微波法制备还原氧化石墨烯负载Pt3Co纳米合金（英文）

微波辐射法可以在数分钟内将高度分散的Pt3Co合金颗粒负载于还原氧化石墨烯表面上.表征结果发现,与传统的溶剂热法和浸渍法相比,微波法制备的催化剂中贵金属的利用率高,合金颗粒的分布均匀,组成可控,同时氧化石墨烯的再石墨化现象也得到有效地抑制.采用微波法制备的Pt3Co/RGO-MW催化剂在肉桂醛加氢反应中具有较高的活性和和产物选择性.Pt3Co/RGO-MW中每一个Pt原子在70℃的转化频率高达23.8 min-1.     

负载型Au(Pt)/Co3O4催化剂上H2与CO的共氧化行为

用共沉淀法制备了Au/Co3O4,Pt/Co3O4及Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂,并考察了其对H2与CO在O2过量情况下完全共氧化的催化作用. 结果表明,在三种催化剂上H2与CO之间都存在复杂且各不相同的相互作用. 与Pt/Co3O4催化剂上不同,在Au/Co3O4和Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2严重抑制CO的氧化. 同时,Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2与CO能够在较低的温度(76 ℃)下有效地实现完全共氧化. TPR结果表明,与Pt/Co3O4催化剂相比,Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上Au的存在使Pt的还原峰消失.     

负载型Au（Pt）／Co3O4催化上H2与CO的共氧化行为

用共沉淀法制备了Au/Co3O4,Pt/Co3O4及Au- Pt/Co3O4催化剂,并考察了其对H2与CO在O2过量情况下完全共氧化的催化作用。结果表明,在三种催化剂上H2与CO之间都存在复杂且各不相同的相互作用。与Pt/Co3O4催化剂上不同,在Au/Co2O4和Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2严重抑制CO的氧化。同时,Au-Pt/Co3O4催化剂上H2与CO能够在较低的温度（76℃）下有效地实现完全共氧化。TPR结果表明,与Pt/Co3O4催化剂相比,Au-PtCo3O4催化剂上Au的存在使Pt的还原峰消失。     

Pt/CeO2/CNTs催化剂对甲醇电催化氧化的研究

通过微波乙二醇法制备了Pt/CeO2/CNTs催化剂用于碱性体系中的甲醇电催化氧化,考察了不同的CeO2含量对其电催化活性的影响.X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)结果表明,Pt/CeO2/CNTs催化剂中Pt颗粒较小,在载体上分散性较好.循环伏安曲线和计时电流测试结果表明,Pt/CeO2/CNTs催化剂表现出良...     

电化学合成PtCo/石墨烯复合催化剂及对甲醇的电催化氧化

以ITO导电玻璃为基体,采用恒电位沉积法制备了PtCo/石墨烯(GN)复合催化剂.通过扫描电镜(SEM),X射线能量散射谱(EDX)及电化学方法对催化剂进行了表征.SEM结果表明,石墨烯能够促进催化剂粒子的均匀分布,降低催化剂粒径;当Pt和Co物质的量之比为1∶2.93时,该催化剂粒径最小,分布最为均匀.电化学测试结果表明,石墨烯作为载体能够提高催化剂抗CO中毒性能,有利于对甲醇的催化氧化,这主要是由石墨烯优异的电子导电性和表面含氧活性基团所决定的.而且由于Co特殊的电子效应,它的加入也能够影响该催化剂的催化活性.结果证明,当Pt和Co物质的量之比为1∶2.93时,该复合催化剂表现出对甲醇氧化最为优越的催化性能,甲醇氧化峰电流密度可达到662A gpt-1,正反扫电流(If/Ib)比为2.34,是传统PtCo/C催化剂(If/Ib=1.32)的近1.8倍.     

Pt纳米颗粒结合ZIF-67衍生的PtCo-NC催化剂用于醇类燃料电氧化（英文）

在本工作中,通过在氮气保护下热解Pt纳米颗粒结合的ZIF-67制备了由ZIF-67原位产生的氮掺杂碳负载Pt Co合金纳米颗粒组成的Pt Co-NC复合催化剂。通过X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜,透射电子显微镜等物理表征手段研究了催化剂的结构和形貌,并测试了该催化剂对醇类燃料甲醇和乙醇氧化的电化学性能。与参比样Pt/C相比,Pt Co-NC催化剂的电催化活性与稳定性均得到了极大的提高,其优异的催化性能可以归因于抗一氧化碳中毒能力的提升和原位形成的Pt Co纳米颗粒和氮掺杂载体间的协同作用。     

Ru, Sn和Co促进的Pt/C催化剂电催化氧化甲醇的性能

 采用溶胶法制备了用于阴离子膜直接甲醇燃料电池的Pt-M/C(M=Ru, Sn和Co)阳极电催化剂,并用X射线衍射和X射线能谱技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,制备的Pt-M合金颗粒分布均匀,粒径为2～6 nm, 其组成与前驱体中相应金属的原子比基本吻合. 用循环伏安法测定了催化剂在不同碱性条件下的活性. 结果显示,随着碱性的增加,甲醇的起始氧化电位降低,峰电流和催化剂的活性增大; 相同碱强度下催化剂活性顺序为Pt50Ru50/C>Pt50Sn50/C>Pt75Co25/C, 添加Ru可明显提高Pt/C催化剂的活性. Pt50Ru50/C在1.0 mol/L NaOH+1.0 mol/L CH3OH溶液中的峰电流密度可达634.7 mA/mg.     

一步法制备还原态氧化石墨烯载铂纳米粒子及其对甲醇氧化的电催化性能

以天然石墨为原料,采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨.然后采用简单的一步化学还原法在乙二醇(EG)中同时还原氧化石墨烯(GO)和H₂PtCl₆制备高分散的铂/还原态氧化石墨烯(Pt/RGO)催化剂.采用傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线衍射(XRD)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对催化剂的微结构、组成和形貌进行表征.结果表明, GO已被还原成RGO, Pt纳米粒子均匀分散在RGO表面,粒径约为2.3 nm.采用循环伏安法和计时电流法评价催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化性能,测试结果表明, Pt/RGO催化剂对甲醇氧化的电催化活性和稳定性与Pt/C和Pt/CNT相比有了很大提高.另外其对甲醇电催化氧化的循环伏安图中正扫峰电流密度(I_f)和反扫峰电流密度(I_b)的比值高达1.3,分别是Pt/C和Pt/CNT催化剂的2.2和1.9倍,表明Pt/RGO催化剂具有高的抗甲醇氧化中间体CO_ad的中毒能力.     

石墨烯载Pt纳米粒子的原位还原制备及氧还原电催化性能

采用改进的化学氧化还原法(Hummers法)氧化鳞片石墨, 再超声振荡剥离得到氧化石墨烯(GO)水溶液. 通过聚二烯丙基二甲基氯化铵(PDDA)分子对GO表面功能化, 由于带正电荷的PDDA分子功能化的GO与带负电荷的^2-离子间的静电作用, 使Pt离子组装到GO表面, 再通过原位还原被束缚的Pt离子, 同时GO被还原成石墨烯片(GNs), 得Pt/PDDA-GNs催化剂. 相对空白GNs负载的Pt纳米粒子和商业化Pt/C(JM), Pt/PDDA-GNs催化剂有较高的氧还原活性和稳定性. 前者可归因于Pt颗粒尺寸细小和分散度较高, 后者是由于PDDA分子与Pt原子间的电子作用及对Pt颗粒的钉扎作用, 从而减缓了Pt的氧化和迁移.     

石墨烯和铂/石墨烯的合成及其表征

以天然鳞状石墨为原料,采用化学氧化法合成氧化石墨,在此基础上采用低温热解膨胀结合微波加热乙二醇还原法合成石墨烯(Gr)以及铂/石墨烯(Pt/Gr)复合材料。SEM和TEM显示所制备的石墨烯为层状结构的半透明薄膜。采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和傅立叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)分别确定氧化石墨、膨胀石墨及石墨烯表面含氧官能团的数量和性质。以所制备的碳氧原子比5.94的石墨烯作为载体制备出可用于质子交换膜燃料电池的高负载量的Pt/Gr催化剂,在铂载量高达60%时,表面铂粒子依然具有高分散性,平均粒径为3.8 nm。     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.