一例喹喔啉酰腙荧光探针对锌离子的选择性高灵敏识别及细胞成像应用

通过缩合反应制备了一例席夫碱荧光探针2-喹喔啉甲醛缩2-吡啶酰肼(1),使用核磁共振氢谱和碳谱及质谱等手段表征了探针的结构。荧光光谱分析表明,探针1自身无荧光,而Zn²⁺能够导致其在500 nm处出现强发射峰。该荧光增强能够在常见阳离子中选择性检测Zn²⁺,检测限低至0.16μmol·L^-1。通过核磁、质谱和紫外等手段推测了探针1与Zn²⁺可能的配位模式。通过单晶X射线衍射解析了1-Zn²⁺配合物的晶体结构,进一步确认了探针的配位行为。1-Zn²⁺晶体中探针分别采取ONN和NN配位模式螯合2个Zn²⁺,并由桥联CH₃O^-和Cl^-连接形成一维链状结构。此外,该探针还可用于活细胞中Zn²⁺的检测。     

Ru(bpy)2(NCS)2染料敏化CdS/Zn2+TiO2复合半导体纳米多孔膜的光电化学

采用水热法合成了Zn²⁺离子掺杂的TiO₂纳米粒子[Zn²⁺掺杂量0.5%(物质的量的比)],并用光电化学方法研究了经Ru(bpy)₂(NCS)₂(bpy=2,2′bipyridine₄,4′dicarboxylicacid)分别敏化的掺杂Zn²⁺的TiO₂电极(简写为Zn²⁺-TiO₂)和CdS/Zn²⁺-TiO₂复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极的光电化学行为.实验证明Ru(bpy)₂(NCS)₂敏化CdS/Zn²⁺-TiO₂复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极比单独敏化Zn²⁺-TiO₂电极的光电转换效率高,且敏化Zn²⁺TiO₂电极和敏化CdS/Zn²⁺TiO₂复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极比Zn²⁺-TiO₂电极的光电流产生的起始波长都向长波方向移动.在360600nm范围内,Ru(bpy)₂(NCS)₂敏化CdS/Zn²⁺-TiO₂复合半导体纳米多孔膜电极光电转换效率最好.     

荧光素-层状双金属氢氧化物复合体的发光性能及对Fe3+的荧光识别

采用离子交换法合成了FLN/OS-LDH复合体(FLN: 荧光素, OS: 1-辛烷磺酸钠, LDH: 镁铝型层状双金属氢氧化物), 并研究了其光致发光和对Fe³⁺的识别性能. 固态时, FLN不发光, 而FLN/OS-LDH复合体呈黄绿色荧光(发射波长为565 nm), 是荧光素(FLN)的特征发射光. 在甲酰胺(FM)中可将该复合体方便剥离为胶状悬浮液, 其发射波长发生蓝移, 为绿光发射(531 nm). 研究了复合体剥离液对金属离子的荧光识别特性, 发现其对Fe³⁺的选择性识别能力很强, 远优于其它离子(Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺和Hg²⁺). 该复合体与Fe³⁺结合发生荧光猝灭现象, 可将其用作检测Fe³⁺的荧光传感器. Fe³⁺检测限为1.27×10^-7 mol/L, 猝灭常数(K_sv)为3.44×10² L/mol.     

吡啶取代的Lindqvist型多酸的线性和非线性光学性质及阳离子检测功能的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法计算了吡啶取代的Lindqvist型多酸(POMs)的线性(最大吸收波长, λ_max)和非线性光学(NLO)[超瑞利散射(HRS)的第一超极化率, β_HRS]性质, 探讨了其作为潜在阳离子检测剂的可能性. 金属离子吸附能计算结果表明, 吡啶取代的Lindqvist型多酸配体与金属离子之间均有较强的相互作用, 相互作用强度大小顺序为Ni²⁺>Cu²⁺>Co²⁺>Fe²⁺>Zn²⁺>Mg²⁺>Ca²⁺. 电子光谱和β_HRS计算结果表明, 引入适当的供、 受电子基团对该多酸配体进行修饰可有效调节线性和二阶NLO性质; 同时, 吡啶取代的Lindqvist型多酸对7种金属离子(Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Ni²⁺, Co²⁺, Fe²⁺)表现出了不同的检测行为.     

Ca2+与乳清蛋白结合的亲和毛细管电泳研究

利用亲和毛细管电泳研究了Ca²⁺与α-人乳清蛋白(α-HLA)的结合情况.以恒定浓度α-HLA作为受体,运行缓冲溶液加入不同浓度的Ca²⁺作为配体,可观察到由于Ca²⁺的结合,α-HLA的电泳淌度发生了变化.通过Scatchard方程的淌度比(M)处理数据得到α-HLA与Ca²⁺的表观结合常数(K_app)为2.0×107(mol/L)^-1.同时考察了Ca²⁺对变性剂(尿素)和热诱导所引起的α-HLA去折叠的影响,结果表明,Ca²⁺的结合增强了α-HLA的稳定性,也即提高了α-HLA抗变性剂和热诱导的去折叠性能.     

电解液对水系可充电池MnO2正极电化学性能的影响

研究了水系电解液中Li⁺、Zn²⁺和Mn²⁺阳离子对具有不同晶型结构和形貌的MnO₂正极电化学性能的影响,探讨其储能机理。结果表明,在不含Mn(II)离子的水溶液中,MnO₂电极所表现的电化学性能趋同,容量低,衰减快。含有Zn²⁺离子的水溶液中,MnO₂电极因二价锌离子的嵌入-脱出,容量明显提升,但衰减严重。当溶液中同时含有Zn²⁺、Mn²⁺离子时,基于Mn²⁺和Zn²⁺离子之间的协同作用和Mn²⁺离子氧化/还原反应过程的作用,有效抑制MnO₂颗粒的聚集和结构塌陷,削弱碱式硫酸锌杂质不利的影响,保持了锌离子在MnO₂电极中嵌入-脱出的高容量特性(200 mAh·g^-1,电流密度：100 mA·g^-1),及良好的循环稳定性。     

N,N-二甲基吡啶苯甲醛缩对二甲氨基苯甲酰腙的合成及对Cu2+的选择性识别

设计合成了可用于识别铜离子的化合物N,N-二甲基吡啶苯甲醛缩对二甲氨基苯甲酰腙(1), 通过¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和MS等对其结构进行了表征; 采用荧光光谱和吸收光谱法研究了化合物1与金属离子间的相互作用. 结果表明, 化合物1对Cu²⁺ 呈现良好的选择性, Cu²⁺ 的加入使化合物1的荧光强度增强12.5倍, 加入其它金属离子如Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg²⁺, Cd²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Li⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ 和 Ag⁺, 仅引起化合物1荧光强度的微降. 采用双倒数线性回归拟合法计算可知, 化合物1与Cu²⁺ 形成了1: 1型强发光配合物, 结合常数为2.0×10⁷ L/mol.     

4-(二乙氨基)水杨醛缩4-氨基安替比林席夫碱的合成及荧光性质

合成了4-(二乙氨基)水杨醛缩4-氨基安替比林席夫碱，通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱、元素分析等对其结构进行了表征。利用分子荧光仪对其与Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Co²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、La³⁺、Ce³⁺、Sr²⁺、Ag⁺、Ru³⁺等金属离子作用前后的荧光性质进行了检测。检测结果表明，加入不同的金属离子后，该希夫碱的荧光发射波长略有变化，但荧光强度发生了不同程度的改变，其中Ru³⁺与希夫碱作用后的荧光强度显著增强。     

新型水溶性萘啶基荧光材料的制备及性能研究

本文制备得到一种新型萘啶基的水溶性光致发光聚合物:聚丙烯酸(PAA)-2-苄氨基-7-甲基-1,8-萘啶,PAA₅-PAMN₂(PAMN是2-phenmethy-lamino-7-methyl-1,8-naphthyridine的缩写),经光谱分析和密度泛函理论计算,研究了化合物的结构和组成.这种聚合物在酸性和碱性条件下呈现最大的吸收波长分别为364和342 nm.Zn(OAc)₂的加入致使PAA₅-PAMN₂水溶液的荧光猝灭,而当OAc^-改变为NO₃^-时,在荧光强度不断降低的同时,由于NO₃^-离子的配位使最大发射波长从410 nm蓝移到400 nm.Na⁺+离子对其没有明显的荧光猝灭效应.     

纳米晶LaAlO3掺Eu3+的复合沉淀法制备及发光性质

以NH₃·H₂O-NH₄HCO₃混合溶液为复合沉淀剂,制备了LaAlO₃:Eu³⁺纳米晶体.通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜和透射电镜对产物进行了表征,用荧光光度计测试了样品的三维荧光光谱、激发光谱和发射光谱.结果表明:前驱沉淀物经800℃焙烧处理2h,制备出球型形貌,颗粒分散性好、尺寸约为40nm的立方相LaAlO₃纳米晶.由三维荧光光谱确定了LaAlO₃:Eu³⁺的最佳监测波长和激发波长,在395nm波长光的激发下观察到纳米LaAlO₃中Eu³⁺的591nm(⁵D₀-⁷F₁)和613nm(⁵D₀-⁷F₂)特征发射谱,磁偶极跃迁⁵D₀-⁷F₁的发射峰强度要比电偶极跃迁⁵D₀-⁷F₂更强,而且这种趋势随着焙烧温度的升高明显增强,说明由该法制备的纳米LaAlO₃中Eu³⁺离子占据的位置具有高的对称性.     

A strategy for the enrichment and characterization of disulfide bond-contained proteins from Chinese cobra (Naja atra) venom

A new strategy combined gold-coated magnetic nanocomposites assisted enrichment with mass spectrometry was developed for the characterization of disulfide bond-contained proteins from Chinese cobra (Naja atra) venom. In this work, core-shell nanocomposites were synthesized by the seed-mediated growth method and used for the enrichment of snake venom proteins containing disulfide bonds. A total of 3545 tryptic digested peptides derived from 96 venom proteins in Naja atra venom were identified. The venom proteins comprised 14 toxin families including three-finger toxins, phospholipase A₂, snake venom metalloproteinase, cobra venom factor, and so forth. Extra 16 venom proteins were detected exclusively in the nanocomposites set, among which 11 venom proteins were from the three-finger toxins family. In the present study, the proposed simple and efficient protocol replaced the tedious and laborious technologies commonly used for pre-separating crude snake venom, suggesting widely implementation in low-abundance or trace disulfide bond-contained proteins or peptides characterization.     

Identification evidence unraveled by strict proteomics rules toward forensic samples

Snake venom is a complex mixture of proteins and peptides secreted by venomous snakes from their poison glands. Although proteomics for snake venom composition, interspecific differences, and developmental evolution has been developed for a decade, current diagnosis or identification techniques of snake venom in clinical intoxication and forensic science applications are mainly dependent on morphological and immunoassay. It could be expected that the proteomics techniques directly offer great help. This work applied a bottom-up proteomics method to identify proteins’ types and species attribution in suspected snake venom samples using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole-electrostatic field Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometric technique, and cytotoxicity assay was amended to provide a direct evidence of toxicity. Toward the suspicious samples seized in the security control, sample pretreatment (in-sol and in-gel digestion) and data acquisition (nontargeted and targeted screening) modes complemented and validated each other. We have implemented two consequent approaches in identifying the species source of proteins in the samples via the points of venom proteomics and strict forensic identification. First, we completed a workflow consisting of a proteomics database match toward an entire SWISS-PROT (date 2018-11-22) database and a result-directed specific taxonomy database. The latter was a helpful hint to compare master protein kinds and reveal the insufficiency of specific venom proteomics characterization rules. Second, we suggested strict rules for protein identification to meet the requirements of forensic science on improved identification correctness, that is, (1) peptide spectrum matches confidence, peptide confidence, and protein confidence were both high (with the false-discovery ratio less than 1%); (2) the number of unique peptides was more than or equal to two in one protein, and (3) within unique peptides, which at least 75% of the ∆m/z of the matched y and b ions were less than 5 ppm. We identified these samples as cobra venom containing 10 highly abundant proteins (P00597, P82463, P60770, Q9YGI4, P62375, P49123, P80245, P60302, P01442, and P60304) from two snake venom protein families (acid phospholipase A2 and three-finger toxins), and the most abundant proteins were cytotoxins.     

疑似蛇毒液样品的纳升级超高效液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析鉴定

针对5个疑似蛇毒毒液及其沾染样品,基于纳升级超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（Nano LC-MS/HRMS）技术,结合尺寸排阻色谱分离,建立了一种蛋白质种类及物种归属的严格鉴定方法。5个样品经尺寸排阻色谱分离后均得到3个洗脱峰,分别冻干后以胰蛋白酶进行溶液内酶解处理并进行液相色谱-高分辨质谱分析鉴定。首先采用全扫描-数据依赖型MS/MS（Full MS/dd MS²）采集模式对样品中的肽段信息进行非靶向采集,依次与Swiss-Prot、蛇亚目（Serpentes）、游蛇科（Colubroidea）、眼镜蛇科（Elapidae）、眼镜蛇亚科（Elapinae）、眼镜蛇属（Naja）蛋白质数据库逐级收缩比对;再筛选符合肽谱匹配度、肽段错误发现率小于1%和特征肽段数目大于等于2的蛋白质,共鉴定到32种蛋白质均来自中华眼镜蛇（Naja atra）,可归属于Naja atra的10个家族,主要为三指毒素、金属蛋白酶、磷脂酶A2等。最后,采用平行反应监测模式选取每种蛋白质的两条特征肽段进行靶向验证,当两条特征肽段均满足“至少75%的y⁺和b⁺离子的Δm/z小于5 ppm”时,方认为鉴定到了样品中的某一蛋白质。最终鉴定出5个样品均含有Naja atra蛇毒。此鉴定方法研究系统、严格,可为蛇毒中毒司法鉴定以及毒药物研究等提供有效的技术支持。     

Proteomics of snake venoms from Elapidae and Viperidae families by multidimensional chromatographic methods

Snake venoms contain a large number of biologically active substances and the venom components are very useful for pharmaceutical applications. Our goal is to separate and identify components of snake venoms in ten snake species from the Elapidae and Viperidae families using multidimensional chromatographic methods. The multidimensional chromatographic methods include reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), lab-on-a-chip, two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), and mass spectrometry. The venoms of eight snake species demonstrated major differences in hydrophobicity, molecular weight separations, and 2-DE protein distribution patterns. The 2-DE images showed major differences between families, within each family and even between the same species. Venoms of the Elapidae family showed many basic proteins with a wide range of molecular weights, while venoms of the Viperidae family showed wide ranges of pI and molecular weights, especially for Trimeresurus sp. The multidimensional chromatographic methods revealed specific differences in venom proteins intra-species as well as between species and families. We have isolated and identified proteins that may be unique for each species for further studies in the proteome of snake venoms and their potentially use in the pharmaceutical applications.     

Global Insight into N-Glycome and N-Glycoproteome of Three Most Abundant Snake Venoms in Asia

Snake venom is a complex cocktail including a variety of biological active proteins and proteinaceous components, which have considerable medical and pharmacological importance. N-Glycosylation is widely impli- cated as a common modification in numerous venom proteins and impacts the in vivo venomic functions. However, systematic survey of N-glycome and N-glycoproteome on snake venoms has not been undertaken. In this study, em- ploying combination of N-glycomics and N-glycoproteomics strategies, we explored the N-glycosylation including both N-glycoproteins and N-glyco-chains in three venoms from Agkistrodon blomhoffii, Naja naja atra Cantor and Vipera russelii siamensis Smith, respectively, which are amongst the most abundant venomous snakes in Asia. As a result, numbers of N-glycoproteins and N-glycans were identified. However, the overlaps of N-glycoproteins and N-glycans of the three venoms were small. Thus, the exploration results of N-glycome and N-glycoproteome indicate that N-glycosylation increases the complexity and variety of the three venoms. Our research provided some new horizons for the comprehensive understanding of venoms variation, which is helpful for the basic venom re- search as well as the management of snake envenomation.     

Immobilized betulinic acid column and its interactions with phospholipase A2 and snake venom proteins

Betulinic acid (BA) is a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid. Although BA has been found to have diverse pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory actions and potential as inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), its cellular targets remain unclear. In this study, BA was immobilized onto an acrylamide matrix. The immobilized-BA column could retain the purified PLA2 of bovine pancreas or the PLA2 of snake venom from Naja nigricollis. The bound PLA2 were not eluted by high salt concentrations but were eluted by either acid or calcium free buffer. Besides the PLA2, a group of basic proteins of snake venom with molecular weights of about 7 kDa were also strongly bound by immobilized BA. One of these proteins was identified as gamma-cardiotoxin. The usefulness of immobilized BA for exploring the cellular targets of BA is discussed.     

质谱法分析蛇毒蛋白翻译后修饰

采用SDS-PAGE分离大连黑眉蝮蛇(Gloydius Shedaoensis)蛇毒蛋白组分, Pro-Q Emerald 488糖蛋白和Pro-Q Diamond磷酸化蛋白荧光染料用于糖蛋白和磷酸化蛋白泳带染色, 采用高效液相色谱电喷雾电离串联质谱(HPLC-nESI-MS/MS)法鉴定蛋白. SDS-PAGE胶上的8条糖蛋白带被分别鉴定为L-氨基酸氧化酶、金属蛋白酶、谷氨酰环化酶、C-端缺失L-氨基酸氧化酶、纤溶酶原激活物、磷脂酶A2(PLA2)和神经生长因子; 5条磷酸化蛋白带被分别鉴定为Stejaggregin-A、PLA2、Crisp、金属蛋白酶 P-Ⅲ和Acutolysin e precursor, 与其它蛇毒来源蛋白具有一定的同源性. 为进一步验证方法的可靠性, 采用离子交换和凝胶过滤层析技术纯化得到了PLA2, Pro-Q Diamond染色结果显示PLA2被磷酸化. 研究所得结果为进一步研究蛋白质翻译后修饰对蛇毒蛋白的生物活性、结构与功能提供了依据.     

白眉蝮蛇蛇毒及蛇毒酶的激光解吸飞行时间质谱研究

Perkins等[1]用MALDI/TOF/MS对不同种类蛇毒中神经毒素进行了分析,彭嘉柔等[2,3]对江浙蝮蛇和蛇毒粗组份进行了初步质谱表征.但蛇毒蛋白纯化困难,因此对单一组份的研究较少且不系统.本文以白眉蝮蛇蛇毒(AgkistrodonblomhoffiiUssurensis,ABUV)为原料,纯化得到了精氨酸酯酶(Arginineesterase,AEase)、磷脂酶A2(PhospholipaseA2,PLA2)、纤溶酶(fibrinolyticenzyme)和L-氨基酸氧化酶(L-aminoacidoxidase),并且用MALDI/TOF/MS法对它们和蛇毒粗毒进行了系统研究.1　实验部分1.1　仪器和药品　激光解吸质谱仪为美国Molecular公司L…     

应用激光解吸质谱和十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析蛇毒精氨酸酯酶的纯度和分子量

应用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对吉林省两地市的同种白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中具有抗栓塞药效的精氨酸酯酶进行了分析和比较。MALDI-TOF-MS法具有快速、准确度高、灵敏度高的优点,两种方法结合,互为补充,取得了令人满意的结果,MALDI-TOF-MS完全可以直接用作蛇毒成分分离过程中重要的研究手段。     

Coupled Chromatography for Assay of the Venom Proteome of the Snake Agkistrodon acutus: An Effective Strategy for Discovery of Active Components

Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) is an attractive option for proteome profiling because of its advantages in separation and analysis of proteins and peptides of extreme pH and molecular weight. Proteomics, regarded as a promising and high-throughput method for discovery of new active natural products, calls for technical progress in comprehensive separation, especially for peptides, glycoproteins, and hydrophobic proteins, etc. Here, an optimized off-line IEX-RP LC system has been used for separation of all the components of the venom of the five-pace snake (Agkistrodon acutus). Seventy-nine different natural venom components were obtained by use of this system, more than were obtained by two dimensional electrophoresis of the venom. An automated on-line IEX-RP LC system was also developed for heart-cut separation of components of interest. As a result, we discovered a new tripeptide (PGlu-Asn-Trp, MW 429.1) in the venom. This emphasizes the role of 2D-LC in drug discovery.