线型碳链LiC_(2n)Li的结构和电子光谱的密度泛函理论研究

应用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6 31G(d)水平上优化得到了线型簇合物LiC2nLi(n=1 ~10,D∞h)的基态平衡几何构型,并计算了它们的谐振动频率.利用含时密度泛函理论,计算了簇合物LiC2nLi的X1∑ +g→11∑ +u跃迁的垂直激发能,以及相应的振子强度.基于计算结果,建立了跃迁能和体系大小n的解析关系式. 同时也计算了体系的第一绝热电离能,讨论了体系的电离能与体系大小n的关系.     

线性簇合物SC2nS2－(n =1～12)电子吸收光谱

应用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上优化了线性簇合物SC2nS2－(n =1～12)的基态平衡几何结构,并计算了它们的谐振动频率.在基态平衡构型下,通过TD-B3LYP/cc-pvTZ和TD-B3LYP/cc-pvDZ计算,确定了簇合物SC2nS2－(n =1～10) 电子跃迁的垂直激发能和对应的振子强度.基于计算结果,导出了电子跃迁吸收波长与体系大小n的解析关系式,以及SC2nS2－体系第一电离能与体系大小n的解析表达式,并讨论了不同端位原子对碳链体系激发态性质的影响.     

线性簇合物SC_(2n)S~(2-)(n=1～12)电子吸收光谱

应用密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/6-31G水平上优化了线性簇合物SC2nS2-(n=1～12)的基态平衡几何结构,并计算了它们的谐振动频率.在基态平衡构型下,通过TD-B3LYP/cc-pvTZ和TD-B3LYP/cc-pvDZ计算,确定了簇合物SC2nS2-(n=1～10)X1Σ g→11Σ u电子跃迁的垂直激发能和对应的振子强度.基于计算结果,导出了X1Σ g→11Σ u电子跃迁吸收波长与体系大小n的解析关系式,以及SC2nS2-体系第一电离能与体系大小n的解析表达式,并讨论了不同端位原子对碳链体系激发态性质的影响.     

InnNa和InnNa+(n=2-8)的团簇结构和电子性质

在密度泛函理论B3LYP水平上, 对InnNa和InnNa+(n=2-8)团簇进行了结构优化和振动频率计算. 计算结果表明, InnNa(n=2、3、4、6)最稳定结构中的对称性分别为C2v、C3v、C4v和C2v, 而InnNa(n=5、7、8)的最稳定结构的对称性为C1点群. 从InnNa(n=4-8)的最稳定结构可以看出, Na原子均位于四个In原子形成的四边形面上. 对于InnNa+(n=2-8), 除了In2Na+、In4Na+和In7Na+, 其它结构都与其中性结构相似. 进一步计算InnNa(n=2-8)团簇的平均结合能、能量的二阶差分以及绝热电离能表明, InnNa(n=2-8)团簇能量的二阶差分呈现奇偶交替特征, In4Na和In6Na较其它团簇更为稳定, 而且理论计算得到的绝热电离能和实验结果吻合得很好.     

InnNa和InnNa^＋（n=2—8）的团簇结构和电子性质

在密度泛函理论B3LYP水平上,对Innna和InnNa+(n=2-8)团簇进行了结构优化和振动频率计算.计算结果表明,InnNa(n=2、3、4、6)最稳定结构中的对称性分别为C2v、C3v、C4v和C2v而InnNa(n=5、7、8)的最稳定结构的对称性为C1点群.从InnNa(n=4-8)的最稳定结构可以看出,Na原子均位于四个In原子形成的四边形而上.对于InnNa+(n=2-8),除了In2Na+和In7Na+,其它结构都与其中性结构相似.进一步计算InnNa(n=2-8)团簇的平均结合能、能量的二阶差分以及绝热电离能表明,InnNa(n=2-8)团簇能量的二阶差分呈现奇偶交替特征,In4Na和In6Na较其它团簇更为稳定,而且理论计算得到的绝热电离能和实验结果吻合得很好.     

聚炔烃电子吸收光谱的理论研究

应用DFT/B3LYP方法,在6-31G水平上计算了HC2nH(n=1～13)的基态平衡几何构型和振动频率.在基态平衡构型下,通过TD-B3LYP/cc-PVTZ计算,确定了HC2nH(n=1～5)体系电子跃迁的能量和对应的振子强度.根据计算结果并结合先前的价键研究导出了HC2nH聚炔烃体系电子跃迁能与体系大小n有关的解析表达式.     

运用静电势图像分割方法预测超分子结合能

[2]-轮烷是由大环与分子链组成的两组分超分子体系,计算评估大环和链之间的结合强度,对于理解超分子识别和超分子体系可控设计尤为重要.本文借鉴计算机图像处理技术,通过全局阈值分割方法将大环和链的静电势图像分成两个片段,两者的静电势差值近似为[2]-轮烷体系的结合能.该计算方法可以直观简便地预测超分子体系的结合能.基于静电势的图像阈值分割方法计算的结合能定性符合实验测定的结合常数和密度泛函理论(DFT)计算的结合能.对于不同分子链和大环分子组成的多种[2]-轮烷体系的对比研究表明,大环与链的结合强度与结合位点的给质子能力、形成氢键的数目、大环的尺寸以及大环与链之间?-?堆积作用相关.     

气相中疏水氨基酸的单电子氧化还原性质

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/DZP++水平上研究气相中疏水氨基酸的单电子氧化还原性质.计算表明:发生单电子氧化反应时,侧链较小的甘氨酸、丙氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸丢失电子的主要部位是氨基、α-碳和羧基,对应着相对较大的绝热电离能(8.52-9.15 eV);而半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸因侧链丢失较多负电荷,其电离能有所降低.气相中疏水氨基酸从外界捕获的电子主要驻留在羧基或氨基的氢原子外侧以及分子的骨架上,形成具有偶极边界结构和价键结构的混合状态阴离子,绝热电子亲和势在-0.08至-0.63 eV之间.由于氨基酸的电离能较大且电子亲和势为负值,所以在气相中它们既不容易被氧化也难以被还原.     

新型抗菌肽的设计、活性研究及与磷脂相互作用的计算模拟

设计合成了多个具有2个活性序列的线性和环状多肽及具有单个活性序列的短链多肽, 研究了它们的杀菌活性, 发现其杀菌活性顺序为长链肽>环状肽>短链肽, 特别是线性的Linear-KT和Linear-KS对多种革兰氏阴性菌和阳性菌均具有较高的杀菌活性. 采用MTT法考察了Linear-KT和Linear-KS对正常细胞的毒性, 其中Linear-KS表现出较低的细胞毒性, 优于阳性对照多粘菌素B. 利用计算模拟的方法计算了多肽与细菌细胞膜中磷脂酰甘油(DMPG)的相互作用. 结果表明, 多肽和DMPG的结合能也表现出长链肽>环状肽>短链肽的规律, 特别是Linear-KT和Linear-KS具有较高的结合能. 长链肽含有2个活性序列, 可提供多个荷正电的氨基酸与荷负电的磷脂结合, 结合能较大, 杀菌活性较强. 同时, 柔性的结构及Linear-KT和Linear-KS中丝氨酸和苏氨酸的β碳上的羟基可与磷脂上的羰基形成多个氢键, 进一步增大了结合能. 计算模拟的方法为抗菌肽的杀菌活性从理论上提供了一定的依据.     

多烯链平均π电子离域能的递变函数研究

离域能或共振能ED是一个共轭多烯体系中π电子能Eπ与相应数目n个孤立乙烯双键中π电子能总和nEπ之差量[1],即ED=Eπ-nEπ(c=c),由于离域能随双键数目增加而逐渐增大,大小不同的多烯链化合物总离域能不便比较.蒋明谦曾提出了著名的有机结构型性能的同系线性规律,他用多烯链每一个碳碳键上的平均离域能(或每个碳碳双键上的平均离域能)对同系因子(1/α)2/n作图,发现二者均具有良好的直线关系,如H(CH=CH)nH系列,碳碳双键上的平均离域能与同系因子成线性关系,相关系数为0.994,H(CH=CH)nC+H2系列,碳碳键上的平均离域能与同系因子线性相关,相关系数亦为0.994[2].但对于不同系列而言,碳碳键上的离域能和碳碳双键上的离域能不便比较.     

A method for molecular correlation energy calculations. Application to the determination of dissociation energies of diatomic and polyatomic molecules

A simple and economical method for molecular correlation energy calculations is developed. In this method, the internal part of the correlation energy is calculated by means of a CI in a minimal basis set and the non-internal part (semi-internal and all-external) is evaluated using an original atoms-in-molecule method. It is successfully applied to the determination of dissociation energies of some diatomic (H₂, NH, C₂, CN, N₂, CO, NO, O₂, F₂) and polyatomic (H₂O, N₂O, CO₂, N₃H, CH₂N₂, CH₂CO, C₂N₂) molecules. The results are compared to those obtained using very elaborate variational methods.Aspirant du Fonds National Belge de la Recherche Scientifique.     

Partitioning of atomization energy

The present work provides a technique for partitioning the atomization energy of a molecule into diatomic contributions. The method is largely based on the redistribution of the kinetic energy term in Mayer's energy partitioning and uses free‐atom energies as a reference. The comparison of Mayer's original method, the alternative Ichikawa–Yoshida approach, and the new atomization energy partitioning (AEP) shows that the new approach has advantages in describing trends in diatomic energies in molecules with triple bonds, as well as for hydrogen bonds. The proposed AEP is a viable alternative to Mayer's energy partitioning method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int. J. Quantum Chem, 2008     

Interaction energy contours of molecules as probed by a test atom

Potential energy contour curves for some simple molecules interacting with a test atom (a Li atom in the ground state) are calculated by theab initio method. Relative hardness of the repulsive molecular surface is found to be anisotropic. This indicates that the outer boundary surface of a molecule changes its form depending on the extent of applied external forces. The attractive nature of the molecular surface is demonstrated to be local. Surroundings of electronegative atoms having nonbonded electron pairs are found to be attractieve to the test atom having both electron-donating and electron-accepting abilities.     

A representation of the polarization term in the interaction energy between a molecule and a point-like charge

The interaction energy of a molecule M with a point-like charge q can be partitioned into simpler contributions, two of which can be expressed in terms of the charge distribution _M of the sole M. The first term, qV(r), represents the interaction of q with the undistorted charge _M ⁰ of M while the second q ² P(r) gives the additional contributions due to the polarization of _M ⁰ under the influence of the charge q placed at the point r. In this paper we investigate the possibility of getting an inexpensive and sufficiently accurate analytical representation of P(r) over the whole space outside the van der Waals volume of M.     

能源转换演示装置的设计

针对高中化学教材中提到的新能源问题,探索设计了可将太阳能转化为电能,电能转化为化学能,化学能转化为电能,电能转化为热能的能源转换演示装置。通过该实验的演示,可以让学生直观地感受到几种能量之间的转化过程,可供教学参考和借鉴。     

Influence of multivalent ions on power production from mixing salt and fresh water with a reverse electrodialysis system

Reverse electrodialysis is a membrane-based technique for production of sustainable electricity from controlled mixing of a diluted electrolyte solution (e.g., river water) and a concentrated electrolyte solution (e.g., sea water). Reverse electrodialysis has been investigated with pure sodium chloride solutions. In practice, however, in most cases also other ions are present in both feed solutions. In the present paper, the effect of multivalent ions on the performance of a reverse electrodialysis stack was investigated. Results show that, besides a higher stack resistance in presence of multivalent ions, especially the presence of multivalent ions in the dilute solution has a lowering effect on the stack voltage. This can be explained by an observed transport of these ions from the diluted electrolyte solution to the concentrated electrolyte solution. In order to prevent or hamper this transport against the activity gradient, monovalent-selective membranes can be used. This shows indeed better results with respect to the stack voltage. Therefore, it would be beneficial to use monovalent-selective membranes in reverse electrodialysis, especially in the case of a relatively high content of multivalent ions in the dilute (i.e., in the first stages of the installation where the sodium chloride content in the dilute is still relatively low).     

Synthesis of Imines via Reactions of Benzyl Alcohol with Amines Using Half‐Sandwich (η6‐p‐cymene) Ruthenium(II) Complexes Stabilised by 2‐aminofluorene Derivatives

A new class of half‐sandwich (η⁶‐p‐cymene) ruthenium(II) complexes supported by 2‐aminofluorene derivatives [Ru(η⁶‐p‐cymene)(Cl)(L)] ( L  = 2‐(((9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)phenol ( L ¹ ), 2‐(((9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)‐3‐methoxyphenol ( L ² ), 1‐(((9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)imino)methyl)naphthalene‐2‐ol ( L ³ ) and N‐((1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)methylene)‐9H‐fluorene‐2‐amine ( L ⁴ )) were synthesized. All compounds were fully characterized by analytical and spectroscopic techniques (IR, UV–Vis, NMR) and also by mass spectrometry. The solid state molecular structures of the complexes [Ru(η⁶‐p‐cymene)(Cl)(L²)], [Ru(η⁶‐p‐cymene)(Cl)(L³)] and [Ru(η⁶‐p‐cymene)(Cl)(L⁴)] revealed that the 2‐aminofluorene and p‐cymene moieties coordinate to ruthenium(II) in a three‐legged piano‐stool geometry. The synthesized complexes were used as catalysts for the dehydrogenative coupling of benzyl alcohol with a range of amines (aliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic). The reactions were carried out under thermal heating, ultrasound and microwave assistance, using solvent or solvent free conditions, and the catalytic performance was optimized regarding the solvent, the type of base, the catalyst loading and the temperature. Moderately high to very high isolated yields were obtained using [Ru(η⁶‐p‐cymene)(Cl)(L⁴)] at 1 mol%. In general, microwave irradiation produced better yields than the other two techniques irrespective of the nature of the substituents.     

Electron impact ionization of amines using crossed electron-molecular beams

Ionization energy functions of triethyl amine, tri-n-propyl amine, N,N-dimethyl-benzenamine and N,N-diethyl-benzenamine, and appearance energy functions of major products of dissociative ionization have been measured using a high sensitivity crossed electron beam-molecular beam apparatus incorporating a quadrupole mass spectrometer and an on-line laboratory computer. The data obtained is useful in understanding the role of dopants in gas laser plasmas.     

太阳能光解水制氢的研究进展

本文概述了利用光催化技术催化分解水制氢的反应机理和研究进展。结合作者的最近研究,重点描述了TiO2及过渡金属氧化物,层状金属氧化物以及某些能利用可见光的光催化材料的结构和光催化特性,阐述了核课题的意义和今后的研究方向。     

First principle calculations study of AlN surface terminal structure evolution under different conditions

The surface structure and properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) play an important role in many applications. Using the first principle calculations method, we analyzed the surface terminal structure of AlN and its evolution under different conditions by determining the surface energy, adsorption energy, and evaporation energy of the Al and N terminals on the AlN(0001) surface. Our results show that the reason why the N terminal is less stable than the Al terminal is not only because of its high surface energy but also because its adsorption performance is extremely sensitive to the adsorption position. The surface N atoms combine to form N₂ molecules that escape during the evaporation process at high temperature. After surface N atoms escape, the AlN surface structure reconstitutes to form a hexagonal closest packing (HCP)–like structure, and the energy barrier for the reconstructing process is 3.2 eV. This shows that the structure and form of the AlN(0001) terminals depend on the environmental conditions.