聚氧乙烯—高氯酸锂配合笺电致变色光窗的研究

以ＷＯ３为电致变色层，ＮｉＯｘ为离子贮存层，具有较好透光性的氧亚甲基连接聚氧乙烯／ＬｉＣｌＯ４配合物为电解质制备了全固态电致变色光窗。电色窗在７００－９００ｎｍ之辜的调制深度超过５０％。     

高分子凝胶电解质高氯酸锂 - 碳酸乙二醇酯 - 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系的研究

研究了高分子凝胶电解质高氯酸锂 碳酸乙二醇酯 聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系（ＬｉＣｌＯ４ ＥＣ ＰＭＭＡ）的离子导电性、热稳定性和电化学稳定性．该体系的离子电导率与温度的关系服从ＶＴＦ方程．当ＬｉＣｌＯ４的浓度ＣＬｉＣｌＯ４＝１５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ、ＰＭＭＡｗｔ％（质量百分数）＝３５时，其离子电导率达极大值δ＝１９２×１０－３Ｓ／ｃｍ，光学透明度高，在空气中的稳定性较好，且具有一定的粘附性．该体系在１０２℃以下的热稳定性较高（失重率为３２８％）；电化学稳定性窗口为４５Ｖ，可满足固态电致变色“Ｓｍａｒｔ”窗的要求．     

高分子凝胶电解质及其在电色Smart窗中的应用

研究了高分子凝胶电解质高氯酸锂－碳酸丙烯酯－聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯体系（ＬｉＣｌＯ４－ＰＣ－ＰＭＭＡ）的离子导电性、导电机理以及在电色Ｓｍａｒｔ窗中的应用．其离子电导率与温度的关系服从Ｖｏｇｅｌ－Ｔａｍｍａｎｎ－Ｆｕｌｃｈｅｒ方程，并与体系的ＰＭＭＡ质量百分数、玻璃化温度（Ｔｇ）、碱金属盐的浓度等有关．当ＬｉＣｌＯ４浓度为０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ＰＭＭＡ＝３５％时，电解质具有良好的粘附性、光学透明度及较高的室温离子电导率（σ＝８．７５×１０－４Ｓ／ｃｍ）．由其组装成的全固态电色Ｓｍａｒｔ窗具有良好的光谱特性，可见光调制范围为４０％～６０％；具有良好的光开关特性，响应时间仅为５ｓ．     

四元交互体系Li^＋,k^＋／Cl,SO^2—4—H2O50,75℃相平衡研究

采用等温溶解平衡法测了四元交互体系Ｌｉ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋／Ｃｌ，ＳＯ＾２－４－Ｈ２Ｏ５０，７５℃平衡溶液的物化物质（密度，粘度，折光率），该四元交互体系５０，７５℃的溶解度等温图有５个相区：即Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４．Ｈ２Ｏ，ＫＬｉＳＯ４，ｋｃｌ，ｋ２ｓｏ４，ｌＩｃＬ．Ｈ２Ｏ，７条单变量曲线，３个共饱点，其中ＬｉＳＯ４．Ｈ２Ｏ＋ＫＣＬ＋ＬｉＣｌ．Ｈ２Ｏ为一致零变量点，用我们以往提出的经验公式处理了平衡溶液的密度和折     

四元交互体系Li~＋，K~＋／Cl~－，SO_4~（2－）－H_2O50，7

采用等温溶解平衡法测定了四元交互体系Ｌｉ～＋，Ｋ～＋／Ｃｌ～－，７５℃的溶解度和平衡溶液的物化性质（密度、粘度、折光率）．该四元交互体系５０，７５℃的溶解度等温图有５个相区：即Ｌｉ＿２ＳＯ＿４·Ｈ＿２Ｏ，ＫＬｉＳＯ＿４，ＫＣｌ，Ｋ＿２ＳＯ＿４，ＬｉＣｌ·Ｈ＿２Ｏ，７条单变量曲线，３个共饱点，其中Ｌｉ＿２Ｏ＿４·Ｈ）２Ｏ＋ＫＣｌ＋ＬｉＣｌ·Ｈ＿２Ｏ为一致零变量点。用我们以往提出的经验公式处理了平衡溶液的密度和折光率，由所测得的溶解度数据，求得了高温和高锂浓度下的电解质溶液Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ模型的离子相互作用参数。计算了各平衡溶液中盐的活度和水的活度。还计算了该四元交互体系２５℃的溶解度，考察了Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ电解质溶液理论在水－盐溶解度计算中的应用。     

四元交互体系Li~＋，Mg~（2＋）／Cl~－，SO_4~（2－）－H_2O

本文采用等温溶解平衡法研究了四元交互体系Ｌｉ＋，Ｍｇ２＋／ＣＩ－，ＳＯ－Ｈ２Ｏ２５℃的机关系和平衡液相的物化性质（密度、粘度、电导率、折光率和ｐＨ）．该体系２５℃有七个相区Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４·Ｈ２Ｏ，ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ．ＭｇＳＯ４·６Ｈ２Ｏ．ＭｇＳＯ４·５Ｈ２Ｏ，ＭｇＣ１２，６Ｈ２Ｏ，ＬｉＣＩ．ＭｇＣｌ２．７Ｈ２Ｏ，ＬｉＣＩ·Ｈ２Ｏ，十一条单变量线，五个共饱点．其中ＬｉＣＩ·Ｈ２Ｏ＋ＬｉＣＩ·ＭｇＣｌ２·７Ｈ２Ｏ＋Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４·Ｈ２Ｏ为一致零变量点．与文献中的研究结果比较，我们得到两个新相区ＭｇＳＯ４·６Ｈ２Ｏ和ＭｇＳＯ４·５Ｈ２Ｏ．用经验和半经验公式计算了平衡液相的密度、折光率．由实验测定的溶解度数据求得了高锂浓度下的Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ参数．对该体系２５℃溶解度进行了理论计算复证．     

RECl3—CaCl2—LiCl（RE=La,Ce,Pr,Nd）三元相图的优化和计算机

基于对９个侧边二元系ＲＥＣｌ３－ＬｉＣｌ，ＲＥＣｌ３－ＣａＣｌ２－ＬｉＣｌ热力学数据和实验相图信息的评估、优化以及三元系相关热力学性质的分析，计算了ＲＥＣｌ３－ＣａＣｌ２－ＬｉＣｌ系列４个三元系相图，计算结果与实验相图吻合较好。     

RECl_3－CaCl_2－LiCl（RE＝La、Ce、Pr、Nd）三元相图的

基于对９个侧边二元系ＲＥＣｌ＿３一ＬｉＣｌ、ＲＥＣｌ＿３－ＣａＣｌ＿２和ＣａＣｌ＿２一ＬｉＣｌ热力学数据和实验相图信息的评估、优化以及三元系相关热力学性质的分析，计算了ＲＥＣｌ＿３－ＣａＣｌ＿２一ＬｉＣｉ系列４个三元系相图，计算结果与实验相图吻合较好。     

LiAgSO4-Al2O3复合电解质的导电性研究

研究了分散第二相α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３对ＬｉＡｇＳＯ４的离子导电性的影响，发现ＬｉＡｇＳＯ４－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的电导率随ａ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量的增加而升高，在３００－５００℃间电导率高于纯ＬｉＡｇＳＯ４，ａ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３含量摩尔比约为４０时最高。ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ和ＸＲＤ分析表明，在高温稳定的体立心ＬｉＡｇＳＯ４降温后以Ａｇ２ＳＯ４的正交β相形式存在，但在Ｈ２Ｏ存在下，生成Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４．Ｈ２Ｏ和Ａｇ２ＳＯ４．ＦＴ－ＩＲ分析     

ErCl_3－CaCl_2－LiCl三元体系相图的研究

利用ＤＴＡ研究了ＥｒＣｌ_３ＣａＣｌ_２ＬｉＣｌ三元体系相图。发现该相图有对应于ＥｒＣｌ_３、ＣａＣｌ_２、ＬｉＣｌ和Ｌｉ_３ＥｒＣｌ_６的４个液相面，５条二次结晶线，一个三元低共熔点Ｅ（５８．５％ＥｒＣｌ_３，２３．７％ＣａＣｌ_２，１７．８％ＬｉＣｌ，３９７℃），一个三元转熔点Ｐ（５２．５％ＥｒＣｌ_３，２７．２％ＣａＣｌ_２，２０．３％ＬｉＣｌ，４２８℃）。相应的４相平衡反应为：Ｌ＝ＥｒＣｌ_３＋Ｌｉ_３ＥｒＣｌ_６＋ＣａＣｌ_２；Ｌ＋ＬｉＣｌ＝Ｌｉ_３ＥｒＣｌ_６＋ＣａＣｌ_２．     

染料敏化TiO2/WO3薄膜电池的光电变色

The light-to-electricity conversion process of the TiO2 nanostructured electrode sensitized by a dye was investigated using the photoelectrochemical method in this paper. At the same time, the WO3 thin film was electrodeposited on conducting glass. The results showed that the dye-sensitized nanoporous TiO2 film has the properties of energy conversion, along with good electrochromic properties of electrodeposited MoO3 thin film. A self-powered smart window was achieved by combining a dye-sensitized nanoporous TiO2 film as the photovoltaic layer and an electrodeposited WO3 film as the electrochromic layer. This window changed from being almost transparent to blue spontaneously under illumination, and thus could modulate light transmittance.     

染料敏化TiO2/MoO3薄膜电池的光电变色

在导电玻璃上电沉积得到MoO3薄膜,该薄膜具有良好的电致变色特性,用它和顺二硫氰根 双(2,2′ 联吡啶 4,4′ 二羧酸)合钌(II)[cis bis(thiocyanato) bis(2,2′ bipyridyl 4,4′ dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II),简写为[RuL2(SCN)2]染料敏化的TiO2纳米结构多孔膜组成电池,在白光照射下可产生显著的颜色变化,有望用于自供电源的电色灵巧窗(self powered smart window).     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATIONS OF NEAR INFRARED ABSORBING POLYMERS

A series of near infrared (NIR) absorbing dinuclear ruthenium dicarbonylhydrazine complexes (DCH-Ru),[{Ru(bpy)_2)_2μ-DCH]~(n ) (where bpy = 2,2'-bipyridinc and n = 2, 3 or 4), were prepared. The DCH-Ru complexes areelectrochromic in the NIR region with a high absorption coefficient at 1550-1600 nm typically over 10000 M~(-1)cm~(-1). DCH-Ru complex polymers with good NIR electrochromic properties were also obtained and processed to make a device foroptical attenuation at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The potential of these DCH-Ru polymers for use in a variable opticalattenuator has been demonstrated with an attenuating power at the 1550-nm telecommunication wavelength over 7.0 dB permicron of polymer film thickness. Other classes of NIR active materials are the pentacenediquinones and the correspondingpoly(ether pentacenediquinone)s. These polymers can be electrochemically reduced to the corresponding semiquinone(radical anion) having NIR absorption within a telecom window (e. g., 1310 nm).     

高氯酸锂-乙酰胺/乙烯脲体系的二元熔盐电解质

制备了高氯酸锂与乙酰胺和乙烯脲形成的二元低温熔盐电解质，采用差示扫描量热法、交流阻抗法和循环伏安法分别对其热学、电化学性质进行了研究.测试结果表明,高氯酸锂-乙酰胺体系具有较好的热稳定性和高的电导性，配比n（LiClO4）:n（Acetamide）=1.0:5.5的样品室温（25 ℃）电导率为1.25×10－3 S•cm－1，80 ℃电导率为1.15×10－2 S•cm－1;其电化学稳定电位窗近3 V左右.     

A newly-designed self-powered electrochromic window

By converting incident light into electric power, self-powered electrochromic window (SP-ECW) can achieve color change in electrochromic layer with no need for external voltage. In this work, a newly-designed SP-ECW is proposed for altering its color between deep blue and colorless state according to on/off state of incident light. The device consists of a working electrode with planar integration of photovoltaic (PV) and electrochromic (EC) elements on one electrode, a platinum counter electrode and a redox electrolyte comprising Br^–/Br ₃ ^– couple. A high transmittance modulation of 41% at 582 nm is obtained. Electrical energy converted from light is not only sufficient to drive the device, but also can be outputted to the external circuit.     

聚苯胺电致变色薄膜在不同颜色区间的电化学循环稳定性研究

本文采用电位阶跃和循环伏安法结合紫外可见光光度法研究了聚苯胺薄膜的电致变色性质. 聚苯胺薄膜颜色多变,颜色在浅黄色到绿色再到蓝色之间变化,本文研究在不同的颜色变化区间内聚苯胺薄膜的电化学循环稳定性. 研究结果表明,薄膜在黄色到蓝色(0.4 V ~ 1.2 V)以及绿色到蓝色(0.8 V ~ 1.2 V)区间变化时,电致变色循环性能较差,而在黄色和绿色(0.4 V ~ 0.8 V)之间变化时循环稳定性能良好,着色时间为4.5 s,着色效率高达159.48 cm²·C^-1.     

Synthesis and electrochromic properties of polyimides with pendent benzimidazole and triphenylamine units

Five novel near-infrared electrochromic aromatic polyimides(PIs) with pendent benzimidazole group were synthesized from 4,4'-diamino-4'-(1-benzylbenzimidazol-2-yl)triphenylamine(named as DBBT) with five different dianhydrides via two-step polymerization process, respectively. The maximum UV-Vis absorption bands of these PIs locate at about 335 nm for solid films due to the π-π* transitions. A reversible pair of distinct redox peaks, that were associated with a noticeable color change from original yellow to blue, was observed in the cyclic voltammetry(CV) test. A new absorption peak emerged at 847 nm in near-infrared(NIR) region with increasing voltage in UV-Vis-NIR spectrum, which indicates that PI can be used as NIR electrochromic material. These novel PIs have good electrochemical stability, appropriate energy levels for the highest occupied molecular orbital(HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital(LUMO), in the range of-5.17 e V to-5.20 e V and-2.14 e V to-2.26 e V(versus the vacuum level) determined by cyclic voltammetry method. These values basically consisted with the results of quantum chemical calculation. These polyimides can be used as novel electrochromic and hole transportation materials.     

磷腈-紫精聚合物的合成与电致变色性能

以六氯环三磷腈作为核心、 紫精为电致变色活性基, 合成了一种新型有机-无机杂化电致变色材料——六(1-乙基-4,4'-联吡啶-甲基苯氧基)环三磷腈(PHV ²⁺). 通过傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 X射线衍射(XRD)及核磁共振氢谱( ¹H NMR)表征了PHV ²⁺的结构. 优良的水溶性使得该化合物可以通过简单的方法构造一个以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为凝胶基质的电致变色水凝胶, 具有成本低廉及无毒害的优点. 以氟掺杂氧化锡(FTO)涂层玻璃作为电极材料, PHV ²⁺作为电致变色材料制备了PHV ²⁺/PVA/KCl电致变色器件(PHV ²⁺/PVA/KCl ECD). 该电致变色器件在2.1 V电压下由淡黄色变为紫色, 颜色变化明显, 并且该颜色变化可以循环500次; 器件在526 nm处的光学对比度达到62.19%. 良好的电致变色性质使该化合物在电致变色器件方面具有潜在应用价值.     

Elektrochrome Fenster mit leitenden Polymeren

The construction of a low‐cost potentiostat and an electrochemical cell are described. Both have been used for the potentiostatic deposition of conducting polymers on FTO‐coated glass. According to a reported procedure from literature an electrochromic window has been prepared and tested. Furthermore a novel window containing an additional electrodeposited polymer layer that shows a more pronounced electrochromism than the literature example is described for the first time. The required chemicals are inexpensive as well as the entire electrochemical equipment.     

阳极氧化膜WO3（Ⅱ）：电显色的介质效应

用循环计时电量法、循环伏安法、电化学现场(in-situ)紫外可见反射光谱技术和光电流谱技术研究了溶剂和阳离子(H~+,Li~+)对阳极氧化膜WO_3电显色稳定性和过程的影响。从循环计时电量图可以测定表征膜稳定性的氢或锂的累积量和暂态周期数。实验发现W/WO_3/LiCLO_4乙腈溶液体系具有高的电显色稳定性。引起WO_3膜可逆电显色的H~+和Li~+离子的嵌-脱过程的界面电化学机理不同。着色态WO_3膜的色心是自由电子,其密度超过10~(21)/cm~3,生色机理是等离子体振荡。