从同课异构看化学教学设计的效果和发展

在同课异构的教学实践中,分别通过新授课、概念课和复习课的教学设计和实施,阐述如何遵循认识发展来突破学生的认知障碍,通过教学设计、教学实施、教学评价和教学反思诠释“为什么教”“教什么”“怎么教”“教得怎么样”和“教学发展”的问题,凸显教学的本质。     

“基于尺度再探原子结构”的教学设计与实施*

教学设计阶段首先进行原子结构学科理解研究,通过阐释如何基于原子核认识原子的构成,如何基于核外电子运动认识原子的结构这2个本原性问题,对主题大概念原子结构模型进行本原性、结构化地理解。继而从教学目标和教学思路设计、教学实施过程、学生收获、教师反思及专家评价等方面,系统地呈现了基于学科理解的“素养为本”“基于尺度再探原子结构”课堂教学的研究过程。     

基于发展化学核心素养的“煤的综合利用”高三复习教学实践与反思

以"煤的综合利用"高三复习教学为例,基于化学核心素养确立教学目标,将"化工厂如何解决煤燃烧产生的SO2"科学家如何选择煤气化的反应条件"这2个问题的讨论作为重点,并详述以上教学环节。对教学的实施和目标的落实进行了总结反思：创设真实情境,有效发展化学学科核心素养;创新教学设计,激发学生学习兴趣;用好问题串,促进知识、思路结构化;精心设计,促进素养显性化。     

CAI帮助优化教学结构

本文结合高一化学“离子反应,离子方程式”一节计算机辅助教学的课例,谈谈我们如何应用计算机辅助教学,优化化学课教学结构,提高化学课教学质量的问题。     

对如何促进学生学好物理化学网络课程的思考*

从《物理化学(上册)》的首个教学章节“热力学第一定律”出发,以“雨课堂”和“腾讯课堂”为教学平台,分析了学生应该如何适应从“线下教学”到“线上教学”的转变,扮演好“学生”在网络教学中的角色,并以学生的这些注意事项为切入点,论述了教师应该做出的相应转变,以求引导学生更高效地完成线上学习任务。     

如何向高中生引入化学平衡常数

以《化学反应原理》教材中“化学平衡常数”的教学为例,阐释了引入该概念时充分挖掘教材资源的必要性,尤其是同一教学资源如何反复利用,以实现其多重教学价值。     

基于“讲学稿1.0”模式的化学教学设计——以“氧气”为例

以“氧气”第1课时的教学设计为例,探讨了如何在教学设计中将讲学稿与信息技术有机结合,通过融合信息技术,改变师生交互模式,鼓励学生自主学习,实现构建高效课堂的实践追求。     

基于学科理解的“醛的结构与性质探究”教学设计与实施

学科理解是教师教学的坚实基础,教学设计环节首先进行学科理解研究,通过阐释“如何基于极性多重键认识羰基化合物的结构与性质？”本原性问题,对主题学科大概念“有机物构性关系”进行本原性、结构化地理解。从教学目标、教学思路、教学实施过程阐述“醛的结构与性质探究”一课的教学。课后阶段进行学生访谈及分析、专家评价和教师反思总结。系统地呈现基于学科理解的素养为本的课堂教学研究。     

新课程下高三复习教学中存在的问题与对策

当前,高三复习备考教学中还存在不少问题,主要有:一是教师的教学观念落后,对新课程精神的理解不深刻;二是教学方式方法陈旧,复习教学效率低。拟就如何纠正和克服这些不足,进一步提高复习教学效率谈些认识。     

高三化学杂化轨道和分子构型的一体化复习

高中化学选修模块“物质结构与性质”中关于杂化形式、分子构型、分子极性之间的关系以及它们的判断是教学难点。基于课程标准和考试大纲,对如何整合分散在教材各处的知识点,如何有效利用图表功能进行程序性讲解,如何进行统筹和一体化复习做了阐释。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed stereoselective ring expansion of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds

Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed ring expansions of three-membered heterocycles with α-diazo-β-dicarbonyl compounds were investigated. Thiiranes generated 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines in the presence of copper sulfate and trans-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-thiiranes through an intramolecular S_N2 process. Oxiranes gave rise to 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines under the catalysis of copper hexafluoroacetylacetonate and cis-3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines as stereospecific products for 1,2-disubstituted cis-oxiranes via an intimate ion-pair mechanism. The current method provides a direct and simple strategy in efficient preparation of 3-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-oxathiines and 2-acyl-5,6-dihydro-1,4-dioxines, important agents in medicinal and agricultural chemistry, from readily available thiiranes and oxiranes, respectively.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).