用穆斯堡尔谱研究镧改性铁催化剂的表面氧化性能

用穆斯堡尔谱研究镧改性铁催化剂的表面氧化性能周钰明（东南大学化学化工系，南京２１００９６）张爱民，丁莹如（南京大学化学系，南京２１００９３）关键词氧化镧改性，氧化作用，氧化铁催化剂，氢，一氧化碳在催化反应中，反应物分子首先吸附到催化剂表面，催化剂活性...     

氧化铈和氧化镧在汽车尾气净化催化剂中的应用

阐述了稀土元素应用于汽车尾气净化催化剂的意义，讨论了氧化铈和氧化镧的催化作用机制及其影响因素，并对其发展前景进行了展望。汽车尾气净化普遍使用铂铑基贵金属三元催化剂。为了解决Pt，Rh的供需矛盾，应用稀土(氧化铈和氧化镧)作为添加剂，降低Pt，Rh用量、扩大Pd基催化剂应用是研究开发的热点。据研究，氧化铈和氧化镧催化作用机制主要是提高活性涂层的催化活性，自动调节空气燃料比和助催化作用，并能提高载体的热稳定性和机械强度等性能。影响氧化铈和氧化镧催化性能的因素主要为共助作用、添加方法、ZrO2，CuO，AgO等其他氧化物的协同作用。     

稀土对磷钒催化剂性能的影响

用Ｘ射线粉末衍射，Ｘ光电子能谱和氨－程序升温脱附等方法研究了添加稀土元素后磷钒催化剂的晶相组成及表面性质。将催化剂应用于正丁烷选择氧化制备顺酐，用固定床反应器对催化剂活性进行了评价。     

添加氧化镧对镍催化剂上一氧化碳甲烷化反应的影响

用脉冲热重差热法及程序升温脱附法研究了添加氧化镧对镍催化剂催化一氧化碳甲烷化反应的影响。结果表明,氧化镧对氧化镍的还原温度没有显著影响。它使无载体的镍催化剂的金属镍表面积稍有降低,但可使Ni/γ-Al_2O_3的镍表面积增加。氧化镧使吸附在镍上的一氧化碳发生解离和岐化反应能力增加,但使氢在镍上的吸附强度减弱。由这两种作用的综合结果,使得添加氧化镧之后的镍催化剂对一氧化碳甲烷化催化反应的转化频率没有显著变化。     

原位红外光谱研究镧对负载钯催化剂上甲醇车尾气氧化机理的影响

在色谱微反装置上考察了负载Pd催化剂的甲醇深度氧化性能.结果表明,在γ氧化铝载体中,添加镧对负载Pd催化剂催化活性和选择性影响较大,甲醇氧化含氧中间物含量大大降低.利用insituFTIR技术测定了镧改性后的负载Pd催化剂表面的吸附物种和表面的程序升温反应,对负载Pd催化剂甲醇深度氧化反应机理进行了探讨.     

苯酚在Ln—ZrO2催化剂上直接氧化制取邻苯二酚地研究

以Ｌｎ－ＺｒＯ２作为苯酚选择氧化催化剂，用过氧化氢氧化，得到邻苯二酚选择性高达８５．７％的良好结果，添加稀土元素镧，钕的氧化锆催化剂的单纯的二氧化钛催化剂相比，邻苯二酚选择性分别提高了７３．５％和６７．８％。     

苯酚在Ln-ZrO_2催化剂上直接氧化制取邻苯二酚的研究

以ＬｎＺｒＯ２作为苯酚选择氧化催化剂，用过氧化氢氧化，得到邻苯二酚选择性高达８５７％的良好结果，添加稀土元素镧、钕的氧化锆催化剂与单纯的二氧化钛催化剂相比，邻苯二酚选择性分别提高了７３５％和６７８％。     

中国稀土科技文献索引

中国稀土科技文献索引（１９９５）应用２９４镧对磷钒催化剂性能的影响，李铭岫等，催化学报，１９９５，１６（４），３２０２９５微波热效应合成（Ｙ，Ｇｄ）ＢＯ３∶Ｅｕ３＋荧光体，李沅英等，发光学报，１９９５，１６（３），２６１２９６钴酸锶镧阴极的性能及...     

氧化镧催化剂上的低温甲烷氧化偶联反应

 采用沉淀法制备了氧化镧催化剂,并考察其催化低温甲烷氧化偶联反应的性能. 催化剂性能测试结果表明,在723 K, CH4/O2摩尔比=3和GHSV=7500 ml/(g·h)的条件下,甲烷的转化率和C2的选择性分别达26.6%和40.8%, 比商品化氧化镧催化剂的启动温度低100 K. 催化剂的表征结果表明,沉淀法制备的氧化镧催化剂与商品化的氧化镧催化剂都为六方晶相的氧化镧,但前者具有较大的比表面积,并且在598 K处出现一个明显的O2脱附峰.     

钒磷氧合成条件对丁烷选择性氧化催化性能的影响

正丁烷氧化制备顺酐是低碳烷烃高值化利用的典型代表,钒磷氧(VPO)催化剂是该反应唯一的工业催化剂。通过调控有机相法合成过程中还原时间、回流时间和磷钒物质的量比3种实验参数,合成系列VPO催化剂,结合多种分析手段,探索合成条件对催化剂结构的影响规律,获得精细调控催化剂合成的方法和最优条件,催化正丁烷选择性氧化反应,转化率可达93.8%,顺酐收率达62.4%。进而精准构筑VPO催化剂,揭示VPO催化正丁烷选择性氧化制顺酐反应中的构效关系。     

掺杂Pr对VPO催化剂性质的影响

在ＶＰＯ催化剂中添加Ｐｒ，用ＸＲＤ，ＬＲＳ，ＸＰＳ，ＥＳＲ和＾３１Ｐ固体核磁共振考察了催化剂的相组成和钒的氧化态，用ＮＨ３－ＴＰＤ和吡啶吸会原位红外光谱表征了催化剂表面的酸量。将催化剂应用于正丁烷选择氧化生成顺酐的反应中，实验结果表明，当Ｐｒ／Ｖ原子比＝０．０５时，活性相（ＶＯ）２Ｐ２Ｏ７的量增加，表面酸性增强，正丁烷转化率和生成顺酐的选择性都有所提高，而Ｐｒ／Ｖ≥０．１０时，（ＶＯ）２Ｐ２Ｏ７的     

Molecular characterization of maleic anhydride-functionalized polypropylene

This work deals with the molecular characterization of maleic anhydride melt-functionalized polypropylene (PP-g-MA). The functionalization mechanism, the nature, the concentration, and the location of grafted anhydride species onto the polypropylene chain are discussed. The polypropylene functionalization was performed using a pre-heated Brabender Plastograph (190°C, 4 min of mixing time). Several concentrations of maleic anhydride and organic peroxide were used for this study. In those experimental conditions, the organic peroxide undergoes an homolytic rupture and carries out a polypropylene tertiary hydrogen abstraction. The resulting macroradical undergoes a β-scission leading to a radical chain end which reacts with maleic anhydride. When a termination reaction occurs at this first step a succinic type anhydride chain end is obtained. However, oligomerization of maleic anhydride is found to occur more frequently leading to poly (maleic anhydride) chain end. Concentration of both anhydride types and minimal length of the grafted poly (maleic anhydride) were determined. A fraction of maleic anhydride does not react with polypropylene or homopolymerize leading to nongrafted poly (maleic anhydride). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Effect of the initial maleic anhydride content on the grafting of maleic anhydride onto isotactic polypropylene

A series of ¹³C‐enriched maleic anhydride grafted isotactic polypropylene samples were prepared in solution at 170 °C by changes in the initial maleic anhydride content. The NMR spectra of the samples showed that the signals of the maleic anhydride attached to the tertiary carbons of the isotactic polypropylene chains increased considerably with increasing maleic anhydride content, whereas the signals of the maleic anhydride on the radical chain ends (with a single bond) arising from β scission did not. On the other hand, the signals of the maleic anhydride on the radical chain ends with double bonds increased markedly with increasing maleic anhydride content, and this suggested that β scission could occur extensively after maleic anhydride was attached to the tertiary carbons. As a result, the molecular weight of the grafted polypropylene decreased significantly with increasing maleic anhydride content in this study. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5529–5534, 2005     

Synthesis,characterization, and degradation behaviors of poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) modified by maleic anhydride and ethanediamine

In order to improve hydrophilicity and settle the acidity in hydrolysis, a novel ethanediamine (EDA) and maleic anhydride (MAH) modified poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) polymer (EMPLGA) was synthesized. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR), Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1HNMR), titration and the water contact angles were employed to characterize the synthesized polymer. The effects of various polymerization conditions on weight average molecular mass (Mw), polydispersity index (PDI) and anhydride content of MPLGA were investigated. The degradation behaviors of PLGA, MPLA and EMPLGA were also studied by observation of the changes of the pH value of incubation medium, molecular weight and weight loss ratio for a time interval of 25 days in-vitro, respectively. The results showed that MPLGA with high anhydride content was successfully obtained by directly ring-opening polymerization and ethanediamine was further grafted onto MPLGA, and there is almost unchanged in Mw between MPLGA and EMPLGA polymers. The introduction of anhydride and amino groups improved the hydrophilicity of PLGA. A uniform degradation of EMPLGA was observed in comparison with an acidity-induced auto-accelerating degradation featured by PLGA and MPLGA. The results revealed that the introduction of ethanediamine into PLGA has weakened or neutralized the acidity of PLGA degradation products.     

以马来酸酐为原料催化合成富马酸二甲酯

用马来酸酐与甲醇为原料,在浓盐酸为主的复合催化剂的作用下,经一步反应合成富马酸二甲酯.讨论了催化剂用量、酯化时间、异构时间、醇与酸酐比等因素对反应的影响.最适宜的反应条件为:n(甲醇):n(酸酐)=4:1,异构时间0.7h,酯化时间4h,催化剂用量为马来酸酐质量的3.5%.     

Effect of Bismuth Additives on the Properties of Vanadium–Phosphorus Oxide Catalyst in the Partial Oxidation of n-Pentane

The selective oxidation of n-pentane on vanadium–phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts with bismuth additives (Bi/V = 0–0.30) is studied. The catalysts are characterized by XRD, XPS, and specific surface area measurements using nitrogen adsorption. Their acidic properties are studied (using ammonia TPD and the 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol reaction). It was found that the introduction of bismuth insignificantly affects the specific surface area but increases the surface concentration of phosphorus and changes the acidic properties of the catalysts. The specific catalytic activity of samples in n-pentane oxidation correlates with the effective charge of surface oxygen (E _b of O1s electrons). The selectivity to citraconic anhydride increases with an increase in the general surface acidity. The selectivity to maleic anhydride increases with an increase in the Brønsted acidity of the surface. The selectivity to phthalic anhydride increases with an increase in the Lewis acidity. The pathways of product formation in the partial oxidation of n-pentane are proposed.     

脂环族酸酐在不同极性气相色谱柱上的性能研究

研究了甲基四氢苯酐、甲基六氢苯酐、萜烯马来酸酐及氢化萜烯马来酸酐等脂族酸酐在HP-1、HP-5、OV-17和FFAP四种不同极性毛细管色谱柱上的色谱性能。分析结果表明,这四种脂环族酸酐均能在OV-17毛细管色谱柱上获得很好的峰形和分离效果。     

Photometric determination of maleic anhydride in maleinized adducts

A procedure is developed for the determination of maleic anhydride in maleinized adducts based on natural oils by the reaction yielding molecular complexes of 2-methylimidazole and maleic anhydride in dimethyl sulfoxide. The procedure can be used for the determination of maleic anhydride in polymers based on a mixture of anhydrides in the presence of acid.     

Laser-initiated polymerization of epoxies in the presence of maleic anhydride

Laser-initiated polymerization of cyclohexene oxide in the presence of maleic anhydride was investigated. The influences of solvents laser irradiation time and the monomer feed ratio on the polymer yield and composition were evaluated. The rate of polymerization increased with an increase in the molar concentration of maleic anhydride in the monomer feed. Short irradiation times of 1–3 min duration gave very high yield of epoxy polymer (>80% conversion). Infrared spectral studies of the polymer product indicated the formation of polyether linkage at lower levels of conversion and an adduct of polyether and maleic anhydride at higher polymer conversions. The quantitative chemical analyses results also showed similar results. The results indicated that the polymerization was initiated by the excited charge transfer complex between the electron donor, cyclohexane oxide, and the electron acceptor–maleic anhydride. In the initial stages of polymerization, cyclohexene oxide undergoes a cationic polymerization in the presence of the radical anion of maleic anhydride. Laser-initiated polymerization of cyclohexene oxide/maleic anhydride is several hundred times more efficient than UV-initiated polymerization, as measured by the energy absorbed by the polymer system.     

Synthesis of the Biomimetic Polymer： Aliphatic Diamine and RGDS Modified Poly（d,l-lactic acid）

A novel poly（d, /-lactic acid） （PDLLA） based biomimetic polymer was synthesized by grafting maleic anhydride, butanediamine and arg-gly-asp-ser （RGDS） peptides onto the backbone of PDLLA, aiming to overcome the acidity and auto-accelerating degradation of PDLLA during degradation and to improve its biospecificity and biocompatibility. The synthetic copolymer was characterized by FTIR, ^13C NMR and amino acid analyzer （AAA）.