通过Hβ分子筛上的烯烃水合反应提高FCC汽油品质

 以Hβ分子筛为催化剂,通过烯烃水合反应可以降低FCC轻汽油(≤80 ℃)中烯烃含量并提高含氧化合物含量,从而提高汽油的品质. 在V(H2O)/V(oil)=0.6,WHSV=1 h-1,p=5.0 MPa,θ=140 ℃和t=10 h的条件下,FCC轻汽油中烯烃的转化率为16.7%,产物中含氧化合物的含量为9.5%.     

新型高效 Br(o)nsted 酸性离子液体催化剂体系催化烯烃齐聚反应

烯烃齐聚是重要的化工反应之一, 是指低碳烯烃在催化剂存在下发生聚合反应, 生成一个或多个单体重复相连的化合物过程. 烯烃齐聚反应是一种碳链增长过程, 是生成线性α-烯烃的重要过程. 齐聚反应主要生成单体的二聚、三聚、四聚或五聚物等低聚体, 发生反应的单体主要是低碳烯烃如乙烯、丙烯、正丁烯和异丁烯等. 烯烃齐聚产物应用十分广泛, 可以用于合成环境友好的液体燃料、长链烷烃润滑油、表面活性剂、增塑剂、汽油柴油添加剂等重要化工产品, 同时齐聚产物本身亦是重要的化工中间体和化学试剂. 烯烃齐聚反应研究的重点内容是开发新颖高效的催化剂, 以满足不同需要, 而应用 Br(o)nsted 酸性功能化离子液体作为催化剂用于齐聚反应的报道较少.本文考察了新型高效催化剂体系 (Br(o)nsted 酸性离子液体作为主催化剂, 三辛基甲基氯化铵作为助剂) 对烯烃齐聚反应的催化性能. 合成的 Br(o)nsted 酸性离子液体通过红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、1H 核磁共振和13C 核磁共振等进行系列表征,并进一步分析其结构与酸度的关系. 结果表明, 在相同的反应条件下, Br(o)nsted 酸性离子液体[HIMBs]HSO4对烯烃齐聚反应具有最好的催化活性. 本文考察了不同离子液体、离子液体用量、不同助剂、助剂用量、反应时间、反应压力、反应温度和不同溶剂等因素对反应的影响, 得到了最佳反应条件: 催化剂体系为[HIMBs]HSO4与三辛基甲基氯化铵, [HIMBs]HSO4/异丁烯摩尔比为25%, [HIMBs]HSO4/助剂 (三辛基甲基氯化铵)摩尔比为20:1 , 140 ℃, 8 h, 反应起始压力为2.0 MPa, 无添加溶剂 (离子液体本身作催化剂和溶剂). 在最佳反应条件下对反应物进行了拓展, 并研究了催化剂体系的循环使用情况. 在最佳反应条件下, 异丁烯齐聚反应中反应物转化率为 83.21%, 三聚物选择性高达 35.80%, 二聚物选择性为52.02%, 四聚物选择性为 3.14%. 结果表明, 本文提出的催化剂体系对烯烃齐聚反应具有较好的催化性能. 同时, 催化剂体系可以通过静置分层与产物分离, 并进行循环使用. 根据以往的报道和反应产物分布, 推测了烯烃齐聚反应机理. 烯烃齐聚反应为酸催化反应, 生成碳正离子中间体进行碳链增长, 生成齐聚产物.     

FCC汽油在Ni-Mo-P/USY催化剂上的降烯烃工艺研究

制备了Ni-Mo-P/USY催化剂,采用透射电镜(TEM)及选区电子衍射(SAED)等手段对催化剂进行表征,证实了Ni、Mo活性组分可以较好聚合于USY载体中,并以抚顺石油二厂FCC汽油为原料,考察在该催化剂上进行的烯烃异构化及芳构化反应,探讨了工艺条件对催化性能的影响,结果表明,P改性后的Ni-Mo-P/USY催化剂比改性前性能大为提高,在反应温度320℃、反应压力2.0MPa、质量空速(WHSV)4.0h-1、氢油比(VH2/VOil)400∶1的条件下,汽油烯烃转化率、液体收率、产品异构化选择性和芳构化选择性分别可以达到62.1%、78.4%、47.2%和14.1%.     

新型高效Br?nsted酸性离子液体催化剂体系催化烯烃齐聚反应（英文）

烯烃齐聚是重要的化工反应之一,是指低碳烯烃在催化剂存在下发生聚合反应,生成一个或多个单体重复相连的化合物过程.烯烃齐聚反应是一种碳链增长过程,是生成线性α-烯烃的重要过程.齐聚反应主要生成单体的二聚、三聚、四聚或五聚物等低聚体,发生反应的单体主要是低碳烯烃如乙烯、丙烯、正丁烯和异丁烯等.烯烃齐聚产物应用十分广泛,可以用于合成环境友好的液体燃料、长链烷烃润滑油、表面活性剂、增塑剂、汽油柴油添加剂等重要化工产品,同时齐聚产物本身亦是重要的化工中间体和化学试剂.烯烃齐聚反应研究的重点内容是开发新颖高效的催化剂,以满足不同需要,而应用Br?nsted酸性功能化离子液体作为催化剂用于齐聚反应的报道较少.本文考察了新型高效催化剂体系(Br?nsted酸性离子液体作为主催化剂,三辛基甲基氯化铵作为助剂)对烯烃齐聚反应的催化性能.合成的Br?nsted酸性离子液体通过红外光谱、紫外可见光谱、~1H核磁共振和~(13)C核磁共振等进行系列表征,并进一步分析其结构与酸度的关系.结果表明,在相同的反应条件下,Br?nsted酸性离子液体[HIMBs]HSO_4对烯烃齐聚反应具有最好的催化活性.本文考察了不同离子液体、离子液体用量、不同助剂、助剂用量、反应时间、反应压力、反应温度和不同溶剂等因素对反应的影响,得到了最佳反应条件:催化剂体系为[HIMBs]HSO_4与三辛基甲基氯化铵,[HIMBs]HSO4/异丁烯摩尔比为25%,[HIMBs]HSO_4/助剂(三辛基甲基氯化铵)摩尔比为20:1,140 ℃,8 h,反应起始压力为2.0 MPa,无添加溶剂(离子液体本身作催化剂和溶剂).在最佳反应条件下对反应物进行了拓展,并研究了催化剂体系的循环使用情况.在最佳反应条件下,异丁烯齐聚反应中反应物转化率为83.21%,三聚物选择性高达35.80%,二聚物选择性为52.02%,四聚物选择性为3.14%.结果表明,本文提出的催化剂体系对烯烃齐聚反应具有较好的催化性能.同时,催化剂体系可以通过静置分层与产物分离,并进行循环使用.根据以往的报道和反应产物分布,推测了烯烃齐聚反应机理.烯烃齐聚反应为酸催化反应,生成碳正离子中间体进行碳链增长,生成齐聚产物.     

在改性纳米ZSM－5上通过异构化和芳构化减少FCC汽油中的烯烃

 用稀土氧化物浸渍改性纳米HZSM-5沸石制备了降低汽油中烯烃催化剂。临氢条件下，在固定床反应器上对催化剂的降低烯烃性能进行了考察。结果表明，催化剂表现出很强的降烯烃能力。改性的纳米ZSM-5沸石催化剂对汽油的降烯烃作用得益于其优异的异构化、芳构化和烷基化性能。在温度370 ℃、压力3 MPa、质量空速3 h-1和氢油比 （v/v）600的反应条件下, FCC汽油（＜70℃馏分）中烯烃含量从65.9%（φ） 降至32.5%（φ），异构烷烃含量从23.3%（φ）增加到44.3%（φ），芳烃和环烷烃部分增加，直链烷烃基本不变，在大量降低烯烃的同时，汽油的辛烷值（RON）不降低。催化剂连续反应1000 h以上，性能稳定。     

改性纳米ZSM－5催化剂脱除汽油中烯烃的性能

 在考察ZSM－5沸石晶粒大小对脱除汽油中烯烃的影响的基础上，用纳米ZSM－5沸石作为活性组分负载Co－Mo氧化物制备了改性纳米ZSM－5沸石催化剂，并用XRF，NH3－TPD和TEM等方法对催化剂进行了表征．以脱除DCC汽油中的烯烃为探针反应，临氢条件下，在固定床反应器上对催化剂脱除烯烃的性能进行了评价，考察了反应温度、压力、质量空速和氢／油比对催化剂脱除烯烃性能的影响．结果表明，由于纳米ZSM－5沸石具有晶粒小、微孔短、扩散路程短以及表面酸中心数量多等特点，因而表现出较高的催化活性和较强的抗积碳性能．在V（H2）／V（oil）＝300，WHSV＝3h－1，p（H2）＝3．0MPa和θ＝350℃的适宜条件下，DCC汽油中烯烃的含量由60．7％下降到40％左右，芳烃和烷烃的含量增加；在脱除烯烃的同时可维持汽油的辛烷值不降低．催化剂连续运行1000h以上，其脱除烯烃的性能稳定．     

非负载型铁催化剂上二氧化碳加氢制低碳烯烃

研究了非负载型铁催化剂上CO₂加氢制低碳烯烃反应.结果显示,添加碱金属可显著提高铁催化剂上的CO₂转化率和烯烃选择性.在经K和Rb修饰的Fe催化剂上,CO₂转化率可达约40%,烯烃选择性达到50%以上,其中C₂~C₄烯烃收率超过10%.催化剂表征结果表明,碱金属促进了催化剂中碳化铁的生成,这可能是催化剂性能提高的一个关键原因.随着K含量由1 wt%增加至5 wt%,CO₂转化率及烯烃选择性均升高.但K含量过高时,催化剂活性降低.这可能是由于催化剂比表面积和CO₂化学吸附量降低所致.当K含量为5%~10%时,K-Fe催化剂上烯烃收率较高; 进一步添加适量的硼可进一步提高烯烃选择性,且CO₂转化率下降不大.     

FCC汽油低温改质过程的烯烃转化及催化剂积炭

利用微反-色谱联合实验装置和连续式小型提升管催化裂化实验装置研究了催化裂化汽油低温改质过程中烯烃转化和催化剂积炭的过程和规律。通过对模型化合物和催化裂化汽油改质过程中催化剂活性、催化裂化汽油窄馏分、反应温度、剂油比和反应时间对烯烃转化和催化剂积炭的研究表明，大部分烯烃转化和催化剂积炭的反应发生在油剂接触极短的反应时间内，并随着催化剂活性、反应物活性、剂油比和反应温度的提高而增加。在油剂接触后很长的反应时间内，生焦量、积炭速率和烯烃的转化程度都很小，烯烃转化损失率降低，因此，催化裂化汽油在低温改质的条件下可以通过延长反应时间来提高烯烃的转化率。因此，催化裂化汽油改质的最佳工艺条件为，390℃～440℃，剂油比6，催化剂活性61～65，长反应时间，轻馏分进料。     

轻汽油中二烯烃在Pd/树脂催化剂上的选择性加氢研究

制备了载钯强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化剂，研究了钯负载量和助催化剂用量等对催化剂选择性加氢性能的影响。钯负载量大，加氢活性高，但是选择性差。助催化剂的加入，有利于提高催化剂的选择性，考察了反应条件对二烯烃转化率和选择性的影响。在反应温度为70℃，空速为3h^-1，n(醇）/n(叔碳烯烃）比为1.1，氢压为1.5MPa，n(氢）/n(二烯）比为3年条件下，二烯烃转化率大于97%，残余二烯烃小于0.02%。     

二氧化硅负载杂多酸对异丁烷与丁烯烷基化的催化作用Ⅰ.催化剂的制备、表征和失活

 采用浸渍法制备了二氧化硅负载的磷钨酸催化剂,系统考察了催化剂的比表面积、结晶水、结构特征和酸性等物化性质. 将在不同条件下制备的不同结构的杂多酸催化剂用于异丁烷与丁烯烷基化反应,考察了催化剂活性组分、制备方法和反应条件对催化剂性能的影响,分析了催化剂的失活过程和失活机理. 结果表明,当负载量不大于50%时,磷钨酸以单分子层形式均匀分散于载体表面,催化剂表面存在大量的强B酸中心,不存在L酸中心; 经160 ℃活化后的催化剂具有最大的酸量和最强的酸性; 催化剂对烷基化反应具有较高的初活性,但随着反应的进行催化剂迅速失活; 反应产物的组成与催化剂失活程度密切相关,反应初期产物以烷烃为主,之后产物则以烯烃为主; 催化剂的失活原因为积碳.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.