全自动定量胶束电动毛细管色谱检测化妆品中5种防腐剂

研制了一套全自动高精度可控温定量毛细管电泳仪,通过引入10 n L的进样阀实现定量进样,配合自主研制的自动进样系统和恒温液冷系统,以提高毛细管电泳的定量重复性和准确性。采用全自动定量胶束电动毛细管色谱(q MEKC)测定市售化妆品中苯甲酸、对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(MP)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(EP)、对羟基苯甲酸丙酯(PP)、对羟基苯甲酸丁酯(BP)5种防腐剂的含量,优化了分析条件。以15 mmol/L硼砂-100 mmol/L SDS混合溶液(p H 9.3)为背景电解质溶液,工作电压为20 k V,5种防腐剂在该条件下得到了良好的分离和定量结果,峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)小于2%。该方法快速、准确,对于化妆品中防腐剂的限用量控制具有重要意义。     

胶束电动毛细管电泳法测定β-内酰胺类抗生素

采用胶束电动毛细管电泳(MEKC)法测定多种β-内酰胺类抗生素及舒巴坦的含量。电泳运行缓冲液为20 mmol/L硼砂缓冲液(pH9.5),十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)38 mmol/L。8种药物在15m in内达到基线分离。选择苯巴比妥作为内标,各组分浓度在50~600 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数为0.9932~0.9993;检出限4.8~26 mg/L;进样精密度RSD 3.0%~5.6%;对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦制剂进行含量测定,回收率为100%~106%,含量测定结果与HPLC方法所得结果没有显著性差异。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法检测红曲米中的莫纳可林K

建立了测定红曲米中莫纳可林K含量的胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)方法。考察了运行缓冲液的种类、pH及其浓度、有机添加剂、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的浓度和分离电压等实验条件对电泳分离效果及检测灵敏度的影响。在优化的实验条件下,以20 mmol/L硼砂(pH 10.6,含10%(体积分数)乙醇和40 mmol/L SDS)作为缓冲溶液,莫纳可林K能在23 min内实现很好的基线分离,线性范围为5.00～100.00 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.9976,检出限(以信噪比(S/N)为3计)为0.13 mg/L,加标回收率为98.5%～99.5%。精密度和稳定性试验中,峰面积和迁移时间的相对标准偏差均小于3%,表明重复性良好。该方法简便、快速、灵敏,可用于红曲米中莫纳可林K含量的测定。     

微乳液毛细管电动色谱研究

本文研究了两组混合样的微乳液毛细管电动色谱(MEEKC)分离, 较系统地研究了微乳液的内相, 助表面活性剂及其浓度对电动分离的迁移时间、柱效及时间窗的影响, 并与胶束毛细管电动色谱(MEKC)分离进行了比较, 选用由80mmol/L正辛烷-120mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠-900mmol/L正丁醇-10mmol/L硼砂组成的微乳液, 样品组分电动色谱迁移时间的RSD<0.8%, 峰面积RSD<3.0%.     

在线液液液微萃取-电动流动分析系统测定水中挥发酚类化合物总量

采用在线液液液微萃取(LLLME)富集净化和电动流动分析(EFA)系统测定水中挥发酚类化合物折合苯酚总量.EFA系统由一台自制电渗泵和4个电磁切换阀组成,计算机控制泵运作和阀切换.结果表明:在聚丙烯中空纤维膜壁上涂十二醇液膜,管内充10 μL 0.25 mol/L NaOH反萃液,试样以2.0 mL/min流量流经萃取通道7.5次循环,1.0 mL样品体积的富集倍数为53,分析时间为 9 min,挥发酚类化合物折合浓度线性范围为9.4×10-3～5.7 mg/L苯酚,检出限为3 μg/L苯酚,远低于一和二级污水排放中挥发酚类化合物的最大允许量;6.0 mL样品体积的富集倍数为300,挥发酚类化合物折合浓度线性范围为1.7×10-3～1.0 mg/L苯酚,检出限为0.6 μg/L苯酚,低于Ⅰ和Ⅱ类地面水中挥发酚类化合物的最大允许量.     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法同时测定血清中苯巴比妥、苯妥英钠和卡马西平

建立了血清中苯巴比妥、苯妥英钠和卡马西平的胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)分析法。方法以巴比妥钠为内标物,10 mmol/L磷酸氢二钠溶液-30 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠(胶束相)-15%甲醇为缓冲液(pH=8.50),恒定电压18 kV,检测波长210 nm。本法测定苯巴比妥和苯妥英钠两种药物的线性范围为2.5~80μg/mL(r≥0.9990),检出限为0.5μg/mL;测定卡马西平的线性范围为1~32μg/mL(r=0.9999),检出限为1.0μg/mL。方法快速、简便、结果准确,适合于临床应用。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法同时测定复方化学消毒剂及日化产品中邻苯二甲醛、对氯间二甲基苯酚及三氯生

建立了邻苯二甲醛(OPA)、对氯间二甲基苯酚(PCMX)和三氯生3种杀菌剂同时分离测定的胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)新方法。详细研究了影响上述3种杀菌剂同时分离与准确定量的因素: 如分离缓冲溶液的浓度及pH,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、样品缓冲溶液等。以40.2 cm (有效长度: 30 cm)×50 μm未涂层熔融石英毛细管为分离柱,20 mmol/L硼砂-80 mmol/L SDS(无需调pH)为分离缓冲溶液,2 mmol/L硼砂-8 mmol/L SDS (含体积分数为10%甲醇)为样品缓冲溶液,检测波长为214 nm。3种杀菌剂的校正峰面积的相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.1%～ 3.8%范围内,迁移时间的RSD均小于0.9%, OPA、PCMX和三氯生的检出限(LOD,信噪比为3)分别为4.0、0.4、0.4 mg/L,定量限(LOQ,信噪比为10)分别为12、1.2、1.2 mg/L,校正峰面积与相应的质量浓度分别在12～2 000 mg/L、1.2～200 mg/L和1.2～200 mg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9994、0.9993和0.9995。该法前处理简单,可快速、准确地同时测定3种组分,非常适合常规实验室分析。     

胶束电动色谱法测定五维他口服溶液中维生素B_1、B_2、B_6、烟酰胺、泛酸钙与苯甲酸钠

建立了胶束电动色谱(MEKC)法通过波长切换同时测定五维他口服溶液中的维生素B_1、B_2、B_6、烟酰胺、泛酸钙及苯甲酸钠含量的方法,并优化了检测波长、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的浓度、分离电压、缓冲液浓度及pH值等实验条件。最佳分离条件为以未涂渍的标准熔融石英毛细管柱(75μm×50 cm,有效长度42 cm)为分离通道;40 mmol/L硼酸+40 mmol/L硼砂+20 mmol/L SDS(pH 9.0)为运行缓冲液,分离电压20 kV,柱温25℃,检测波长为270 nm(维生素B_1、B_2、B_6、烟酰胺及苯甲酸钠)和200 nm(泛酸钙),电动进样10 kV、进样时间10 s。结果显示,6种化合物可在13 min内实现基线分离,且在一定质量浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数(r)不小于0.998 9;3个加标水平下的平均回收率为97.0%～103%,RSD为0.60%～1.8%。该方法快速、准确,可用于五维他口服溶液中维生素B_1、B_2、B_6、烟酰胺、泛酸钙及苯甲酸钠的含量测定。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定消糖灵中的优降糖

 以甲氧苄氨嘧啶为内标,采用胶束电动毛细管色谱法分离测定了新药消糖灵中的优降糖。电泳条件：以25 mmol/L硼砂-30 mmol/L十二烷基硫酸钠（pH 9.0）为电泳介质,未涂层石英毛细管（50 μm i.d.×39.5 cm,有效分离长度34.8 cm）为分离通道,压力进样(68.95 kPa.s),17 kV恒压电泳（28 ℃）,检测波长228 nm。优降糖在14 min内与其他成分得到很好分离,且质量浓度为25 mg/L～275 mg/L时,优降糖可进行定量分析,加标回收率为(100.6±1.4)%。方法简便、快速,结果准确,重现性好,可用于优降糖复方制剂的质量控制。     

胶束电动毛细管色谱同时测定食品中13种人工合成色素

建立了胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)同时测定食品中10种水溶性和3种脂溶性人工合成色素的分析方法.应用正交法优化了缓冲溶液的pH值、硼酸浓度和SDS加入量,并研究了有机改性剂、分析电压、毛细管温度等对分离的影响.确定最佳电泳条件为:未涂层弹性石英毛细管柱(75 μm×58.5 cm),缓冲溶液为40 mmol/L硼酸-氢氧化钠(pH 9.5),加入20 mmol/L的SDS和30％的乙腈作改性剂,检测波长为220 nm,分析电压25 kV,毛细管温度25℃,进样压力50 MPa,进样时间5 s.在优化条件下,13种合成色素在3～200 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,r2均大于0.99.将该方法用于分析市售卤翅、腐竹、番茄酱、辣椒面等样品,其回收率为98％～104％,检出限为3.0～16.0 mg/L.该方法简便、准确,能够满足食品中合成色素的常规检测要求.     

准静态扫集胶束电动毛细管色谱法测定扇贝样品中的贝类毒素

采用准静态扫集胶束电动毛细管色谱(MEKC)法测定了扇贝样品中的2种贝类毒素。毛细管内首先充满含十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的缓冲溶液,调节缓冲溶液的pH值,使电渗流等于SDS胶束的电泳流速,电动进样时,带正电荷的贝类毒素离子被SDS扫集吸附,由于SDS在毛细管内处于准静止状态,可使进样时间延长至320 s。与常规电动进样MEKC相比,石房蛤毒素和软骨藻酸的检测灵敏度分别提高950和810倍。该方法对石房蛤毒素和软骨藻酸的检出限分别为0.05,0.12 ng/m L。方法可实现对扇贝样品中2种贝类毒素的快速、灵敏检测。     

Comparing micellar electrokinetic chromatography and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography for the analysis of preservatives in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products

In this study, separation and determination of nine preservatives ranging from hydrophilic to hydrophobic properties, which are commonly used as additives in various pharmaceutical and cosmetic products, by micellar electrokinetic chromatograpy (MEKC) and microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) were compared. The effect of temperature, buffer pH, and concentration of surfactant on separation were examined. In MEKC, the separation resolution of preservatives improved markedly by changing the sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration. Temperature and pH of running buffers were used mainly to shorten the magnitude of separation time. However, in order to detect all preservatives in a single run in a MEEKC system, a microemulsion of higher pH was needed. The separation resolution was improved dramatically by changing temperature, and a higher concentration of SDS was necessary for maintaining a stable microemulsion solution, therefore the separation of the nine preservatives in MEEKC took longer than in MEKC. An optimum MEKC method for separation of the nine preservatives was obtained within 9.0 min with a running buffer of pH 9.0 containing 20 mM SDS at 25 degrees C. A separation with baseline resolution was also obtained within 16 min using a microemulsion of pH 9.5 which composed of SDS, 1-butanol, and octane, and a shorter capillary column at 34 degrees C. Finally, the developed MEKC and MEEKC methods determined successfully preservatives in various cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.     

Determination of nitrite by sequential injection analysis of electrokinetic flow analysis system

A new sequential injection analysis (SIA) method of an electrokinetic flow analysis (EKFA) system for the determination of nitrite-nitrogen is presented in this paper. The proposed system mainly consisted of an electroosmotic pump, two solenoid valves and a spectrophotometer etc. All the pump and valves were controlled by a personal computer automatically. The determination method of nitrite-nitrogen was based on the reaction among nitrite, sulfanilamide and naphthylethylenediamine to form a colored compound, which was measured at 540 nm. The linear calibration range of nitrite-nitrogen was 10-800 mug l(-1). The detection limit was 1 mug l(-1) (K=3, n=11). The analytical method can provide a throughput of 33 samples per h.     

电动流动分析的色谱分离研究

建立了一种基于增压电渗泵驱动、整体柱分离和紫外检测相结合的电动流动分析系统。研究了载流溶液中甲醇的体积分数对电渗泵空载流量、输出压强、移动相流量和分离度的影响。在4950V的外加电压下,以含0.5mmol/L六亚甲基四胺的45%甲醇溶液为泵载流,电渗泵的流量和输出压强分别为0.58mL/min和0.79MPa,以泵载流为流动相,该系统对苯和萘进行了反相色谱分离。电动流动分析系统设备简单、操作方便、功能多样。对苯和萘的分离结果表明,电动流动分析系统可用于样品的色谱分离。     

Characterisation of retention in micellar high-performance liquid chromatography, in micellar electrokinetic chromatography and in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with reduced flow

The retention (migration) behaviour of various barbiturates, phenylurea and triazine herbicides in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) with uncoated fused-silica capillaries was compared with the behaviour in micellar electrokinetic chromatography with reduced electroosmotic flow (RF-MEKC) using capillaries modified with linear polyacrylamide. The error in the values of the retention factors caused by the neglection of the contribution of the electroosmotic flow in RF-MEKC was investigated and a method for correcting this error was suggested. The retention was characterised using the lipophilic and polar indices to characterise and to predict the retention as a function of the concentration of the surfactant (sodium dodecylsulphate) in the running buffer in MEKC and in RF-MEKC. Homologous series of n-alkylbenzenes and of n-alkan-2-ones were compared as the standard sets for the calibration of the retention (migration) index scale. The values of the lipophilic indices of a given solute measured in reversed-phase HPLC, MEKC and RF-MEKC are close to each other. Under ideal MEKC conditions, the values of the polarity indices are close to one for various sample solutes. However, for partially ionised compounds such as weakly acidic barbiturates, where the contribution of the electrophoretic migration is significant, the values of the polarity indices are significantly lower than one. Optimum conditions for separations of mixtures of triazine and phenylurea herbicides and of barbiturates using various techniques tested were compared.     

Microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography based on one functionalized ionic liquid and its excellent performance on proteins separation

Herein, one water-soluble functionalized ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecanesulfonate (BAS), was designed, investigated and successfully applied to microchip micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) construction. It possessed the properties of both IL and surfactant. A fairly stable pH value approximately 7.4, which was fit to pH values of general biological buffers, was nicely placed at the optimum concentration of 20mM BAS solution. While applying BAS solution as running buffer in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microfluidic systems, significantly enhanced electroosmotic flow (8-fold) and resolutions between analytes were obtained than that using other supporting electrolytes or surfactants. Pure BAS solution could conveniently complete the task of MEKC establishment: not only the ionic strength of the running buffer was guaranteed, but also the analytes adsorption to PDMS surface was conquered, as was demonstrated in the sensitive determination of fluorescent dyes and well-separated protein mixtures.     

非水胶束电动色谱分离邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

非水胶束电动色谱(NAMEKC)兼具非水毛细管电泳的优点和胶束电动色谱的分离机制,尤其适于对强疏水性化合物进行分离分析。在以甲酰胺为非水溶剂的电泳介质中,采用十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）形成胶束相,开展NAMEKC方法的研究。通过添加水溶液、调节水溶液酸度、添加有机溶剂、改变SDS浓度等操作条件的考察,在15 min 内实现了3种美国环保局优先监测的污染物——邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的分离。分离度最小者为1.5,检测限优于3.04 mmol/L(以信噪比为3计)。3种典型的强疏水性物质的成功分离,显示出NAMEKC方法在分离疏水性物质方面的优势,扩展了NAMEKC在电中性有机物分析中的应用。     

Determination of polyphenol components in herbal medicines by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with Tween 20

A simple and convenient method of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) using polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate (Tween 20) to form single micelle and methanol as a buffer additive was introduced for the simultaneous determination of five polyphenols, including scopoletin, rutin, esculetin, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid. A running buffer solution of pH 9.3, 20 mmol/L sodium tetraborate containing 64 mmol/L Tween 20 and 9% (v/v) methanol was adopted in the separation. Because rutin and esculetin were difficult to be separated by capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and SDS-based MEKC, Tween 20-based MEKC was adopted and the polyphenols were separated satisfactorily. The proposed method was used to determine the polyphenol components in the herbal medicine of Cortex fraxini. The separation mechanism of Tween 20-based MEKC for the polyphenols was discussed preliminarily.     

On-line pretreatment and determination of parabens in cosmetic products by combination of flow injection analysis, solid-phase extraction and micellar electrokinetic chromatography

A convenient and automated method for on-line pretreatment and determination of three parabens (i.e. methyl, ethyl and propyl p-hydroxybenzoate) in cosmetic products is proposed by using flow injection analysis (FIA), solid-phase extraction (SPE) and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). An improved split–flow interface is used to couple SPE on C₈-bonded silica with MEKC separation, which can avoid running buffer contamination and reduce buffer consumption, especially, containing expensive reagents. The analytes are loaded onto a C₈ column at 0.6 mL/min for 60 s and eluted with a mixed eluent of 40% (v/v) 10 mmol/L sodium tetraborate buffer (pH 9.3) and 60% (v/v) ethanol at 0.75 mL/min. The MEKC separation is accomplished with a running buffer of 20 mmol/L sodium tetraborate (pH 9.3) containing 100 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) at 15 kV. For butyl p-hydroxybenzoate did not be detected in the cosmetic products, it was used as an internal standard (IS) added into the real samples. This FIA–SPE–MEKC method using IS allows the sample separation within 12 min and the sample throughput of five samples per hour with the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) less than 2.3% (n = 5). The limits of detection (LOD) are in the range from 0.07 to 0.1 μg/mL (S/N = 3 and n = 11). The proposed method has been used to determine three parabens in real cosmetic products satisfactorily.     

A chemometric approach for the elucidation of the parameter impact in the hyphenation of field-enhanced sample injection and sweeping in capillary electrophoresis

The aim of this work was to elucidate the impacts of parameters influencing cation-selective exhaustive injection coupled to sweeping and micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC). A chemometric approach using cationic compounds, acidic conditions (phosphate buffer, pH 2.3) and polyacrylamide-coated capillaries to suppress electroosmotic flow were used. It was demonstrated that the water plug was not useful because of long electrokinetic injections. If conductivity of the high conductivity buffer (HCB) and the HCB to sample conductivity ratio are sufficiently high (>1.66 S/m and >30, respectively), variations of HCB conductivity do not impact sensitivity. The length of the HCB must be long enough so that the most mobile cation remains stacked in this zone for a given injection time. SDS concentration should be as high as possible (the maximum concentration is dictated by MEKC, here 90 mM), so sensitivity is not impacted. We have shown analytes can be lost after electrokinetic injection, when the polarity of the voltage is reversed. Introducing a plug of micellar electrolyte before polarity reversal avoids these losses. Following these recommendations only injection time and sample conductivity impacted sensitivity enhancement. Sample conductivity had to be the lowest as possible and controlled in real case analyses to obtain repeatable enrichment factors.