相互转化;(2)2(2)HA,HB酚羟基质子解离能力有差别,HA强于HB.(3)3(3)HA,HB存在两个分子内氢键,键能均在8kJ/mol左右,而且Ⅰ型构象键能低于Ⅱ型构象,HA低于HB;(4)4(4)当酚羟基键从形成氢键位置扭转180°左右时存在一能量低点,提示这种构象也是可能存在的;(5)5(5)HBMC的酚羟基氢与相邻的氮原子之问也形成分子内氢键,这是HBMC仍有光敏活性的结构基础.     

尿酸质子转移反应的理论研究I——分子内质子转移研究

使用量子化学中的Hartree-Fock方法和密度泛函理论中的B3LYP方法，分别在3－21G^*和6－31G（d)水平上，计算了尿酸分子从三羰基异构体向三羟基异构体的转化。结果表明，转化过程经历了单羟基和双羟基异构体2种中间物和3种过渡态时的分子内质子转移（IPT），转移中的H原邻近的N，O和C原子形成了具有四元环结构的过渡态。随着IPT的进行，N－H键逐渐被削弱和断裂，O－H键则逐渐生成。3个反应的活化能分别为190.3kJ/mol,181.4kJ/mol和249.9kJ/mol(B3LYP/6-31G(d))。较高的活化能表明在室温下，无催化剂的IPT难以进行。     

HCN(HNC)与NH3, H2O和HF分子间相互作用的理论研究

在MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ水平上, 对HCN(HNC)与NH3, H2O和HF分子间可能存在的氢键型复合物进行了全自由度能量梯度优化, 通过在相同水平上的频率验证分析发现了稳定的分子间相互作用形式是HCN(HNC)作为质子供体或作为质子受体形成的复合物. 基组重叠误差对总相互作用能的影响均小于3.34 kJ/mol. 通过自然键轨道(NBO)分析, 研究了单体和复合物中的原子电荷和电荷转移对分子间相互作用的影响. 对称性匹配微扰理论(SAPT, Symmetry Adapted Perturbation Theory)能量分解结果表明, 在分子间相互作用中, 静电作用与诱导作用占主导地位, 而诱导作用与复合物的电荷转移之间具有良好的正相关性.     

DOPA醌在Cu（100）表面吸附的密度泛函理论研究

采用广义梯度密度泛函理论(GGA)的BLYP方法结合周期性平板模型,以原子簇Cu41为模拟表面,对DOPA醌分子在Cu(100)表面不同位置的吸附模型进行了构型优化、能量计算以及Mulliken布居分析,结果表明通过相邻的羰基垂直吸附在表面的桥位是其最佳吸附方式,吸附能为247.2310kJ/mol;其次为顶位、顶位R45和穴位,吸附能分别为227.7162kJ/mol、220.7305kJ/mol和217.8456kJ/mol。Mulliken布居分析结果表明整个吸附体系发生了由Cu原子向DOPA醌分子的电荷转移。     

实验与理论研究G-四链体中鸟嘌呤自由基阳离子脱质子反应

G-四链体传输空穴的特殊性质使其有望应用于发展分子电子器件.由于鸟嘌呤自由基阳离子（G^·+）脱质子反应会中断空穴传递,影响传递效率,我们对G-四链体AG₃（T₂AG₃）₃中G^·+脱质子过程展开了理论与实验的研究.根据瞬态紫外可见吸收光谱,确定了脱质子产物是G（N（2）-H）^·;通过测量不同温度下G^·+脱N（2）-H质子的速率常数,得到脱质子活化能为20.0±1.0 kJ/mol.进而,采用显性水和连续溶剂化模型相结合的方法模拟G-四链体中G^·+脱质子环境,在M062X/6-31G（d）水平上得到了脱质子势垒（26.4 kJ/mol）.结合实验值,理论计算的势能面描述了G-四链体中G^·+脱N2-H的过程.这些结果为G-四链体在电子器件方面的应用提供了重要依据和指导.     

Theoretical study of intramolecular proton transfer of perylenequinone

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3-羰基吡唑质子转移过程的理论研究

采用密度泛函B3LYP／6—311G^＊＊方法,对3-羰基吡唑几何构型进行了全自由度优化,获得了它们的几何结构和电子结构．计算并考察了3-羰基吡唑的两种构象即syn和anti构象的稳定性以及3-羰基吡唑进行结构互变的质子转移过程的四种可能途径：（a）分子内质子转移;（b）水助质子转移;（C）同种二聚体双质子转移;（d）异种二聚体双质子转移．计算结果表明3-羰基吡唑的syn构象中N2-H型的稳定性大于N1-H型,进行质子转移时途径（C）所需要的活化能最小（52．78kJ／mol）,途径（a）所需要的活化能最大（200．59kJ／mol）;3,羰基吡唑的。anti构象中N1-H型的稳定性大于N2-H型,进行质子转移时途径（d）所需要的活化能最小（61．09kJ／mol）,途径（a）所需要的活化能最大（204．15kJ／mol）．     

Photosensitization of hypomycin B--a novel perylenequinonoid pigment with only one intramolecular hydrogen bond

Electron spin resonance technique and spin-trapping methods were used to determine the photoproduction of 1O2 and O2.- by hypomycin B (HMB), a novel perylenequinonoid pigment (PQP) possessing only one hydroxyl group. It was found that the yields of 1O2 and O2.- for HMB were comparable to those for hypocrellin A, a typical natural PQP with good photosensitivity. In addition, the absorption and fluorescence spectra for HMB were investigated. The pKa values in the ground and excited states of HMB were determined to be 8.94 and 5.54, respectively. Thus, the photodynamic mechanisms of HMB may involve not only the photogeneration of 1O2 and O2.- but also the light-induced acidification. Consequently, HMB is proposed to be a good photodynamic therapeutic agent.     

Elastic, quasielastic, and inelastic neutron-scattering studies on the charge-transfer hexamethylbenzene-tetracyanoquinodimethane complex

The 1:1 hexamethylbenzene (HMB)-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) complex shows a first-order phase transition at 230/218 K (heating/cooling) with no change of the space group. The neutron-diffraction studies reveal that this transition is related to a freezing of the rotation of methyl groups. The results for 100 K enabled precise determination of configuration of HMB.TCNQ complexes. The planes of HMB and TCNQ molecules from small angle (6 degrees) so that the dicyanomethylene group approaches the HMB molecule to a distance of 3.34 angstroms. The conformation of methyl groups was exactly determined. The quasielastic neutron-scattering spectra can be interpreted in terms of 120 degrees jumps with different activation barrier in low- and high-temperature phases, equal to 3.7 and 1.8 kJ/mol, respectively. These values are lower than that for neat HMB (6 kJ/mol). The conclusion can be drawn that the methyl groups can reorient more freely in the complex. This conclusion is in agreement with the results of inelastic neutron-scattering studies of low-frequency modes assigned to torsional vibrations of methyl groups. These frequencies are lower than those for neat HMB. The analyzed increase of frequencies of these modes as compared with free molecules can be interpreted as due to formation of unconventional C-H...Y hydrogen bonds which are more pronounced in crystals of neat HMB than in those of HMB.TCNQ. The low-frequency librational modes can be treated as a sensitive measure of unconventional hydrogen bonds formed by the CH3 groups.     

卤代对苝醌类光敏剂光敏活性影响的量子化学研究

Taking hypomycin B（HMB）as the model compound,HF / 6-31G and TD-B3LYP / 6-31G methods have been employed to explore the effect of chlorine,bromine and iodine substitutions on molecular properties and photosensitization of perylenequinonoid photosensitizer（PQP）. It was found firstly that,the halogen substitutions lowered the EHOMO and ELUMO,and the ΔE. From chlorine,bromine to iodine substitutes,the EHOMO and ELUMO increased,while the corresponding ΔE decreased. Secondly,the halogen substitutions increased the molecular triplet-generating quantum yields and lowered the molecular lowest lying triplet energies,which resulted in the substitutes’similar 1O2 yields with their parent compounds. After halogen substitutions,the molecular adiabatic electron affinities increased,which made the substitutes possess lower O2· - -generating abilities than their parent compounds. Finally,the halogen substitutions lowered the intramolecular hydrogen bond energies,while enhancing the intramolecular proton transfer（IPT）barriers of cis isomers and lowering those of trans isomers on the ground state.     

High resolution millimeter-wave spectroscopy of cyclopropylphosphine-borane

The microwave spectrum of cyclopropylphosphine-borane, C(3)H(5)PH(2)-BH(3), has been investigated in the frequency range 150-195 GHz. The spectral assignment was supported by high level ab initio calculations. Two stable conformations have been predicted: the most stable antiperiplanar form and synclinal form that is higher in energy by 7.3 kJ/mol. In the observed spectra, only the most stable antiperiplanar (ap) form has been assigned. The analysis of the rotational spectra in the lowest excited vibrational states of the ap conformer has enabled determination of the potential function for the C-P torsional mode in the vicinity of equilibrium position. The barrier to internal rotation of the BH(3) top has been determined to be 9.616(15) kJ/mol and agrees well with quantum chemical calculations.     

A microwave and quantum chemical study of the conformational properties and intramolecular hydrogen bonding of 1-fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic acid

The structural and conformational properties of 1-fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic acid have been explored by microwave spectroscopy and a series of ab initio (MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level), density functional theory (B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level), and G3 quantum chemical calculations. Four "stable" conformers, denoted conformers I-IV, were found in the quantum chemical calculations, three of which (conformers I -III) were predicted to be low-energy forms. Conformer I was in all the quantum chemical calculations predicted to have the lowest energy, conformer III to have the second lowest energy, and conformer II to have the third lowest energy. Conformers II and III were calculated to have relatively large dipole moments, while conformer I was predicted to have a small dipole moment. The microwave spectrum was investigated in the 18-62 GHz spectral range. The microwave spectra of conformers II and III were assigned. Conformer I was not assigned presumably because its dipole moment is comparatively small. Conformer II is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond formed between the fluorine atom and the hydrogen atom of the carboxylic acid group. Conformer III has a synperiplanar orientation for the F-C-C=O and H-O-C=O chains of atoms. Its dipole moment is: mua = 3.4(10), mub = 10.1(13), and muc = 0.0 (assumed) and mu(tot) = 10.6(14) x 10(-30) C m [3.2(4) D]. Several vibrationally excited states of the lowest torsional mode of each of II and III were also assigned. The hydrogen-bonded conformer II was found to be 2.7(2) kJ/mol less stable than III by relative intensity measurements. Absolute intensity measurements were used to show that the unassigned conformer I is the most abundant form present at a concentration of roughly 65% at room temperature. Conformer I was estimated to be ca. 5.0 kJ/mol more stable than the hydrogen-bonded rotamer (conformer II) and ca. 2.3 kJ/mol more stable than conformer III. The best agreement with the theoretical calculations is found in the MP2 calculations, which predict conformer I to be 5.1 kJ/mol more stable than III and 1.7 kJ/mol more stable than II.     

Structural Effects on the Intrinsic Basicities of alpha,beta-Unsaturated Lactones and Ketones

The proton affinities of 2(5H)-furanone, 1 (836 kJ/mol), 5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one, 2 (862 kJ/mol), cyclopentenone, 3 (857 kJ/mol), and cyclohexenone, 4 (863 kJ/mol), have been measured by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance techniques. A comparison is made with (reexamined) data concerning saturated cyclic and unsaturated aliphatic analogs. Three general observations are made. First, the basicity is found to increase with the size of the ring. Second, unsaturated lactones are more basic than their corresponding aliphatic unsaturated esters. Third, unsaturated and saturated lactones have almost identical gas-phase basicities, while unsaturated and saturated lactones have almost identical gas-phase basicities, while unsaturated cyclic ketones are more basic than their saturated analogs. All these experimental findings have been rationalized by means of ab initio calculations up to the G2(MP2,SVP) level. The basicity trends along the series are the result of two main factors: the different hybridization pattern of the carbonyl carbon as the size of the ring changes and, in the case of lactones, the nonbonding interaction between the proton attached to the carbonyl group and the ether-like oxygen which contributes to the enhanced stability of the protonated form. For unsaturated ketones the C=C double bond participates fully in the change in charge distribution induced by the protonation, while for unsaturated lactones the existence of an oxygen atom within the ring impedes this shift of the electron density.