苯并双噁唑类聚合物的合成

详细介绍了以4,6-二氨基间苯二酚盐酸盐(DADHB)为原料,采用多聚磷酸法、三甲基硅烷基化法、中间相聚合法、单体成盐法合成聚对苯撑苯并双噁唑(PBO),还有以4,6-二硝基间苯二酚(DNR)为原料,先选择还原制得4-氨基-6-硝基间苯二酚盐酸盐,进而与对甲氧羰基苯甲酰氯进行缩环合获得苯并噁唑化合物,再催化加氢合成AB型PBO新单体2-(对甲氧羰基苯基)-5-氨基-6-羟基苯并噁唑,最后自缩聚反应制备PBO的新路线.另外,本文还介绍了直链烯烃型、直链脂肪烷烃型、稠环芳烃型、联苯取代基型、杂环型、聚醚型等苯并双噁唑类聚合物的合成方法.     

主链含羟基的芳杂环液晶共聚物聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑的 合成及性能研究

通过在聚合过程中添加少量2,5-二羟基对苯二甲酸(DHTA)部分替代对苯二甲酸(TPA)与4,6-二氨基间苯二酚(DAR)盐酸盐进行共聚, 合成了一系列大分子链上含有羟基基团的DHPBO共聚物, 并制得其初生纤维. 利用FTIR、接触角等分析手段对其化学结构和纤维表面性能进行了表征, 通过单丝拔出实验和SEM考察了DHPBO纤维与环氧树脂基体的界面剪切强度, 并采用轴向压缩弯曲实验和紫外光加速老化实验评价了羟基基团的引入对提高纤维压缩性能和抗紫外性能的影响. 结果表明, 羟基基团的引入使得DHPBO纤维的表面亲水性、与环氧树脂的界面剪切强度以及纤维的压缩性能和抗紫外性能都有了显著提高.     

复合溶胶-凝胶法改善PBO纤维的光稳定性

分别以钛酸正丁酯(C16H36O4Ti)、醋酸(CH3COOH)、盐酸(HCl)、丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)、苯基三甲氧基硅烷(Ph-TMS)、甲醇(CH3OH)和去离子水(H2O)为原料,氨水(NH3·H2O)为催化剂,分别采用溶胶-凝胶法和复合溶胶-凝胶法涂覆制备防老化聚亚苯基苯并二唑(PBO)纤维。通过粒度分析验证了纳米溶胶的成功制备,通过EDS能谱、SEM扫描电镜、接触角测定等分析测试PBO纤维表面的化学组成与物理性能,验证防老化PBO纤维的成功制备。以拉伸强度测试、SEM扫描电镜和表面接触角表征PBO纤维的防老化性能。结果表明:在氙灯耐气候试验箱经历130h的老化后,与未经过涂覆的PBO原纤相比,采用纳米TiO2水溶胶-凝胶法涂覆的PBO纤维拉伸强度保持率只提高了5%,利用纳米有机硅溶胶-凝胶法涂覆的PBO纤维拉伸强度保持率可提高10%,而经过纳米TiO2和有机硅溶胶-凝胶法涂覆的PBO纤维,拉伸强度保持率提高了27%,且老化后的纤维表面保持得非常完整。     

复合溶胶-凝胶法改善PBO纤维的光稳定性

分别以钛酸正丁酯(C_(16)H_(36)O_4Ti)、醋酸(CH_3COOH)、盐酸(HCl)、丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH560)、苯基三甲氧基硅烷(Ph-TMS)、甲醇(CH_3OH)和去离子水为原料,氨水(NH_3·H_2O)为催化剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法和复合溶胶-凝胶法分别涂覆制备防老化聚亚苯基苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维。通过粒度分析验证了纳米溶胶的成功制备,通过EDS能谱、SEM扫描电镜、接触角测定等手段分析测试PBO纤维表面的化学组成与物理性能,验证防老化PBO纤维的制备。以拉伸强度测试、SEM扫描电镜和表面接触角表征PBO纤维的防老化性能。结果表明:在氙灯耐气候试验箱经历130 h的老化后,与未经过涂覆的PBO原纤相比,采用纳米TiO_2水溶胶-凝胶法涂覆的PBO纤维拉伸强度保持率只提高了5%,利用纳米有机硅溶胶-凝胶法涂覆的PBO纤维拉伸强度保持率可提高10%,而经过纳米TiO_2和有机硅复合溶胶-凝胶法涂覆的PBO纤维,拉伸强度保持率提高了27%,且老化后的纤维表面保持得非常完整。     

2-苯基苯并噁唑的光解反应

聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维对光较为敏感,在紫外光照射下会发生降解.本文研究了该纤维的单体2-苯基苯并噁唑(PO)的初级光化学反应机理.当PO分子吸收一个光子而跃迁到第一激发态后,克服25.59kJ·mol-1能垒而越过过渡态,此时噁唑环打开,且两个苯环形成大约90°的二面角而得到产物,该产物可进一步与空气中的水发生次级反应.计算结果表明在第一激发态上噁唑开环反应很容易,但在基态势能面并没有发现噁唑的开环路径.分子中的原子(AIM)的计算结果与上述分析过程相吻合.     

2-（4-甲氧羰基苯基）-5-硝基-6-羟基苯并噁唑的热分解机理及动力学

顺式聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(cis-poly-paraphenyl enebenzobisoxazole,简称PBO)引起了人们的重视[1-3]。由PBO制得的高性能纤维的商品名为Zylon[2],Zylon不仅具有高的机械强度,而且具有高的热氧化稳定性[2,4-5]。PBO纤维和PBO复合材料在宇航、武器装备等领域中有广阔的应用前景[1-     

苯并二噁唑系列聚合物的合成及表征

以4,6-二氨基-1,3-苯二酚盐酸盐为原料,分别和对苯二甲酸、1,4-萘二甲酸、2,6-萘二甲酸、2,5-噻吩二甲酸、4,4-′(1,2-二苯基乙烯)二甲酸在多聚磷酸介质中反应,合成单环的聚(1,4-亚苯基)苯并二噁唑(PBO)、稠环的聚(1,4-亚萘基)苯并二噁唑(1,4-PNBO)和聚(2,6-亚萘基)苯并二噁唑(2,6-PNBO)、杂环的聚(2,5-亚噻吩基)苯并二噁唑(PTBO)及含有两个苯环的聚-4,4′-亚(1,2-二苯乙烯基)苯并二噁唑(4,4′-PDPEBO).采用傅立叶红外光谱、热重分析、元素分析、特性黏数分析对系列聚合物进行了表征.研究结果表明PBO、1,4-PNBO、4,4-′PDPEBO、2,6-PNBO和PTBO 5种聚合物的耐热性能依次降低,特性黏数依次为25.40、16.76、20.63、15.38和14.63 dL/g.     

高性能PBO纤维的成型、性能改善及其应用研究北大核心CSCD

聚苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维具有超高强度和模量、优异的耐热性和阻燃性,是一种在国防军工、航空航天等领域有重要应用价值的有机高性能纤维。本文综述了国内外PBO纤维的发展历程、纤维的性能,重点介绍了制备高分子量PBO聚合物和纺制高性能PBO纤维的关键技术和先进工艺,提供了改善PBO纤维界面粘结性能、压缩性能和光老化稳定性能的不同技术途径。结果表明:PBO聚合只有多种因素包括单体、工艺、设备等同时优化才能获得高分子量的PBO聚合物,利用双螺杆挤出机同时完成聚合和液晶纺丝成型是工业化连续生产高性能PBO纤维的先进技术路线;通过在PBO大分子链上引入离子基团或双羟基能显著提高PBO纤维与环氧树脂的界面粘结强度,双羟基的存在能使PBO大分子链间建立氢建相互作用从而也提高了PBO纤维的压缩性能,双羟基单体特有的紫外吸收性能更是有效地改善了PBO纤维的光稳定性;在PBO聚合时添加光吸收剂,或在PBO纤维表面涂覆聚酰亚胺都是改善PBO纤维光稳定性的有效方法。     

纳米TiO2混晶的形成及其对光催化性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法通过改变晶型调节剂2-甲基-2,4戊二醇的添加量制备了金红石相和锐钛矿相比例不同的纳米TiO2混晶.以膨胀珍珠岩为载体,制备珍珠岩负载纳米TiO2混晶催化剂,以X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-visiblespectrum)、BET、Raman光谱等方法对纳米TiO2混晶和负载型纳米TiO2催化剂进行表征和性能测定,研究了催化剂的混晶效应对光催化降解甲基橙催化性能的影响.结果表明:晶型调节剂的含量及制备条件对混晶中金红石和锐钛矿相TiO2的比率有较大的影响.对于负载型纳米TiO2催化剂,混晶比影响催化剂的光催化降解效率,当混晶比为6.1时光催化效率最高,这一结果对光催化剂的制备和应用都具有重要的意义.     

金红石型纳米TiO_2浆料改性氯醚树脂防腐涂层研究

用金红石型纳米TiO2对氯醚树脂防腐涂料改性,电化学阻抗考察该纳米TiO2对漆膜防腐性能的影响.结果表明,添加金红石型纳米TiO2不能明显改善氯醚树脂漆膜的附着力、柔韧性和耐冲击性能,但能提高漆膜耐紫外线老化,以及漆膜的光泽度,此外适当的添加量还能提高漆膜的防腐性能.     

UV accelerated aging and aging resistance of dihydroxy poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) fibers

By introducing binary hydroxyl groups into poly(p‐phenylene benzoxazole) (PBO) macromolecular chains, we synthesized dihydroxy poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) polymers and then prepared DHPBO fibers by dry‐jet wet‐spinning. Comparative studies were performed between intrinsic PBO fibers and DHPBO fibers. The effects of hydroxyl polar groups on improving the UV aging resistance of PBO fibers were investigated. With the introduction of hydroxyl groups, substantial changes in the chemical structures and surface morphologies of DHPBO fibers were observed. As proved by tensile testing and intrinsic viscosity measurement, the UV resistance of DHPBO fibers is obviously improved compared to that of intrinsic PBO fibers. XRD results indicate that the UV aging of these fibers occurs mainly on the surfaces of fibers. Based on these results, the mechanism of UV aging of PBO fibers was discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Improvement of surface wettability and interfacial adhesion ability of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fiber by incorporation of 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHTA)

By introducing 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHTA) into poly(p-phenylene benzoxazole) (PBO) macromolecular chains, dihydroxy poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (DHPBO) was synthesized and then DHPBO fibers were prepared by dry-jet wet-spinning method. Effects of hydroxyl polar groups on surface wettability and interfacial adhesion ability of PBO fiber were investigated. With the incorporation of double hydroxyl polar groups, contact angle on PBO fiber for water can decrease from 71.4° to 50.70°, and contact angle for ethanol can decrease from 37.2° to 27.40°. The wetting time on DHPBO fibers for water can be as short as 650 ms, which is half of that of PBO fibers. The interfacial shearing strength (IFSS) between DHPBO (10% mol content DHTA) fibers and epoxy resin is 18.87 MPa, 92.55% higher than that of PBO fibers. SEM images indicate that the PBO/epoxy composite failure mode may change from fiber/matrix adhesive failure to partially cohesive failure.     

Effect of UV irradiation on mechanical properties and structure of poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole) fibers

The accelerated ultraviolet aging behavior of poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole) fibers (POD fibers) exposed to artificial environment for different durations were studied. The influence of ultraviolet light on the intrinsic viscosity, structure, appearance and morphology, mechanical properties of POD fibers were investigated during aging by ATR-FTIR and UV-spectra, XPS, WXRD, SEM and tensile strength tester. The results revealed that the structure and properties of POD fibers were affected by UV light. Tensile strength and breaking elongation of POD fibers were severely decreased after 48 h UV light irradiation, and the change of intrinsic viscosity indicated that only degradation but not crosslink occurred. Disruption of oxadiazole rings and formation of carbonyl and amide were observed. UV aging process in nitrogen atmosphere suggested that the oxygen was indispensable and the essence of POD UV aging was photo-oxidation process. POD was amorphous and the recrystallization on surface was present after UV aging due to degradation. Morphology of POD fiber surface was damaged after UV aging.     

Aging behavior of PBO fibers and PBO‐fiber‐reinforced PPESK composite after oxygen plasma treatment

Aging behavior of poly(p‐phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers and PBO‐fiber‐reinforced poly(phthalazinone ether sulfone ketone) (PPESK) composites after oxygen plasma treatment was investigated. Surface chemical composition, surface roughness and surface morphologies of oxygen‐plasma‐treated PBO fibers before and after aging in air for 1, 3, 5 and 10 days were analyzed by XPS and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The effects of aging on the material were examined by interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and water absorption measurements. The results indicate that the major aging behavior of the fibers and the composite appeared in the first few days after oxygen plasma treatment, whereas minor aging effects were observed with prolonged aging. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

In situ polymerization and characterization of graphene oxide‐co‐poly(phenylene benzobisoxazole) copolymer fibers derived from composite inner salts

A facile and efficient strategy for preparing well dispersed graphene oxide (GO)‐co‐Poly(phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) copolymer fibers was carried out by direct in situ polycondensation of composite inner salts. The composite inner salts were achieved to improve the dispersivity, solubility, reactivity, and interfacial adhesion of GO in PBO polymer matrix. The structure and morphology of GO‐co‐PBO copolymer fibers have been characterized. It was demonstrated that GO were covalently incorporated with PBO molecular chains and dispersed considerably well in PBO fiber even the GO reach to 3 wt %. Meanwhile, the tensile modulus, tensile strength and thermal stability of GO‐co‐PBO copolymer fibers increased considerably with GO. The mechanism and theoretical calculation of GO enhanced PBO fiber were also discussed. The main reasons for the improvement on performance of PBO fiber should be attributed to good dispersion GO in PBO matrix and covalent bonding networks at the interface between GO and PBO molecular chains. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013     

Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)/Poly(pyridobisimidazole) Block Copolymers

Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)/poly(pyridobisimidazole) block copolymers (PBO-b-PIPD) were prepared by introducing poly(pyridobisimidazole) (PIPD) moieties into the main chains of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) in order to enhance its photostability. PBO and copolymer fibers were directly prepared from the polymerization solutions by dry-jet wet-spinning. Chemical structures and molecular chains arrangement of the block copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, solid-state ¹³C-NMR and wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). Thermal stability of the copolymers was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in nitrogen. Thin films of PBO and copolymers were cast from methanesulfonic acid (MSA) solutions. Both the films and fibers were exposed to UV light to determine their photostability. Changes in the chemical structures and surface morphologies of the films were characterized by FTIR spectra and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), respectively. After UV light exposure, the retention of strength for copolymer fibers is improved compared to PBO fibers. The results revealed that copolymers suffered less photodegradation in comparison with homopolymer. The mechanism for the improved photostability of the copolymers was discussed.     

Temperature and humidity aging of poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) fibers: Chemical and physical characterization

In recent years, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers have become prominent in high strength applications such as body armor, ropes and cables, and recreational equipment. The objectives of this study were to expose woven PBO body armor panels to elevated temperature and moisture, and to analyze the chemical, morphological and mechanical changes in PBO yarns extracted from the panels. A 30% decrease in yarn tensile strength, which was correlated to changes in the infrared peak absorbance of key functional groups in the PBO structure, was observed during the 26 week elevated temperature/elevated moisture aging period. Substantial changes in chemical structure were observed via infrared spectroscopy, as well as changes in polymer morphology using microscopy and neutron scattering. When the panels were removed to an ultra-dry environment for storage for 47 weeks, no further decreases in tensile strength degradation were observed. In a follow-on study, fibers were sealed in argon-filled glass tubes and exposed to elevated temperature; less than a 4% decrease in tensile strength was observed after 30 weeks, demonstrating that moisture is a key factor in the degradation of these fibers.     

Surface modification of high-performance polymeric fibers by an oxygen plasma. A comparative study of poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) and poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole)

Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) and poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers were exposed to an oxygen plasma under equivalent conditions. The resulting changes in the surface properties of PPTA and PBO were comparatively investigated using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both non-polar (n-alkanes) and polar probes of different acid-base characteristics were used in IGC adsorption experiments. Following plasma exposure, size-exclusion phenomena, probably associated to the formation of pores (nanoroughness), were detected with the largest n-alkanes (C(9) and C(10)). From the adsorption of polar probes, an increase in the number or strength of the acidic and basic sites present at the fiber surfaces following plasma treatment was detected. The effects of the oxygen plasma treatments were similar for PPTA and PBO. In both cases, oxygen plasma introduces polar groups onto the surfaces, involving an increase in the degree of surface nanoroughness. AFM measurements evidenced substantial changes in the surface morphology at the nanometer scale, especially after plasma exposure for a long time. For the PBO fibers, the outermost layer - contaminant substances - was removed thanks to the plasma treatment, which indicates that this agent had a surface cleaning effect.     

Surface modification of PBO fibers with 2,2-Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane in supercritical carbon dioxide for enhancing interfacial strength

PBO fiber is one of the most promising reinforcements in resin matrix composite because of its excellent mechanical properties. However, the inert and smooth surfaces make it the poor interface adhesion with resin matrix, which seriously limits the application in composites. In this article, we report a method to modify the surface of PBO fibers with 2,2-Bis (3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane（BisAPAF）in supercritical CO₂ to enhance interfacial properties. Chemical structures, surface elemental composition and functional groups, and surface morphology were characterized by FT-IR spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The mechanical properties of the samples were tested by a tensile tester. Static contact angle and microdebonding tests were used to characterize the wetting ability and interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of the fiber and epoxy resin. The results showed that the BisAPAF could be solved in scCO₂ and introduced more groups, –NH₂, –OH, and –CF₃ on the fiber surface, resulting in the mechanical properties and the wettability of PBO fiber slightly improved. Moreover, the fiber surface roughness was also increased obviously. The IFSS between the modified PBO fiber and epoxy resin increased from 8.18 MPa to 31.4 MPa when the treating pressure was 14 MPa. In general, the method to modify PBO fibers surface using BisAPAF in scCO₂ can effectively improve their interfacial properties.