InnNa和InnNa+(n=2-8)的团簇结构和电子性质

在密度泛函理论B3LYP水平上, 对InnNa和InnNa+(n=2-8)团簇进行了结构优化和振动频率计算. 计算结果表明, InnNa(n=2、3、4、6)最稳定结构中的对称性分别为C2v、C3v、C4v和C2v, 而InnNa(n=5、7、8)的最稳定结构的对称性为C1点群. 从InnNa(n=4-8)的最稳定结构可以看出, Na原子均位于四个In原子形成的四边形面上. 对于InnNa+(n=2-8), 除了In2Na+、In4Na+和In7Na+, 其它结构都与其中性结构相似. 进一步计算InnNa(n=2-8)团簇的平均结合能、能量的二阶差分以及绝热电离能表明, InnNa(n=2-8)团簇能量的二阶差分呈现奇偶交替特征, In4Na和In6Na较其它团簇更为稳定, 而且理论计算得到的绝热电离能和实验结果吻合得很好.     

B2Cn+(n=1～9)团簇的结构及其稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP泛函, 在6-311G*水平上对B2Cn+(n=1～9)团簇的几何构型和电子结构进行了优化和振动频率计算. 结果表明, 在B2Cn+(n=1～9)团簇的基态构型中, B2C2+、B2C3+为具有D∞h对称性的线形结构, B2C7+为具有Cs对称性的立体环状结构, 其余均为平面构型; 其成键顺序为C—C成键优于B—C 成键, B—C成键优于B—B成键. 进一步得到了B2Cn+(n=1～9)团簇的总能量(ET)、零点能(EZ)、摩尔热容(Cp)、标准熵(S0)以及原子化能(ΔEn+). 其结果显示, 随着n的递增, ET、EZ、Cp、S0和ΔEn+数值均呈现增大趋势, 其中EZ数值呈现近似等梯度的增加趋势. 通过对B2Cn+(n=1～9)团簇基态结构的垂直电子亲合势的研究发现, n为奇数的B2Cn+团簇比n为偶数的稳定.     

硫团簇Sn(n=2～8)结构的朗之万分子动力学计算

引入第一原理密度泛函理论，即赝势密度泛函在实空间的有限差分方法和朗之万分子动力学退火技术，对硫团簇Sn(n=2～8)的结构等进行了计算.结果表明，S3, S4, S5, S6, S7和S8的结构对应为C2v, D2h,信封式Cs, D3d (或船式C2v) ,椅式Cs和D4d的对称结构，其结构参数与有实验数据的S2和S6-8吻合较好.从平均原子结合能看，原子数目越多,硫团簇越为稳定.     

硫团簇Sn(n=2～8)结构的朗之万分子动力学计算

引入第一原理密度泛函理论,即赝势密度泛函在实空间的有限差分方法和朗之万分子动力学退火技术,对硫团簇Sn(n=2～8)的结构等进行了计算.结果表明,S3,S4,S5,S6,S7和S8的结构对应为C2v,D2h,信封式Cs,D3d(或船式C2v),椅式C5和D4d的对称结构,其结构参数与有实验数据的S和S6-8吻合较好.从平均原子结合能看,原子数目越多,硫团簇越为稳定.     

密度泛函理论研究(IrO2)n(n = 1-5)纳米团簇的稳定性及其电子性质

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中的UB3LYP方法全参数优化了(IrO_2)n(n=1~5)纳米团簇的几何构型,并对能量、频率、电子性质以及相对稳定性进行了研究。结构优化表明,当n=1,2时,团簇为平面结构,n2时为三维结构。计算结果表明,桥位O原子与Ir原子之间有更多的电荷发生转移;通过计算解离能可知(IrO_2)n(n=2~5)纳米团簇中Ir4O8为稳定分子;经计算垂直电离能和垂直电子亲和势可知n=2,4为团簇的幻数。     

CO与Pdn(n=1-8)团簇的相互作用

采用密度泛函理论对CO与钯团簇的相互作用进行了系统研究. 结果表明, PdnCO(n=1-8)体系的最低能量结构是在Pdn(n=1-8)团簇最低能量结构或亚稳态结构的基础上吸附CO生长而成; CO的吸附以端位吸附为主, 其吸附没有改变Pdn团簇的结构; CO分子在Pdn团簇表面发生的是非解离性吸附. 与优化的CO键长(0.1166 nm)相比, 除了n=2, 团簇PdnCO的C—O键长为0.1167-0.1168 nm, 吸附后C—O键长变化较小, CO分子被活化程度较小. 电荷集居数分析表明, CO的吸附对Pdn团簇的影响比较小; 二阶能量差分表明, n=4,6的团簇是相对稳定的团簇.     

CO与Pdn（n=1-8）团簇的相互作用

采用密度泛函理论对CO与钯团簇的相互作用进行了系统研究.结果表明,PdnCO(n=1-8)体系的最低能量结构是在Pdn(n=1-8)团簇最低能最结构或亚稳态结构的基础上吸附CO生长而成;CO的吸附以端位吸附为主,其吸附没有改变Pdn团簇的结构;CO分子在Pdn团簇表面发生的是非解离性吸附.与优化的CO键长(0.1166 nm)相比,除了n=2,团簇PdnCO的C-O键长为0.1167-0.1168 nm,吸附后C-O键长变化较小,CO分子被活化程度较小.电荷集居数分析表明,CO的吸附对Pdn团簇的影响比较小;二阶能量差分表明,n=4,6的团簇是相对稳定的团簇.     

硅氧团簇(SiO2)nO2H4的密度泛函理论研究

提出硅氧团簇(SiO2)nO2H4的两种新构型: 基于笼状结构和环状结构的构型, 并与链状构型相比较, 用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法在6-31G(d)基组水平上计算了三种构型n=2～22(n取偶数)的几何结构、平均结合能、能隙以及能量的二次差分. 分析计算结果发现, 笼状构型不但在n=4和8处存在幻数团簇(实验上已经观察到), 而且预测在n=14处也存在类似的幻数团簇; 此外, 与(SiO2)n团簇不同的是, (SiO2)nO2H4团簇的环状构型的稳定性从n=4开始大于链状构型, 意味着水的加成对硅氧团簇的稳定性有着重要的影响.     

Li+与线性碳链HC2n-体系相互作用的理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)和多体微扰理论(MP2),对Li 与线性碳链HC2n-形成的体系HC2nLi(n=1~8,C∞v)的平衡几何构型、谐振动频率、第一绝热电离能和结合能进行了研究并计算了HC2n-与Li 之间相互作用的势能曲线。计算结果表明,Li 可与线性碳链HC2n-形成稳定的化合物HC2nLi;化合物的电离能和结合能与体系大小n之间存在非线性关系。基于计算结果,得到了体系的绝热电离能和结合能与体系大小n的解析表达式。     

用密度泛函理论研究ZrnB(n=1-13)团簇的结构及性质

利用密度泛函理论, 得到了ZrnB(n=1-13)团簇的基态结构, 计算并讨论了团簇能量的二阶差分和离解能. 结果表明, n=2, 5, 12时, 相应团簇较稳定, 特别是Zr5B团簇的稳定性最高. 同时分析了ZrnB团簇的电子性质及磁性, 结果显示能隙随n值的增大出现奇偶振荡趋势, 特别是Zr12B团簇的能隙只有0.015 eV, 表明该团簇已具有金属性. 电荷转移随n值增大, 整体呈增大趋势, 除了二聚体ZrB, 电荷由B原子转移到Zr原子. 利用Mulliken布居分析得到二聚体ZrB(5.000 μB)和团簇Zr4B(3.000 μB)的磁矩较大, ZrnB团簇中总磁矩主要来自Zr原子的4d轨道.     

Furyl- and thienyl-silatranes and germatranes

We review our research on the synthesis and study of the physical and biological properties of furyl- and thienylgermatranes and -silatranes.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 725–732, June, 1992.     

Review and patents and literature

The use of the insect cell/baculovirus expression system for producing recombinant proteins of bacterial, plant, insect, and mammalian origin has become widespread. The popularity of this eukaryotic expression system is due to many factors, including (1) potentially high protein expression levels, (2) ease and speed of genetic engineering, (3) ability to accommodate large DNA inserts, (4) protein processing similar to higher eukaryotic cells (e.g., mammalian cells), and (5) ease of insect cell growth (e.g., suspension growth). The following review of the literature discusses two engineering aspects of recombinant protein synthesis by insect cell cultures: bioreactor scale-up and insect cell line selection. Following this review patent abstracts and additional literature pertaining to expression of recombinant proteins in insect cell culture are listed.     

Hard and soft acids and bases: structure and process

Under investigation is the structure and process that gives rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic atomic bases. That for simple atomic bases the chemical hardness is expected to be the only extrinsic component of acid-base strength, has been substantiated in the current study. A thermochemically based operational scale of chemical hardness was used to identify the structure within anionic atomic bases that is responsible for chemical hardness. The base's responding electrons have been identified as the structure, and the relaxation that occurs during charge transfer has been identified as the process giving rise to hard-soft behavior. This is in contrast the commonly accepted explanations that attribute hard-soft behavior to varying degrees of electrostatic and covalent contributions to the acid-base interaction. The ability of the atomic ion's responding electrons to cause hard-soft behavior has been assessed by examining the correlation of the estimated relaxation energies of the responding electrons with the operational chemical hardness. It has been demonstrated that the responding electrons are able to give rise to hard-soft behavior in simple anionic bases.     

Ground- and excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity in benzene and cyclobutadiene

The aromaticity and antiaromaticity of the ground state (S 0), lowest triplet state (T 1), and first singlet excited state (S 1) of benzene, and the ground states (S 0), lowest triplet states (T 1), and the first and second singlet excited states (S 1 and S 2) of square and rectangular cyclobutadiene are assessed using various magnetic criteria including nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS), proton shieldings, and magnetic susceptibilities calculated using complete-active-space self-consistent field (CASSCF) wave functions constructed from gauge-including atomic orbitals (GIAOs). These magnetic criteria strongly suggest that, in contrast to the well-known aromaticity of the S 0 state of benzene, the T 1 and S 1 states of this molecule are antiaromatic. In square cyclobutadiene, which is shown to be considerably more antiaromatic than rectangular cyclobutadiene, the magnetic properties of the T 1 and S 1 states allow these to be classified as aromatic. According to the computed magnetic criteria, the T 1 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is still aromatic, but the S 1 state is antiaromatic, just as the S 2 state of square cyclobutadiene; the S 2 state of rectangular cyclobutadiene is nonaromatic. The results demonstrate that the well-known "triplet aromaticity" of cyclic conjugated hydrocarbons represents a particular case of a broader concept of excited-state aromaticity and antiaromaticity. It is shown that while electronic excitation may lead to increased nuclear shieldings in certain low-lying electronic states, in general its main effect can be expected to be nuclear deshielding, which can be substantial for heavier nuclei.     

Determination and study on residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil

A QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method for the determination of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry has been developed in this study. The residue and dissipation of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape and soil were determined with the developed method. The half-lives of benazolin-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 3.7–5.1 days and 14.3–26.3 days, respectively. The half-lives of quizalofop-p-ethyl in rape straw and soil were 5.0-6.1 days and 0.3–9.7 days, respectively. The residue of benazolin-ethyl and quizalofop-p-ethyl in rapeseed and soil were below the detection limit (i.e., 0.5?mg?kg^?1, the maximum residue level of European Union for quizalofop-p-ethyl).     

Syntheses and structures of P-anilino-P-chalcogeno- and P-anilino-P-iminodiazasilaphosphetidines and their group 12 and 13 metal compounds

The P-anilino-P-chalcogeno(imino)diazasilaphosphetidines [Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NHPh)] (E = O (3), S (4), Se (5), N-p-tolyl (6)) were synthesized by oxidizing the P-anilinodiazasilaphosphetidine [Me(2)Si(N(t)Bu)(2)P(NHPh)] (2) with cumene hydroperoxide, sulfur, selenium, and p-tolyl azide, respectively. The lithium salt of 4 reacted with thallium monochloride to produce ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=S(NPh)-kappaN-kappaS]Tl)(7), which features a two-coordinate thallium atom. Treatment of 4-6 with AlMe(3) gave the monoligand dimethylaluminum complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE]AlMe(2)) (E = S (8), Se (9), N-p-tolyl (10)), respectively. In these complexes the aluminum atom is tetrahedrally coordinated by one chelating ligand and two methyl groups, as a single-crystal X-ray analysis of 8 showed. A 2 equiv amount of 4-6 reacted with diethylzinc to produce the homoleptic diligand complexes ([Me(2)Si(mu-N(t)Bu)(2)P=E(NPh)-kappaN-kappaE](2)Zn)(E = S (11), Se (12), N-p-tolyl (13)). A crystal-structure analysis of 11 revealed a linear tetraspirocycle with a tetrahedrally coordinated, central zinc atom.