PrCl3—MgCl2—LiCl三元体系液相限的研究

熔盐体系相图对于研究其各种物理化学性质及电解制备金属是很重要的,但含稀土氯化物体系相图至今报道甚少,作为系列研究含稀土氯化物的三元相图工作之一,本文通过实验测定了PrCl_3-MgCl_2-LiCl三元体系液相限。该相图未见报道。 相关的三个二元体系相图已有文献报道。PrCl_3-LiCl与PrCl_3-MgCl_2属二元简单低共熔体系,其低共熔点的组成分别为71.3wt％PrCl_3(470℃)和59.8wt％PrCl_3(645℃);MgCl_2-LiCl体系相图属有最低点的连续固溶体类型,其最低点组成为     

NdCl_3-BaCl_2-NaCl三元体系相图的研究

借助于DTA和X射线衍射分析方法,研究了NdCl_3-BaCl_2-NaCl三元体系相图,发现本体系存在对应于NdCl_3、NaCl、α-BaCl_2、β-BaCl_2和Ba_3NdCl_9的5个液相面。6条二次结晶线,1个三元低共熔点E和三元转熔点P及一固相下形成的化合物。     

PrCl3—SrCl2—NaCl三元体系相图的研究

借助于DTA和X射线结构分析研究了PrCl_3-SrCl_2-NaCl三元体系相图,发现本体系内有对应于PrCl_3、SrCl_2、NaCl和Sr_3PrCl_9的4个液相面、5条二次结晶线、1个三元低共熔点E(PrCl_3 68.1,SrCl_2 1.1,NaCl 30.8 wt％;465℃)和三元转熔点P(PrCl_3 65.0,SrCl_2 7.0,NaCl 28.0 wt％;515℃).同时发现有1个固相下形成的不稳定化合物Y(在440℃分解).     

PrCl3-BaCl2-LiCl三元体系相图的研究

本文借助于DTA与X射线结构分析研究了PrCl_3-BaCl_2-LiCl三元体系相同。发现本体系内有对应于PrCl_2、α-BaCl_2、β-BaCl_2、LiCl和Ba_2PrCl_3的五个液相面、六条二次结晶线、一个三元低共熔点E(72.1wt%PrCl_3,2.8wt%BaCl_2,25.1wt%LiCl;441℃)和三元转熔点P(62.5wt%PrCl_3,12.5wt%BaCl_2,25.0wt%LiCi;490℃)。同时发现有一固相下形成的不稳定化合物Y(430℃分解)。     

PrCl3—BaCl2—LiCl三元体系相图的研究

本文借助于DTA与X射线结构分析研究了PrCl_3-BaCl_2-LiCl三元体系相同。发现本体系内有对应于PrCl_2、α-BaCl_2、β-BaCl_2、LiCl和Ba_2PrCl_3的五个液相面、六条二次结晶线、一个三元低共熔点E(72.1wt%PrCl_3,2.8wt?Cl_2,25.1wt%LiCl;441℃)和三元转熔点P(62.5wt%PrCl_3,12.5wt?Cl_2,25.0wt%LiCi;490℃)。同时发现有一固相下形成的不稳定化合物Y(430℃分解)。     

PrCl3—CaCl2—MgCl2三元相图的计算

根据热力学原理,对PrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2体系的三个侧边二元系进行优化分析;以MgCl_2为不对称组元,采用Hillert模型,计算了PrCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2三元相图;简要讨论了不对称组元的选取。此体系为简单三元共晶体系,共晶点的计算值和测定值分别为E′(26.0 mol％PrCl_3,41.5mol％CaCl_2、32.5mol％MgCl_2,560℃)及E(26.0mol％PrCl_3,39.4mol％CaCl_2、34.6mol％MgCl_2;546℃)两者结果吻合较好。     

三元体系La(NO3)3-Glu-H2O(35℃)的研究

谷氨酸可用于医药,治疗肝性昏迷症.文献曾报道希土元素能使肝变质.因此研究谷氨酸与希土元素的配合物具有重要意义.相平衡的研究可为配合物的合成提供理论依据.文献报道了LaCl_3-Glu-H_2O在25℃的相图.本文拟报道La(NO_3)_3)-Glu-H_20在35℃的相图研究结果.     

CeCl3-MgCl2-LiCl三元体系液相限的研究

CeCl_3-MgCl_2-LiCl三元体系中的三个二元体系相图均已有文献报导.其中CeCl_3-LiCl及CeCl_3-MgCl_2都是简单低共熔型的,低共熔点的组成和温度分别为67.0wt%CeCl_3(466℃)和54.0wt％CeCl_3(660℃).MgCl_2则是有最低点M的连续固溶体型,M的组成和温度为59.9wt%MgCl_2(570℃).本文中的二元体系,经验证后直接引用文献数据.据此测定了该三元体系的液相限.共测定七个多温截面.各截面端点组成见表1(Table 1).     

核磁共振法测绘相图 Ⅰ.PrCl_3-CH_3CONH_2-D_2O体系

本文用~1HNMR方法,利用带同轴毛细管的样品管,测定了PrCl_3CH_3CONH_2-D_2O体系的三元等温相图。利用化学位移及积分面积比求得平衡体系中液相及固相的组成。核磁共振方法具有快速、准确、样品用量少的特点。     

CeCl3—CaCl2—MgCl2三元体系相图的研究

至今只见到某些稀土氯化物二元相图的报道,而含稀土的三元熔盐体系相图则研究甚少。据报道,CeCl_3-CaCl_2-MgCl_2体系中相关的三个二元体系均属简单低共熔型。曾重新考察并测定其低共熔点的组成与温度为:CeCl_3-MgCl_2,54.0wt.％CeCl_3(660℃);CeCl_3-CaCl_2,57.0     

KCl-KBO2-K2CO3, K2MoO4-KBO2-K2CO3, and K2WO4-KBO2-K2CO3 ternary systems

phase diagrams of KCl-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, K₂MoO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, and K₂WO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined to be E ₁: 622°C, 8.5 mol % KBO₂, 56.5 mol % KCl, and 35 mol % K₂CO₃; E ₂: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂MoO₄; E ₃: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂WO₄. The specific heats of melting of the eutectics were determined.     

Phase relations in the K2W2O7-K2WO4-KPO3-Bi2O3 system and structure of K6.5Bi2.5W4P6O34

The phase relations in the cross-section of the K₂W₂O₇-K₂WO₄-KPO₃ containing 15 mol% Bi₂O₃ were undertaken using flux method. Crystallization fields of K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄, K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄), Bi₂WO₆, KBi(WO₄)₂ and their cocrystallization areas were identified. Novel phase K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction: sp. gr. P−1, a=9.4170(5), b=9.7166(4), c=17.6050(7) Å, α=90.052(5)°, β=103.880(5)° and γ=90.125(5)°. It has a layered structure, which contains {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers stacked parallel to ab plane and sheets composed by potassium atoms separating these layers. Sandwich-like {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers are assembled from [W₂P₂O₁₃]_∞ and [BiPO₄]_∞ building units, and are penetrated by tunnels with K/Bi atoms inside. FTIR-spectra of K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄) and K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ were discussed on the basis of factor group theory.     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

Solubility in the Na2Cr2O7-(NH4)2Cr2O7-K2Cr2O7-H2O system

Solubility in the Na₂Cr₂O₇-(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇-K₂Cr₂O₇-H₂O four-component water-salt system at 25, 50, and 75°C was studied for the first time. Phase field boundaries for individual salts and potassium and ammonium dichromate solid solutions, monovariant lines, and invariant points were determined. Experimental data were used to optimize the looped isohydric process of potassium dichromate preparation involving additional salts.     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O和Li2SO4- K2SO4-H2O溶液的体积性质

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288K至318K温度范围内Li₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O和 Li₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O三元体系的密度。混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4.5 mol.kg_–1,混合溶液中Na₂SO₄和K₂SO₄的离子强度分数为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8。用密度实验值拟合得到了不同温度下Pitzer离子相互作用模型混合参数θ_V和 ψ_V,模型的计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.002 g.cm_–3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系的混合体积。     

NaBO2-NaCl-Na2CO3, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaMoO4, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaWO4, and NaBO2-NaCl-Na2WO4 ternary systems

The phase diagrams of the NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂CO₃, NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄, NaBO₂- Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄, and NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂WO₄ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 612°C, 16 mol % NaBO₂, 42 mol % NaCl, and 42 mol % Na₂CO₃; E ₂: 568°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 28 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 60 mol % Na₂MoO₄; E ₃: 575°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 56 mol % Na₂WO₄; E ₄: 628°C, 8 mol % NaBO₂, 20 mol % NaCl, and 72 mol % Na₂WO₄; and E ₅: 655°C, 9 mol % NaBO₂, 53 mol % NaCl, and 38 mol % Na₂WO₄.     

SnSbBiS4-SnS and SnSbBiS4-Sn2Sb6S11 sections of the SnS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 ternary system

SnSbBiS₄-SnS and SnSbBiS₄-Sn₂Sb₆S₁₁ sections were studied by physicochemical methods (DTA, X-ray powder diffraction, microstructure observation, and microhardness measurements). These sections were found to be eutectic quasi-binary sections of the SnS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ ternary system. Solid solution regions based on the initial components were found on either side of the sections. Alloys in the solid solution region are p-type semiconductors.     

Theoretical study of polyoxide clusters B20O30, Al20O30, V20O50, Si20O30H20, and Si20O30F20

The structural, electronic, and vibrational characteristics and energies of the isolated polyoxide clusters B₂₀O₃₀, Al₂₀O₃₀, V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀ and their complexes with the H⁻ ion and ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ have been calculated by the density functional theory B3LYP method with different basis sets. The computation results show that the symmetric closo structure I _h with oxygen bridges located above the centers of the faces of an empty [M₂₀] dodecahedron is more favorable for V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀. For B₂₀O₃₀, the cage closo isomer is also more favorable than the other isomers, but its structure is severely distorted as compared to a dodecahedron and has a symmetry close to C ₃ . For Al₂₀O₃₀, the I _h structure corresponds to a high-lying local minimum of the potential energy surface. For Al₂₀O₃₀, a set of unusual puckshaped isomers of symmetry C _i , with different numbers of four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and three-coordinate atoms ^IIIO, was localized; these structures are more than 90 kcal/mol more favorable than the dodecahedron I _h . The most favorable isomer of Al₂₀O₃₀ contains twelve four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and four five-coordinate atoms ^VAl. The energies of dissociation of the most favorable M₂₀O₃₀ clusters into the M₂O₃ (C _2v ) and M₄O₆ (T _d ) fragments and, in the case of Al₂₀O₃₀, also into the Al₈O₁₂ (O _h ) and Al₁₂O₁₈ (D _3d ) fragments, have been estimated. The conclusion has been drawn that these clusters can, in principle, exist and can be experimentally detected in the isolated state. Analogous calculations have been performed for ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ with n varying from 1 to 20. The effect of solvation on the relative stability of the dodecahedral and puckshaped isomers of the Al₂₀O₃₀ cluster is observed. The isomers with ammonia molecules in their first coordination sphere become much closer to one another on the energy scale; however, the dodecahedron remains a considerably less favorable intermediate. Original Russian Text ? O.P. Charkin, N.M. Klimenko, D.O. Charkin, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 624–635.     

Structural chemistry of Sr3Cr2WO9, Ca3Cr2WO9, and Ba3Cr2WO9

We have studied the preparation and crystallographic structure of three perovskite-type compounds: Sr₃Cr₂WO₉, cubic, the lattice parameter of which is a = 7.812Å; Ca₃Cr₂WO₉, tetragonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.408 Å and c = 7.635Å; and Ba₃Cr₂WO₉, hexagonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.691 Å and c = 13.957Å. We have compared these three structures and shown the relationship between the dimensions of the alkaline-earth metal and the existence of the different structures.     

Extension of the La7Mo7O30 structural type with La7Nb3W4O30 and La7Ta3W4O30 compounds

Two compounds of formula La₇A₃W₄O₃₀ (with A=Nb and Ta) were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1450 and 1490 °C. They crystallize in the rhombohedric space group R-3 (No. 148), with the hexagonal parameters: , and , . The structure of the materials was analyzed from X-ray, neutron and electronic diffraction. These oxides are isostructural of the reduced molybdenum compound La₇Mo₇O₃₀, which are formed of perovskite rod along [111]. An order between (Nb, Ta) and W is observed.