铜/手性磷酸催化烯烃不对称自由基胺芳基化

含β-芳基/α-季碳中心的吡咯烷是一类重要的手性吡咯烷类化合物.目前该类化合物的不对称合成主要是通过钯催化含氮烯烃底物与各类芳基前体的不对称胺芳基化反应来实现的.在这里报道了一种反应机理不同于上述反应的不对称胺芳基化新方法.利用本课题组之前发展的一价铜/手性磷酸组成的金属手性阴离子单电子催化体系成功实现了含氮烯烃底物与芳基重氮盐的不对称自由基的胺芳基化反应,以中等收率和中等至良好的对映选择性得到含β-芳基/α-季碳中心的吡咯烷类化合物.     

不对称双酸催化3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃的反电子Hetero-Diels-Alder反应

研究了双酸催化剂不对称催化烯醚和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的反电子Hetero-Diels-Alder (HDA)反应, 为手性合成3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃类化合物提供了一种新的催化合成方法. InBr₃与手性磷酸钙盐Ca(1c)₂组合的手性双路易斯酸催化体系能够有效催化3,4-二氢-2H-吡喃和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的反电子HDA反应, 反应给出优秀的产率(最高达98%), 中等到良好的非对映选择性(最高达89:11)和良好到优秀的对映选择性(最高可达94%). 并且该双酸催化体系也能成功实现其它烯醚(如: 2,3-二氢-2H-呋喃, 乙烯基乙醚)的HDA反应, 获得优秀的非对映选择性(>94:6)和良好的对映选择性.     

铟(I)/手性磷酸催化简单烯烃与β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的不对称[4+2]环加成反应

报道了In（I）Cl/手性磷酸1a双酸体系催化的简单烯烃和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的不对称[4+2]环加成反应,可高产率、高选择性（最高99：1dr,99%ee）生成相应的exo-[4+2]环加成产物.InCl和磷酸的协同作用是反应成功的关键,单独使用InCl和磷酸都不能催化反应进行.     

Lewis酸对氮杂环卡宾协同催化体系中反应途径的调控

该研究基于氮杂环卡宾（N-heterocyclic carbene,NHC）新颖的协同催化策略,通过Lewis酸共催化剂调控反应具体途径.从α,β-不饱和醛类化合物出发,立足于多反应位点的高烯醇中间体,与氯化镁协作实现高对映选择性的质子转移历程,构建β-手性酯类产物;在相似的反应体系中与氯化钌协作实现高效的空气氧化,构建α,β-不饱和酯类化合物.这两个迥异的反应途径对底物均有较好的官能团容忍性,以高转化率得到目标产物.     

铑和手性螺环磷酸协同催化α-芳基重氮酮对醇的O-H键的不对称插入反应

过渡金属催化卡宾对O-H键的不对称插入反应是合成手性醇及其衍生物的直接方法.近年来,人们发展了多种手性催化剂实现了重氮酯衍生的金属卡宾对醇、酚、羧酸甚至水的O-H键的高对映选择性插入反应,但是重氮酮作为卡宾前体的不对称O-H键插入反应鲜有成功的例子.以非手性双铑络合物和手性螺环磷酸组成的协同催化体系,首次实现了α-重氮酮对醇的O-H键的不对称插入反应,获得了较高的收率和高达95%ee的对映选择性.反应为手性α-烷氧基酮这类重要手性化合物提供了高效的合成方法.还通过密度泛函理论计算,对反应机理进行了初步研究,发现水很可能参与了手性磷酸促进的烯醇中间体质子转移过程.     

毛细管气相色谱法分离2-苯基羧酸酯对映体

手性2-芳基羧酸酯是制备手性非甾体抗炎药物2-芳基羧酸的重要的中间体,为了建立可用于2-苯基羧酸酯对映体分离的手性毛细管气相色谱法(CGC),分别使用2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-丁酰基-β-环糊精及2,6-二-O-苄基-3-O-庚酰基-β-环糊精作毛细管气相色谱手性固定相,研究了其对2-苯基丁酸甲酯、2-苯基丁酸乙酯、2-苯基丁酸异丙酯、2-苯基丙酸甲酯及2-苯基丙酸环戊酯等5种2-苯基羧酸酯对映体的分离能力。结果表明,用2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-丁酰基-β-环糊精及2,6-二-O-苄基-3-O-庚酰基-β-环糊精作手性固定相的毛细管气相色谱法可以分离2-苯基丁酸甲酯、2-苯基丙酸甲酯和2-苯基丙酸环戊酯对映体。2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-丁酰基-β-环糊精对3种2-苯基羧酸酯对映体的分离能力超过了2,6-二-O-苄基-3-O-庚酰基-β-环糊精。     

金鸡纳碱奎尼丁催化含苯并噻唑基团亚胺与丙二酸酯Mannich反应机理研究

手性催化剂奎尼丁催化丙二酸乙酯与苯并噻唑亚胺的不对称Mannich反应机理研究, 对β-氨基酸酯类衍生物合成具有重要的指导意义. 采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的M06-2X方法, 通过精确计算: (1)确定了奎尼丁催化剂催化活性位点为9位碳上的羟基和位于1位的叔氮原子; (2) S构型反应过渡态能量比R构型反应过渡态能量低, 反应产物以S构型为主; (3)计算进一步表明较低温度有助于提高反应的立体选择性. 计算结果与实验数据相符, 反应获得S构型的β-氨基酸酯类衍生物, 其ee可达到 81%～95%.     

1,2-苯基异噁唑为氮源的铜催化苯乙烯不对称硼胺化

报道了一种以手性亚砜膦配体/铜络合物为催化剂的苯乙烯不对称硼胺化反应.该方法以联硼酸频哪醇酯（B₂pin₂）为硼源,以商业可得的1,2-苯基异噁唑为亲电氮源,合成了一类β-氨基硼酸酯类化合物,目标产物可以方便地转化为β-硼酯伯胺化合物,为结构多样的手性氨基化合物合成提供了一条技术途径.     

1,4-二烯和醛的烯丙基碳氢不对称烷基化反应

利用钯配合物、有机胺和手性布朗斯特酸三元催化剂体系实现了α-取代丙醛参与的1,4-二烯烃的烯丙基碳氢不对称烷基化反应,以良好的产率、优良的区域选择性和立体选择性得到了结构多样的手性α-羰基化合物.此外发现非手性膦配体对钯配合物的催化活性和反应的选择性有十分显著的影响,为后续相关研究提供了新的思路.     

气相中环糊精与甘氨酰-苯丙氨酰-苯丙氨酸和甘氨酸三肽非共价复合物的质谱研究

为了探索环糊精和寡肽的非共价相互作用, 一定化学计量比的α-, β-, γ-环糊精(CD)分别和甘氨酸三肽(GGG)、甘氨酰-苯丙氨酰-苯丙氨酸三肽(GFF)在室温下反应达到平衡并用正离子模式质谱检测. 实验结果显示GGG, GFF均可以和α-, β-, γ-CD生成1:1配合比的非共价复合物. 碰撞诱导解离实验进一步验证了α-, β-, γ-CD与GGG, GFF非共价复合物的形成. 质谱滴定法测得的结合常数结果表明环糊精和两种三肽形成非共价复合物的结合强度均按照γ-, β-, γ-CD的次序逐渐增大. GGG和α-, β-, γ-CD复合物的结合常数分别为2799.96, 2528.73, 1697.11 L·mol^-1, GFF和α-, β-, γ-CD复合物的结合常数分别为2773.94, 2134.03, 1330.68 L·mol^-1. 对于α-, β-或γ-CD, 含有苯基的GFF+CD复合物的结合强度要小于相应的脂肪族的GGG+CD复合物, 表明虽然在气相GFF+CD复合物的构象与溶液中的构象有所变化, 但是苯基仍然参与和环糊精疏水腔体的键合作用.     

应用先进光谱技术研究无机离子的环境界面化学

发生在环境界面的吸附-解吸和氧化-还原等反应对于污染物在环境介质间传输、转化以及归趋起着重要的调控作用。传统的研究方法虽然可以在实验室模拟并进而描述污染物环境界面过程,但是不能揭示界面反应机制,限制了对污染物环境界面行为的认识。近二十年来,各种谱学技术(例如X射线吸收精细结构和傅里叶红外光谱等)应用于环境界面反应的研究,推动了这一领域研究的发展,特别是在分子水平研究污染物的环境界面过程。通过现代光/波谱技术原位分析,可以实时获取界面反应的定量与结构信息,从而更准确地判断反应机制,极大促进了对污染物在多介质环境界面迁移转化规律的认识。本文将在概述环境界面化学反应的基础上,针对无机离子在环境界面的反应过程,重点介绍几种关键光/波谱技术(X射线吸收精细结构光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、拉曼光谱、核磁共振谱和穆斯堡尔谱等)在环境界面化学研究中的应用,并展望其在环境界面过程研究中的应用前景。     

ICP-MS的KED模式测定磷酸加王水复溶土壤样品中的二十种金属元素

在研究锗测定时,磷酸先溶解样品,后加入王水复溶,可同时测定锂、铍、钪、钒、铬、钴、镍、铜、锌、锗、钼、镉、钡、镧、铈、钨、铊、铅、钍和铀元素。研究ICP-MS的最佳测量模式、最佳工作状态,以铑为内标校正仪器的漂移。通过选择高、中、低几个国家一级水系沉积物和土壤标准物质随同样品一起实验溶解建立标准曲线,消除消解、分取、定容中带来的不确定误差和基体干扰,选择8个土壤标准物质为实验样本。最终结果表明,该实验方法准确度(ΔlgC)小于0.1,精密度(RSD)小于8%,该方法满足测定要求,适用于地质普通样品的多金属检测。#$NL     

Bestimmung von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs in NBS-Ochsenleber, Blutplasma und Erythrocyten durch INAA und AAS

Zusammenfassung Der Gehalt von Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb und Cs wurde in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten von sechs Normalpersonen mittels der instrumentellen Neutronenaktivierungsanalyse und der flammenlosen Absorptionsspektrometrie (Cu) bestimmt. Zur Überprüfung der Richtigkeit wurde der NBS-Standard 1577, Ochsenleber, verwendet. Die erhaltenen Resultate für Elemente mit höheren Gehalten (Fe, Cu, Zn) liegen weitgehend im Bereich der bisher veröffentlichten Daten. Bei Elementen mit kleineren Gehalten (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) liegen unsere Werte in dem unteren Bereich oder darunter. Für diese Elemente wurden in Blutplasma und in Erythrocyten (hier bezogen auf Trockenmasse) die folgenden Mittelwerte ermittelt: Für Co 0,22 ±0,14 ng/ml, 0,59±0,23 ng/g, für Se 103±18 ng/ml, 401±29 ng/g, für Rb 167±36 ng/ml, 12,1±2,5 g/g und für Cs 0,88±0,18 ng/ml, 13,0±5,7 ng/g.

---

Determination of Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Rb and Cs in NBS Bovine Liver, blood plasma and erythrocytes by INAA and AAS

Summary The content of the above elements has been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes of six normal persons by instrumental neutron activation analysis and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry (Cu). The over-all accuracy of these techniques was checked by using the NBS standard 1577, Bovine Liver. The results obtained for elements of higher content (Fe, Cu, Zn) are essentially in the range of other published data. However, our results for elements occurring with lower contents (Co, Se, Rb, Cs) are in agreement with the lowest values of the published data and in some cases they are even significantly below these. For these elements, the following contents have been determined in blood plasma and in erythrocytes (here related to dry weight): for Co 0.22±0.14 ng/ml and 0.59±0.23 ng/g, for Se 103±18 ng/ml and 401±29 ng/g, for Rb 167 ±36 ng/ml and 12.1±2.5 g/g and for Cs 0.88 ±0.18 ng/ml and 13.0±5.7 ng/g, respectively.

Diese Arbeit wurde durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft gefördert.Dem Kernforschungszentrum danken wir für den Erlaß der Bestrahlungskosten.Herrn Dr. med. K. Spenger sind wir für die Mitwirkung bei der Blutentnahme und für wertvolle Diskussion dankbar.     

Phosphorescence of aromatic molecules in complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin at room temperature

The rate constants for the quenching by oxygen of triplet states of aromatic molecules (naphthalenes-d₈ and-h₈, phenanthrene) forming inclusion complexes with crystalline β-cyclodextrin in water at 290 K are equal to 900–1300 L mol⁻¹s⁻¹. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1450–1453, August, 1997.     

Direct benzylic functionalization of pyridines:Palladium-catalyzed mono-α-arylation of α-(2-pyridinyl)acetates with heteroaryl halides

Herein,we report a Pd-catalyzed mono-a-arylation reaction for pyridine benzylic functionalization.This approach serves as an efficient alternative to synthesize di-heteroaryl acetates in good yields and selectivities.Moreover,the method is applicable to heteroa ryl substrate combinations,and exhibits great functional group tolerance.A streamlined protocol also enables the rapid synthesis of diheteroaryl ketones.The synthetic value was also demonstrated by scale-up experiments.     

DC discharge in an alternating magnetic field as excitation source in emission spectroscopy

Summary The experimental study of the behaviour of a dc discharge in an alternating magnetic field is described. The lower electrode (anode) is a horizontally located chamber electrode. The alternating magnetic field causes oscillations along the lower electrode axis so that the oscillating arc can equably heat the anode. The axial distribution of the spectral line intensities for lead, bismuth, mercury, cadmium, tin and antimony is investigated. The intensity distributions are studied for near-to-cathode and near-to-anode regions of the discharge. The detection limits obtained for pure conditions show that the effects of chamber electrodes and of double arc could be achieved by means of a relatively simple technique.

---

Ein Gleichstrombogen im Wechselmagnetfeld als Anregungsquelle in der Emissionsspektrographie

Zusammenfassung Untersuchungen über das Verhalten eines Gleichstrombogens in einem Wechselmagnetfeld werden beschrieben. Die untere Elektrode (Anode) ist eine horizontale Kammerelektrode. Das Wechselmagnetfeld verursacht Bogenschwingungen entlang der Achse der unteren Elektrode und ermöglicht dadurch deren gleichmäßige Heizung. Die axiale Verteilung der Linienintensitäten von Blei, Bismut, Quecksilber, Cadmium, Zinn und Antimon wurde für beide Elektroden untersucht. Die berechneten Nachweisgrenzen zeigen, daß die Wirkung der Kammerelektrode und des Doppelbogens mit einfachen Mitteln erreicht werden kann.

     

Determination of Violet Covasol as a cosmetic dye in water samples by a CPE-Scanometry method

The trace amounts of Violet Covasol as a cosmetic dye was determined by an efficient cloud point extraction-Scanometry(CPE-Scanometry) method. This method has many advantages such as novelty,facility, high speed, sensitivity, low cost and safety. The method is based on the CPE of an analyte from an aqueous solution, diluting the extracted surfactant-rich phase with ethanol, transferring to Plexiglas~cell and scanning of the cells containing the analyte solution with a scanner and measuring the RGB parameters with software written in visual basic(VB 6) media. Parameters impacting the extraction efficiency such as p H of the system, the concentration of surfactant, equilibration temperature and time were optimized. Detection limit(DL), relative standard deviation(RSD) and linear range for the proposed method are 0.026, 0.71 and 0.16–6.6 μg m L ~(-1)respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Violet Covasol dye in several water samples, including a water sample containing the dye as a tracer(to investigate subsurface water movement).     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation and Simultaneous Determination of Uric Acid,Xanthine, Hypoxanthine and Dopamine Based on β-Cyclodextrin Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A novel covalently modified glassy carbon electrode with β-cyclodextrin was prepared via electropolymerization technique for the simultaneous determination of uric acid(UA), xanthine(XA), hypoxanthine(HX) and dopamine(DA). This new electrode presented an excellent electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of UA, XA, HX and DA by cyclic voltammetry(CV) method. The oxidation peaks of the four compounds were well defined and had the enhanced peak currents. The separation potentials of the oxidation peaks for DA-UA, UA-XA and XA-HX were 150, 390 and 360 mV in CV, respectively. By means of differential pulse voltammetry(DPV) method, the calibration curves in the ranges of 10-225, 5-105, 10-170 and 5-150 μmol/L were obtained for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The lowest detection limits(S/N=3) were 5, 1.25, 5 and 1.5 μmol/L for UA, XA, HX and DA, respectively. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by the determination of DA in hydrochloride injection and UA, XA, HX in human urine samples.     

Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of 3-phenyl-4-substituted-β-carbolines

A new class of 3-phenyl-4-substituted-β-carbolines via iodine-mediated electrophilic cyclization as key step were synthesized and their inhibitory activity against three tumor cell lines was evaluated in vitro.It was found that some of the tested compounds showed better cytotoxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cells than harmine.