聚N－烷基丙烯酰胺类凝胶及其温敏特性

 研制成功５种聚Ｎ－烷基丙烯酰胺类温敏凝胶：聚Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＩＰＡ），聚Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺＋甲基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＩＰＡ／ＭＡＡ），聚Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＤＥＡ），聚Ｎ－正丙基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＮＰＡ），聚Ｎ，Ｎ－二乙基丙烯酰胺＋Ｎ－叔丁基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＤＥＡ／ＮＴＢＡ），并系统研究了这些凝胶的温敏相交特性．以聚Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＩＰＡ）凝胶相交特性为基础的凝胶萃取过程对牛血清白蛋白和兰葡聚糖溶液的浓缩实验表明，凝胶萃取对于浓缩和制备贵重生化制品是很有效的．     

温度及pH敏感聚（丙烯酸）／聚（N—异丙基丙烯酰胺）互穿聚合物网络水凝胶的...

合成聚（丙烯酸）／聚（Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺）互穿聚合物网络（ＰＡＡｃ／ＰＮＩＰＡ ＩＰＮ）水凝胶，具有温度及ｐＨ双重敏感特性。这种水凝胶在弱碱性条件下的溶胀率远大于酸性条件下的溶胀率。在酸性条件下，随着温度上升，凝胶的溶胀率也随之逐渐上升；而在弱碱性条件下，温度低于聚（Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺）（ＰＮＩＰＡ）的较低临界溶解温度（ＬＣＳＴ）时，溶胀率也随着温度的上升而上升，而温度达到ＬＣＳＴ时，凝胶的溶胀率     

温度及pH敏感聚(丙烯酸)/聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)互穿聚合物网络水凝胶的合成及性能研究

合成聚（丙烯酸）／聚（Ｎ 异丙基丙烯酰胺）互穿聚合物网络（ＰＡＡｃ／ＰＮＩＰＡＩＰＮ）水凝胶，具有温度及ｐＨ双重敏感特性．这种水凝胶在弱碱性条件下的溶胀率远大于酸性条件下的溶胀率．在酸性条件下，随着温度上升，凝胶的溶胀率也随之逐渐上升；而在弱碱性条件下，温度低于聚（Ｎ 异丙基丙烯酰胺）（ＰＮＩＰＡ）的较低临界溶解温度（ＬＣＳＴ）时，溶胀率也随着温度的上升而上升，当温度达到ＬＣＳＴ时，凝胶的溶胀率突然急剧下降，并随着温度的逐渐上升而下降．     

新型阴离子型温敏水凝胶

新型阴离子型温敏水凝胶王昌华,曹维孝（北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京,１００８７１）关键词温敏水凝胶,溶胀比,Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺１９８４年Ｔａｎａｋａ等人［１］发现Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＮＩＰＡ）与Ｎ,Ｎ－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（ＭＢＡ）的微交联共聚体,在...     

N-异丙基丙烯酰胺/N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮水凝胶的研究

研究了用Ｎ,Ｎ－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作交联剂,Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺／Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮共聚物水凝胶的合成与性能。结果表明,ＮＶＰ能显著延长共聚体系的凝胶化时间,但对共聚物的体积相变温度影响并不十分显著。当Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮的配料摩尔比（Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮／Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺＋Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮）＝０．０１时,水凝胶呈现最大Ｔｃ和平衡溶胀胀比。当温度低于Ｔｃ时共的在水中的平衡溶胀比与Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺和Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮的配料比有关;Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮配料摩匀比〈０．０１,平衡溶胀比随Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮配料摩尔比的增加而增加;Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷桐配料摩尔比〉０．０１,平衡溶胀比随Ｎ－乙烯基吡咯烷酮配料摩尔浓度的增加而降低。同Ｎ－并异丙烯酰胺均聚物水凝胶相比,共聚物水凝胶具有较好的温敏响应性。ＤＳＣ和ＴＧＡ研究表明,Ｎ－乙     

聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺溶液的粘度的温度依赖关系

用自由基聚合法合成了聚Ｎ 异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＩＰＡＡＭ）样品，用乌氏粘度计考查了该聚合物的四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）溶液和水溶液的粘度与温度的依赖关系．发现ＰＮＩＰＡＡＭ ＴＨＦ体系的特性粘数随温度升高而增大，ＰＮＩＰＡＡＭ Ｈ２Ｏ体系的特性粘数 温度曲线表现出较为复杂的变化规律．并用实验确定的特性粘数对合成样品的分子量进行了表征Ｍｎ＝８４４×１０５ｇ·ｍｏｌ－１．     

聚N—异丙基丙烯酰胺溶液的温度依赖关系

用自由基聚合法合成了聚Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＰＮＩＰＡＡＭ）样品，用乌氏粘度计考查了该聚合物的四氢呋喃（ＴＨＦ）溶液和水溶液的粘度与温度的依赖关系。发现ＰＮＩＰＡＡＭ－ＴＨＦ体系的特性粘数随温度升高而增大，ＰＮＩＰＡＡＭ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系的特性粘数－温度曲线表现出较为复杂的变化规律。并用实验确定的特性粘数对合成样品的分子量进行了表征Ｍｎ＝８．４４×１０＾５ｇ·ｍｏｌ＾－１。     

N—异丙基甲基丙烯酰胺共聚热缩温敏水凝胶

从甲基丙烯腈与异丙醇反应制备了Ｎ－异丙基甲基丙烯酰胺（ＮＩＰＭ），研究了其以Ｎ，Ｎ＇－亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（ＭＢＡ）为交联剂在不同溶剂体系的聚合及所形成的水凝胶的性质。表明ＮＩＰＭ－ＭＢＡ凝胶具有热缩温敏性。在ＮＩＰＭ－ＭＢＡ体系引入丙烯酸钠、甲基丙烯酸钠等负离子单体时，凝胶的溶胀比明显增加，ＭＢＡ所占比例较少的体系，具有热缩、热胀双重性。     

NIPA系温度敏感水凝胶及分析应用

本文考察了近几年来，以Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺（ＮＩＰＡ）为基础的温敏材料的发展情况，并对相关的理论研究和合成方法进行了讨论，对智能材料的开发、药物释放、酶法分析及免疫分析诸方面的应用进行了简单的总结。     

激光光散射研究聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)单链及其智能凝胶微球在水中的相变(下)

（接上期）２聚（Ｎ－异丙基丙烯酰胺）微凝胶在水中的体积相变２．１理论部分凝胶体积相变热力学：聚合物凝胶的溶胀和蜷缩可以用膨胀因子α＝（Ｖ／Ｖ０）１／３＝（ΦＴ／ΦΘ）１／３来表征，其中ΦΘ的ΦＴ分别是温度Θ和Ｔ下凝胶网络的体积分数。在平均场理论中，中...     

ESR study of thermal destruction of polypyromellitimides

A mechanism for thermal degradation of poly-N, N′-[p, p′-diphenyl] -pyromellitimide(resin I), poly-N, N′-[(m, m′-dimethyl)-p,p′-diphenyl] pyromellitimide-(resin II), and poly-N, N′-[(m, m′-dimethoxy)-p, p′-diphenyl] pyromellitimide (resin III) has been studied by means of ESR spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography. The concentration of paramagnetic centres formed as a result of free-radical scission of C-C and C-N bonds and the parameters of the ESR signal (ΔH_max and g-value) are strictly dependent on temperature of resin decomposition. The results suggest quite different mechanisms for thermal destruction of resin III and that for the other two, namely formation of the benzoxazole ring as an intermediate stage in decomposition.     

Multifunctionalised cationic fullerene adducts for gene transfer: design, synthesis and DNA complexation

Cationic poly-N,N-dimethylfulleropyrrolidinium derivatives have been designed and synthesised to complex plasmid DNA for gene delivery.     

Thermal degradation of lyocell/poly-N-isopropylacrylamide graft copolymers gels

In the present work Lyocell fibers were subjected to graft copolymerization of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAAm) thermosensitive polymer. The thermal degradation and stability of lyocell/pNIPAAm copolymers gels were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). pNIPAAm/lyocell copolymers are thermally stable and more resistant to temperature than lyocell fibres. Thermal characterization was analyzed as a function of percentage by mass of the pNIPAAm grafted. It has been shown that for pNIPAAm/lyocell copolymers, degradation occurs at higher temperature when increasing the degree of grafting.     

Coagulation of Butadiene-Styrene Latex with Poly-N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxypropylenammonium Chloride

The flocculating performance of a cationic polyelectrolyte, poly-N,N-dimethyl-2-hydroxypropylenammonium chloride, in recovery of butadiene-styrene rubber in the presence of sulfuric acid at various temperatures was studied. The kinetic curves of flocculation of SKS-30 ARK latex at various amounts of the flocculant added were obtained.     

雌二醇的水凝胶毛细管电泳免疫分析

雌二醇是雌性激素中最重要和作用最强的一种激素 .临床上 ,雌二醇的长期监测可用于研究与激素相关的致癌物作用机理、绝经期妇女的雌激素补充及不孕病人的跟踪治疗等方面 .研究发现 ,人体中雌二醇含量与某些肿瘤如乳腺癌、子宫癌和肝癌等密切相关 [1] .由于雌二醇在体液中含量很低 ,难于测定 .免疫分析法的出现给雌二醇的测定带来了变革 ,提高了测定的灵敏度和特异性 .目前测定雌二醇的免疫分析方法有放射免疫分析法 ( RIA) [2 ]、酶免疫分析法 ( EIA) [3～ 7]、荧光免疫分析法 ( FIA) [8]和化学发光与生物发光免疫分析法 [9,10 ] .但 R…     

Magnetic separation of polymer hybrid iron oxide nanoparticles triggered by temperature

The water dispersion of poly-N-isopropylacrylamide hybrid nanoparticles exhibited temperature-triggered magnetic separation behaviour: if the temperature switched between below and above 32 degrees C, the nanoparticles could be dispersed into water and reversibly separated by a magnetic field of 1.1 T.     

Direct immunoassay of estrone by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection

An immunoassay for estrone (E(1)) in women's serum, based on the competitive reaction between fluorescein-labeled complete antigen and E(1) with limited amount of anti-estrone monoclonal antibody is described. A thermally reversible hydrogel, poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPA), was added to the buffer to improve the reproducibility. With a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector, the capillary electrophoretic immunoassay (CEIA) can be applied to determine E(1) at a concentration lower than 19.6 pg/mL. The E(1) levels in ten normal women's serum were measured at the range of 118.6-222.0 pg/mL.     

Effect of thermosensitive matrix-phase transition on urease-catalyzed urea hydrolysis

Temperature dependencies of kinetic and equilibrium parameters of urea hydrolysis catalyzed by native urease and the urease immobilized in a thermosensitive poly-N-isopropylacrylamide gel have been studied. The swelling ratio of the collapsed urease-containing gel is shown to increase in the presence of urea. Below a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the polymer, the immobilized u reaseactually has thesame catalytic properties as the native enzyme. At temperatures above LCST, the observed catalytic activity of the immobilized enzyme depends chiefly not only on the thermoreversible matrix state, but also on gel water content.     

Amino-group-specific natural abundance nitrogen isotope ratio analysis in amino acids

Amino acid (AA) nitrogen (N) stable isotope ratio analysis has found a wide variety of important applications including indication of the trophic level of an organism, tracing N transfer within food webs, and monitoring of AA resynthesis during heterotrophic microbial reworking of organic matter. Despite its utility, the current methodology is difficult to employ consistently for natural abundance level precision. Here, we report a new and robust method for high-precision N-compound-specific isotope analysis (N-PCIA) for single-N-containing AAs and N-position-specific isotope analysis (N-PSIA) for poly-N AAs. First the amino-N in AAs was liberated and oxidized to NO2(-) by hypochlorite at high pH. The NO2(-) produced was then quantified colorimetrically with excess hypochlorite quenched using arsenite. Subsequently, buffered azide was used to reduce NO2(-) to N2O for isotope ratio analysis using a purge-and-trap isotope ratio mass spectrometer. In the case of glycine delta15N, the average precision was SD = 0.3 per thousand. Reaction yields and labeling experiments show that this oxidation reaction is highly specific, targeting the alpha-amino group (peptide-N) of most poly-N AAs. This permits specific determination of the delta15N of peptide-N in arginine, tryptophan, and histidine. In the case of lysine, however, the side-chain amino group was found to be partially labile to hypochlorite oxidation. Using isotope fractionation factors estimated from single-N analogues of lysine, the intramolecular delta15N of lysine was calculated by mass balance, and this generally agreed with results for the same sample material analyzed by a previously published enzymatic method. Our method has the advantages of being relatively rapid, robust, and applicable to all poly-N AAs. We have also found it to work well for determining total delta15N of amino-N in complex sample matrices that have not been susceptible to previous approaches.