流动载体对以二-(2-乙基己基)磺化琥珀酸钠为表面活性剂的W/O型微乳状液迁移痕量铜(Ⅱ)的影响

研究了一些流动载体对以二－（２－乙基己基）磺化琥珀酸钠（ＡＯＴ）为表面活性剂、正庚 烷为油性溶剂的Ｗ／Ｏ型微乳状液在迁移痕量金属离子Ｃｕ２＋的影响。实验结果表明，１－（２－吡 啶偶氮）－２萘酚（ＰＡＮ）能大大促进 Ｃｕ２＋的迁移，使其迁移率从 ７０％上升到 １００％。用高盐度 溶液对微乳进行破乳，得到 Ｃｕ２＋的富集倍数为 ６，回收率约为 １００％。     

流动载体对以二—（2—乙基己基）磺化琥珀酸钠为表面活性剂的W／O型微 …

研究了一些流动载体对以二－（２－乙基己基）磺化琥珀酸钠（ＡＯＴ）为表面活性剂，正庚烷为油性溶剂Ｗ／Ｏ型微乳状液在迁移痕量金属离子Ｃｕ＾２＋的影响，实验结果表明，１－（２－吡啶偶氮）－２－萘酚（ＰＡＮ）能大大促进Ｃｕ＾２＋的迁移，使其迁移率从７０％上升到１００％，用高盐度溶液对微乳进行了破乳，得到Ｃｕ＾２＋的富集倍数为６，回收率约为１００％。     

AOT—正庚烷微乳状液的制备及迁移痕量金属离子的研究

研究了以二－（２－乙基己基）磺化琥珀酸黄为表面活性剂，以正庚烷为油性溶剂的Ｗ／Ｏ型微乳状液的形成及迁移痕量金属离子的行为，确定了制乳和迁移的适宜条件，在此条件下，一些金属离子可较完全地水相或料相迁移到微乳相中，显示出较高的迁移率。     

AOT-正庚烷微乳状液的制备及迁移痕量金属离子的研究

研究了以二－(2－乙基已基)磺化琥珀酸钠为表面活性剂、以正庚烷为油性溶剂的W/O型微乳状液的形成及迁移痕量金属离子的行为,确定了制乳和迁移的适宜条件.在此条件下,一些金属离子可较完全地从水相或料相迁移到微乳相中,显示出较高的迁移率.     

乳状液膜对镉（Ⅱ）的迁移行为及其分离

１引言利用液膜分离技术提取与分离金属离子的研究已有报道，但利用三异辛胺（ＴＩＯＡ）作为液膜的载体分离金属离子的研究还未见报道。本文研究了以ＴＩＯＡ为载体的乳状液膜迁移Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）的行为及机理。试验表明，ＴＩＯＡ＋Ｓｐａｎ８０十二甲苯乳状液膜体系能使Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）得到快速、完全迁移，并能使其与常见离子得到完全分离。２实验部分２．１仪器与试剂高速搅拌制乳器（自制）；７２１型分光光度计；Ｃｄ（Ⅱ）标准液，１ｇ／Ｌ；Ｓｐａｎ８０和ＴＩＯＡ分别配制成１０％（Ｗ／Ｖ）和０．１０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的二甲苯溶液；所用其它试剂…     

N235二甲苯-醋酸铵-液膜体系萃取Cd(Ⅱ)的研究

本文研究了反萃剂,料液ＨＣｌ浓度、温度、Ｎ２３５浓度对Ｎ２３５－二甲苯－醋酸铵大块液膜体系迁移Ｃｄ＾２＋的影响,当膜相添加不同浓度的表面活性剂Ｓｐａｎ－８０时,测定了膜－料液界面的萃取反应表观速率常数ｋ１和膜－反萃相界面的反萃取表观速率常数ｋ２,并进行了相应的动力学分析。实验证明,Ｃｄ＾２＋的迁称可用两个连续单不可逆的一级反应来描述,在本文的液膜体系中,Ｃｄ＾２＋的跨膜迁移和Ｈ＾＋的同向迁移耦合。     

乳状液膜迁移分离铋(Ⅲ)

用三异辛胺（ＴＩＯＡ）０Ｓｐａｎ ＳＯ－甲苯乳太液膜迁移Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）的研究表明,在合适的制乳和迁移条件下,Ｂｉ（Ⅲ）可以快速完全地迁入内相,并能与Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾３＋、ＡＩ＾３＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｍｍ＾３＋、Ｃｕ２＋、Ｐｂ＾＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋、Ｃ完全分离。     

微乳凝胶中小分子传质研究

微乳凝胶中小分子传质研究对于拓宽胶束酶学研究内涵、加速酶在生物合成与转化领域中的应用、研制高性能生物传感器等具有重要理论意义和潜在应用价值.以微乳液中二价金属离子与紫脲酸胺之间的配位反应为指示反应,采用分光光度技术,研究了金属离子在由阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化胺构建的微乳凝胶中的传质问题.结果表明,在由含紫脲酸胺微乳液及含金属离子微乳凝胶构成的体系中,金属离子在微乳凝胶中的传质是金属离子与紫脲酸胺配位反应的限速步骤.为进一步证实上述结论,还对影响金属离子在微乳凝胶中传质的各种因素(如微乳液中水与表面活性剂的摩尔比值、分散相中甘油与水的配比等)进行了研究,结果也证实了上述结论.     

溶液pH值,配体及重金属离子Hg^2＋,Cd^2＋,Pb^2＋对细胞色素C电化学活性的影

本文研究溶液ｐＨ值，配体及某些重金属离子对细胞色素Ｃ电化学活性的影响。实验发现：在ｐＨ＝２．０和ｐＨ＝１０．０的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中，细胞色素Ｃ失活，用强的配体ＣＮ＾－与铁卟啉发生配位取代反应虽使溶液相中的细胞色素Ｃ失活，但不影响吸附态的细胞色素Ｃ的活性；重金属离子Ｈｇ＾２＋，Ｃｄ＾２＋，Ｐｂ＾２＋对细胞色素Ｃ电化学活性影响的程度不同，影响大小的顺序为Ｈｇ＾２＋〉Ｃｄ＾２＋〉Ｐｂ＾２＋并对可能的机理进     

以Cyanex272为载体的乳状液膜迁移和分离铅的研究

用Ｃｙａｎｅｘ２７２－Ｓｐａｎ８０－甲苯乳状液膜体系研究了铅的迁移行为，确定了铅迁移的适宜条件。在此条件下，许多常见离子如Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋等均不迁移，Ｈｇ＾２＋迁移率很低。因此Ｐｂ＾２＋能与这些离子得到快速且完全的分离。这对分析测定及三废处理等工作具有实际意义。     

Metal Ions Transport across Liquid Organic Membranes by Cyclic Peptides

Valinomycin is one of the most "important" antibiotic-ionophore. It is known to form more or less stable equimolar complexes with alkali ion in neutral solvents^[1] Some synthetic carriers showing similar properties have also become known, among them, the most frequently seen are compounds like depsipeptides, cyclic polyethers and polythioethers^[2]. These compounds are able to complex with alkali and alkaline-earth ions and make them soluble in nonpolar media. Such quality has attracted great research interest. In this note, we report our recent investigation on the migration of alkali and alkaline-earth metal ions across an organic phase as influence by cyclopeptides cyclo-(Pro-Gly)_3,4 synthesized in this laboratory.     

冠醚改性聚甲基硅氧烷液膜离子传输性能

合成了两种新型的冠醚改性聚甲基硅氧烷，研究了它们作为液膜离子传输载体对离子的传输性能，并考察了膜的稳定性。     

Biosorption of Heavy Metal Ions to A Marine Microalga, Heterosigma akashiwo (Hada) Hada

Alkaline flooding is a method of enhanced oil recovery that relies on the formation of surface-active substances in situ by a chemical reaction between acidic components in the oil and an alkaline reagent. As the injected alkali advances through the porous medium, it keeps contacting fresh oil. At some moment dependent on the alkali/acid concentrations and the velocity, the alkali at the advancing front may become depleted and the flood becomes interfacially nonreactive. The present study is aimed at investigating the above-mentioned phenomena. Displacement studies were conducted in radial cells containing sintered glass beads as a porous medium. Light paraffin oil acidified with 10 mmol/L of linoleic acid served as the displaced (oil) phase while the displacing aqueous solution contained 0-25 mmol/L of sodium hydroxide. The highest oil recovery was obtained under the conditions of low flow rate and high alkali concentration. Increasing the flow rate at high NaOH concentration resulted in decreasing oil recovery up to a certain threshold flow rate. Conversely, the amount of oil recovered by waterflooding only (no alkali) initially increased with increasing flow rate up to the same threshold flow rate beyond which there was no difference between the alkaline flood and a waterflood. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

W/O型微乳状液迁移和富集痕量金属离子Cd2+、Cr3+的研究

利用各种分离技术分离和富集金属离子,无论是在环境保护还是在湿法冶金方面都具有重要的意义.油包水型微乳状液因具有独特的物理化学性质,已越来越广泛地应用于金属离子的萃取分离上.     

杯[4]冠醚对过渡金属离子的液膜传输行为

藉杯芳烃衍生物的识别作用可以实现对金属离子的选择性液膜传输,本文研究了4种新型杯[4]冠醚对5种过渡金属离子（Cu^2 ,Fe^3 ,Co^2 ,Ni^2 ,Zn^2 ）的液膜传输行为,发现其中酯型杯[4]冠醚（Ⅲ）对Cu^2 有优良的传输效能,并考察考察了各种因素（包括源相和受相酸度、离子载休Ⅲ的浓度、时间及温度等）的影响,指出载体Ⅲ对C ^2 的传输为H^ 交换机理,并对该过程进行了初步解释。     

荷电膜渗透传质过程的计算机模拟:一价离子的传递

The transport of monovalent ions through a charged membrane was investigated by percolation approach. Based on percolation concept and theory, the theoretical simulation was conducted for two-dimension (2D) and three-dimension (3D). The results showed that for 2D lattices there has a obviously skip or percolation threshold with charged components from 0.4 to 0.6, and for 3D lattices, such value is between 0.1-0.2. The simulative results were well conformed to those by Monto Carlo simulation for a random system. A practical charged membrane which prepared from the blends of sulphonated polyphenylene sulfide (SPPS)/poly(ether sulfone) (PES) can be considered as a 3D lattices. The experimental conductivity was related with a 3D simulation and the result showed the membrane has a transition from insulator to conductor at the ratio of charged components SPPS about 0.144. Obviously, this value falls in the range of a theoretical simulation for a 3D lattices.     

Sorption of Metal Ions on Clay Minerals

The mechanism of Co uptake from aqueous solution onto hectorite (a magnesian smectite) and its impact on the stability of this clay mineral were investigated as a function of Co concentration (TotCo = 20 to 200 μM, 0.3 M NaNO(3)) and ionic strength (0.3 and 0.01 M NaNO(3), TotCo = 100 μM) by combining kinetics measurements and Co K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The morphology of the sorbent phase was characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and consists of lath-type particles bounded by large basal planes and layer edges. At low ionic strength (0.01 M NaNO(3)), important Co uptake occurred within the first 5 min of reaction, consistent with Co adsorption on exchange sites of hectorite basal planes. Thereafter, the sorption rate dramatically decreased. In contrast, at high ionic strength (0.3 M NaNO(3)), Co uptake rate was much slower within the first 5 min and afterward higher than at 0.01 M NaNO(3), consistent with Co adsorption on specific surface sites located on the edges of hectorite. Time-dependent isotherms for Co uptake at high ionic strength indicated the existence of several sorption mechanisms having distinct equilibration times. The dissolution of hectorite was monitored before and after Co addition. A congruent dissolution regime was observed prior to Co addition. Just after Co addition, an excess release of Mg relatively to congruent dissolution rates occurred at both high and low ionic strengths. At high ionic strength, this excess release nearly equaled the amount of sorbed Co. The dissolution rate of hectorite then decreased at longer Co sorption times. EXAFS spectra of hectorite reacted with Co at high and low ionic strengths and for reaction times longer than 6 h, exhibited similar features, suggesting that the local structural environments of Co atoms are similar. Spectral simulations revealed the occurrence of approximately 2 Mg and approximately 2 Si neighboring cations at interatomic distances characteristic of edge-sharing linkages between Co and Mg octahedra and corner-sharing linkages between Co octahedra and Si tetrahedra, respectively. This local structure is characteristic of inner sphere mononuclear surface complexes at layer edges of hectorite platelets. The occurrence of these complexes even at low ionic strength apparently conflicts with kinetics results, as exchangeable divalent cations are known to form outer sphere surface complexes. To clarify this issue, the amount of Co adsorbed on exchange sites was calculated from the solute Co concentration, assuming that cation exchange was always at equilibrium. These calculations showed that sorbed Co was transferred within 48 h from exchange sites to edge sorption sites. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

Preconcentration of Metal Ions with Anion-Exchange Resin

A method to preconcentrate metal ions employed an anion-exchange resin was studied. Metal ions were first chelated with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), then trapped on an enrichment column packed with anion-exchange resin. The major interfering ions, e.g. calcium and magnesium were excluded from enrichment by appropriate adjustment of pH. Desorption of the trapped metals was effected by elution with HCl (0.1 M). Recoveries of Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Pb²⁺, Zn²⁺ reached 99%. By comparison with preconcentration methods using cation-exchange resin, this method has the advantages of selectivity, quantitative recovery, small cost of operation, and simple procedure.     

Calixarene Complexes with Transition Metal Ions

Selected calixarene complexes with transition metal ions are described showing their syntheses and possible applications, especially in the aspect of the environmental protection.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected issue number.