半胱氨酸阴离子与咪唑阳离子间相互作用的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论在B3LYP/6-311＋G(d,p)水平上对1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑阳离子和半胱氨酸阴离子形成的气态阴阳离子对([Emim][Cys])进行理论研究. 通过几何结构优化以及频率分析得到势能面上7个稳定的离子对构型. 计算结果表明[Emim]＋和[Cys]－之间存在较强的氢键相互作用, 其稳定化能主要来源于[Cys]－中羰基O的孤对电子lp(O) 和[Emim]＋中C—H反键轨道 s*(C—H) 之间的相互作用, lp(O)®s*(C—H). [Emim][Cys]_S1是最稳定的离子对构型, 考虑BSSE的相互作用能为－387.66 kJ/mol. 从NPA和NBO分析以及AIM (Atoms in Molecules)计算等方面阐述了半胱氨酸阴离子与咪唑阳离子之间氢键相互作用的本质, 并初步探讨了阴阳离子对相互作用对氨基酸离子液体性质的影响.     

咪唑类离子液体中合成β-烯胺酮的研究

本文通过修饰阴阳离子合成了一系列咪唑型离子液体,以β-烯胺酮的合成为反应探针,考察离子液体结构和活性之间的关系。结果表明:阴阳离子对离子液体的活性都有显著的影响。阴离子为BF4-时,阳离子活性顺序为[Hmim]+[bmim]+,[emim]+[bmmim]+,其中[Hmim]BF4作反应介质,反应时间为10min,产率可达96%。当阳离子为[Hmim]+时,阴离子BF4-,Tsa-,Br-和NO3-活性均较高,产率达到93%以上,但阴离子HSO4-显著降低离子液体的活性,反应30min,产物收率仅有60%;阳离子为[bmim]+时,[bmim]Br[bmim]PF6[bmim]BF4,产率达到85%以上;而阴离子为HSO4-和H2PO4-时,离子液体活性变差,收率低于70%。离子液体[Hmim]BF4重复使用5次,β-烯胺酮产率基本不变,反应10min后,仍达89%。     

一种室温离子液体与水相互作用的密度泛函理论研究

采用量子化学计算中的密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)计算水平上研究了离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([Emim]BF4)及其与水分子形成的复合物的稳定构型和相互作用能;经振动频率分析得到了[Emim]BF4及其与水的复合物的红外光谱.计算结果表明,相对于水分子与阳离子的作用而言,水分子与阴离子的作用对离子液体结构的影响更大.与此同时,实验测得的[Emim]BF4的红外光谱与计算结果吻合.     

质子化甜菜碱阳离子与双三氟甲磺酰亚胺阴离子相互作用的理论研究

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)方法, 在B3LYP/6-311＋G(d,p)水平下, 对质子化甜菜碱阳离子与双三氟甲磺酰亚胺阴离子形成的气态阴阳离子对([Hbet][Tf₂N])进行理论研究, 通过几何结构优化和频率分析得到势能面上的六个稳定构型. 计算结果表明[Hbet]^＋和[Tf₂N]^－之间能够形成较强的氢键相互作用, 氢键相互作用的稳定化能主要来源于[Tf₂N]^－中O, N原子的孤对电子和[Hbet]^＋中参与形成氢键的O-H, C-H反键轨道之间的相互作用. 自然布局分析(NPA)给出气态[Hbet][Tf₂N]离子对中阴阳离子间的电荷转移比传统离子液体中电荷转移的数值小. AIM (atoms in molecules)分析得到[Hbet]^＋和[Tf₂N]^－之间的氢键相互作用以静电作用为主. 通过实验和理论结果相比较, 初步探讨影响离子液体熔点及其对金属离子选择性溶解的结构因素.     

离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酸盐与水之间的氢键作用(英文)

通过衰减全反射红外(ATR-IR)光谱、二维红外相关谱结合量子化学计算研究了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲基磺酸盐([emim][OTf])和水之间的氢键作用.结果表明,在[emim][OTf]-水体系中,当水的浓度较低时(0.1x(D2O)0.3),水分子的主要存在形式是包裹在离子液体中的没有缔合的单体.水分子优先填充到[emim][OTf]的空隙中,并且与[emim][OTf]的阴离子形成"[OTf]-…HOH…[OTf]-"结构,水分子与[emim][OTf]的阳离子的相互作用位点是烷基氢而不是芳香氢;当水分子浓度较高时,水分子倾向于自身缔合形成小团簇结构,水分子与[emim][OTf]的阳离子的相互作用位点是芳香氢而不是烷基氢.     

咪唑类离子液体与酪氨酸相互作用及机理的密度泛函理论研究（英文）

离子液体的物理化学性质稳定且结构可调,被认为是潜在的新一代绿色高效生物分子溶剂。本文通过密度泛函理论研究了系列咪唑基离子液体与两性离子型氨基酸(酪氨酸)的相互作用及机理。利用对称微扰理论(SAPT)、分子中的原子理论(AIM)及约化密度梯度函数(RDG),分析了氢键作用、静电力、诱导力和色散力对离子液体-氨基酸体系相互作用的贡献。计算结果表明静电作用对于阴、阳离子与酪氨酸的相互作用占主导地位。对于系列阳离子而言,具有不同的甲基取代位点和烷基侧链长度对不同的相互作用模式会产生显著影响。其中,当甲基位于咪唑环的C2位点时,诱导力与色散力占比差别较小;当甲基取代位于咪唑环的N3位点时,诱导力与色散力占比差别较大。产生这一差异的原因在于当甲基位于C2位时,氢键、咪唑环与苯环之间的π~+–π作用为主要作用模式,而甲基取代位为N3位时,氢键和烷基链与苯环之间的C_(Alkyl)―H…π作用则成为主导。进一步获得离子对-酪氨酸的相互作用能变化趋势与阳离子-酪氨酸的变化趋势一致,阴阳离子的共同作用使其与酪氨酸结合更稳定。该研究结果阐明了离子液体中阳离子氢键位点及侧链长度差异对于离子液体-酪氨酸体系的相互作用模式的影响机制,为高效分离氨基酸的功能性离子液体的设计和筛选提供了新思路。     

293.15K时咪唑醋酸盐-乙醇二元体系的体积性质及分子间相互作用

用比重瓶法测定了293.15 K时1-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([Mim]Ac)/1,3-二甲基咪唑醋酸盐([Mmim]Ac)/1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([Emim]Ac)-乙醇(EtOH)二元体系在全组成范围内的密度.计算出[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac和EtOH的表观摩尔体积和体系的超额摩尔体积.用三参数多项式关联拟合了表观摩尔体积与摩尔分数的关系,外推出组分的极限偏摩尔体积和摩尔体积.[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac和EtOH的摩尔体积的外推值与实验值分别在±0.07和±0.04 cm3/mol范围内相一致.计算出了[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac和EtOH分别在无限稀溶液中的溶剂化系数.用Redlich-Kister方程关联拟合了超额摩尔体积与摩尔分数的关系.分别根据极限偏摩尔体积、摩尔体积与极限偏摩尔体积的差值、溶剂化系数和超额摩尔体积对照讨论了分子间相互作用的强弱.结果显示,在[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac的浓度无限稀溶液中,[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac-EtOH分子对间相互作用的强弱顺序为[Mim]Ac-EtOH[Mmim]Ac-EtOH[Emim]Ac-EtOH;在EtOH的浓度无限稀溶液中,以及体系中[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac的摩尔分数在0.15~0.95间时,[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac-EtOH分子对间相互作用的强弱顺序都为[Emim]Ac-EtOH[Mmim]Ac-EtOH[Mim]Ac-EtOH.     

四氯合钴-苄基-2-硝基吡啶季铵盐的合成及其晶体结构

合成了1种含四氯合钴配阴离子的苄基取代吡啶季铵盐[BzNO2Py]2[CoCl4][(BzNO2Py)+为苄基-2-硝基吡啶鎓离子];利用元素分析仪、红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征了其组成和结构.结果表明,标题化合物为单斜晶系,空间群P21/c,晶胞参数为a=0.779 3(1)nm,b=1.849 3(2)nm,c=1.881 4(2)nm,β=97.56(1)°,V=2.688 0(5)nm3,Z=4,Dc=1.560g/cm3,GOOF=1.036,R1=0.055 9,wR2=0.151 5.标题化合物分子由1个四面体形的[CoCl4]2-阴离子和2个[BzNO2Py]+阳离子组成,[BzNO2Py]+阳离子之间存在C-H…O氢键和p…π作用,而阳离子和阴离子通过C-H…Cl氢键相连;标题化合物分子经由这些弱的氢键而形成二维网状结构.     

1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯盐+K3PO4/K2HPO4/K2CO3+H2O离子液体双水相体系在T=298.15 K时相图数据的测量和相关性

实验测定了1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二甲酯盐(1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimehtyl phosphate,[Emim]DMP)+盐(K3PO4,K2HPO4和K2CO3)+H2O体系在298.15 K的双节点数据.用3个经验方程与双节点数据关联,发现Merchuk方程简便并且准确性好.不同盐的分相能力顺序为K3PO4>K2HPO4>K2CO3,这与水合离子Gibbs自由能(ΔhydG)有关.用Othmer-Tobias方程、Bancroft方程和二元参数方程计算此方法和相应系线数据的可靠性.[Emim]DMP是常见的离子液体,广泛用于萃取石油燃料中的硫.报道了[Emim]DMP+盐+H2O体系的相图数据.     

293.15K时咪唑醋酸盐-乙醇二元体系的体积性质及分子间相互作用简

用比重瓶法测定了293.15 K时1-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([Mim]Ac)/1,3-二甲基咪唑醋酸盐([Mmim]Ac)/1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([Emim]Ac)-乙醇(EtOH)二元体系在全组成范围内的密度. 计算出[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac和EtOH的表观摩尔体积和体系的超额摩尔体积. 用三参数多项式关联拟合了表观摩尔体积与摩尔分数的关系,外推出组分的极限偏摩尔体积和摩尔体积. [Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac和EtOH的摩尔体积的外推值与实验值分别在±0.07和±0.04 cm3/mol范围内相一致. 计算出了[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac和EtOH分别在无限稀溶液中的溶剂化系数. 用Redlich-Kister 方程关联拟合了超额摩尔体积与摩尔分数的关系. 分别根据极限偏摩尔体积、摩尔体积与极限偏摩尔体积的差值、溶剂化系数和超额摩尔体积对照讨论了分子间相互作用的强弱. 结果显示,在[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac的浓度无限稀溶液中,[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac-EtOH分子对间相互作用的强弱顺序为[Mim]Ac-EtOH>[Mmim]Ac-EtOH >[Emim]Ac-EtOH;在EtOH的浓度无限稀溶液中,以及体系中[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac的摩尔分数在0.15～0.95间时,[Mim]Ac/[Mmim]Ac/[Emim]Ac-EtOH分子对间相互作用的强弱顺序都为[Emim]Ac-EtOH>[Mmim]Ac-EtOH>[Mim]Ac-EtOH.     

Zn-MOF-74负载ILs的结构稳定性和吸附研究

离子液体（ILs）作为一种新型绿色溶剂应用广泛,以多孔材料MOFs作为支撑体负载ILs,不仅有望降低离子液体的高粘性,而且有助于提高材料的吸附分离能力,但要如何选择适合MOFs体系来负载ILs是一个难点。本文采用密度泛函理论（DFT）,利用VASP和Gaussian 09 程序对负载IL（[Emim][BF4]）的Zn-MOF-74的结构稳定性进行系统研究,从几何结构、电荷分析、相互作用等方面将Zn-MOF-74@[Emim][BF4]复合体系与[Emim][BF4]和Zn-MOF-74比较分析。计算结果表明,负载[Emim][BF4]的Zn-MOF-74体系中,IL的阴离子与Zn-MOF-74的开放金属位点Zn发生强相互作用, Zn、F1原子之间因库仑力成键,造成了MOF-74配位构型的改变。IL的负载扰乱了Zn-MOF-74结构的对称性,增强了离子间相互作用。Zn-MOF-74 @[Emim][BF4]复合体系形变过程伴随着电荷转移,其吸附能为-1.032 eV,绘制的差分电荷以及相互作用图验证MOF和IL之间发生了化学吸附。进一步探讨负载离子液体的Zn-MOF-74吸附能力,研究了CO2在复合体系中吸附作用机制。     

A theoretical investigation of the interactions between water molecules and ionic liquids

Quantum chemical calculations have been used to investigate the interaction between water molecules and ionic liquids based on the imidazolium cation with the anions [Cl(-)], [Br(-)], [BF(4)(-)], and [PF(6)(-)]. The predicted geometries and interaction energies implied that the water molecules interact with the Cl(-), Br(-), and BF(4)(-0 anions to form X(-)...W (X = Cl or Br, W = H(2)O), 2X-...2W, BF(4)(-)...W, and W...BF(4)(-)...W complexes. The hydrophobic PF(6)(-) anion could not form a stable complex with the water molecules at the density functional theory (DFT) level. Further studies indicate that the cation could also form a strong interaction with the water molecules. The 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation (Emim(+)) has been used as a model cation to investigate the interaction between a water molecule and a cation. In addition, the interaction between the ion pairs and the water was studied by using 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Emim x Cl) as a model ionic liquid. The strengths of the interactions in these categories follow the trend anion-W > cation-W > ion pair-W.     

Electronic and topological properties of interactions between imidazolium-based ionic liquids and thiophenic compounds: a theoretical investigation

To deepen the understanding the interactions of thiophenic compounds in ionic liquids, we have performed a systemic study on the electronic structures, and topological properties of interactions between N-ethyl-N-ethylimidazolium diethyl phosphate ([EEIM][DEP]) ionic liquid and 3-methylthiophene (3-MT), benzothiophene (BT), or dibenzothiophene (DBT) using density functional theory. From NBO atomic charges and electrostatic potential analyses, most of the positive charge is located on C2–H2 in the [EEIM] cation, and the negative charge is focused on oxygen atoms in [DEP] anion, implying oxygen atoms in [DEP] should easily attack C2–H2 in [EEIM]. The electrostatic interaction between anion and cation may be dominant for the formation of the [EEIM]–[DEP] ion pair. The large stabilizing effect is due to the strong orbital interactions between the antibonding orbital of proton donor σ*(C2–H2) in [EEIM] cation and the lone pairs of proton acceptor LP(O) in [DEP] anion. A common feature of [EEIM][DEP], [EEIM][DEP]-3-MT/BT/DBT complexes is the presence of hydrogen bonds between [EEIM] cation and [DEP] anion. This work has also given the interacting mechanism of 3-MT, BT, and DBT adsorption on [EEIM][DEP] ionic liquid. Both [EEIM] cation and [DEP] anion are shown to play important roles in interactions between 3-MT, BT, DBT and [EEIM][DEP], which has been corroborated by NBO and AIM analyses. The π···π, π···C–H and hydrogen bonding interactions occur between [EEIM][DEP] and 3-MT, BT, DBT. The strength of sulfur involved interactions between 3-MT, BT, DBT and [EEIM][DEP] follows the order of 3-MT > BT > DBT. The order of interaction energies between [EEIM][DEP] and 3-MT, BT, DBT is 3-MT < BT < DBT, in agreement with the order of extractive selectivity from fuel oils (DBT > BT > 3-MT) in terms of sulfur partition coefficients.     

Structure and interaction between the [BMIM][Ala] alanine anion and the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation in ion pairs

The equilibrium geometries and vibrational frequencies of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation and the alanine anion [BMIM][Ala] are studied using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3PW91/6-311+G(d,p) leve1. The most stable structures of the anion, the cation, and the ion pairs are obtained and characterized, and the geometry parameters of the ion pairs confirm the presence of a hydrogen bonding interaction between the anion and the cation. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis is also performed to analyze the atomic charge distribution and charge transfer in the [BMIM]⁺ cation and [BMIM][Ala] ionic liquids. The results show that there are the electrostatic interaction and multiple hydrogen bond interactions between the cation and the anion of the ionic liquids, and the stability of the ground state of the ion pairs mostly results from the hydrogen bonding between the lone pairs of O atoms in the anion and H in the imidazole cycle of the cation. There are some changes in microstructures and the charge distribution during the formation of the ion pairs.     

Computational studies of the structure and cation-anion interactions in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate ionic liquid

Quantum chemical calculations of the structures and cation-anion interaction of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium lactate ([Emim][LAC]) ion pair at the B3LYP/6-31++G** theoretical level were performed. The relevant geometrical characteristics, energy properties, intermolecular H-bonds (H-bonds), and calculated IR vibrations with respect to isolated ions were systematically discussed. The natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecule (AIM) analyses were also employed to understand the nature of the interactions between cation and anion. The five most stable geometries were verified by analyzing the relative energies and interaction energies. It was found that the most of the C-H···O intermolecular H-bonds interactions in five stable conformers have some covalent character in nature. The elongation and red shift in IR spectrum of C-H bonds which involve in H-bonds is proved by electron transfers from the lone pairs of the carbonyl O atom of [LAC] to the C-H antibonding orbital of the [Emim]+. The interaction modes are more favorable when the carbonyl O atoms of [LAC] interact with the C2-H of the imidazolium ring and the C-H of the ethyl group through the formation of triple H-bonds.     

Structure and conformation properties of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halide ionic liquids: a density-functional theory study

The structures and conformational properties of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium halide ionic liquids have been studied with a Becke's 3 Parameter functional method. The interaction mechanisms between the cation and the anion in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (Emim+) halide and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (Bmim+) halide ionic liquids were investigated using 6-31G*, 6-31++G**, and 6-311++G** basis sets. Forty structures of different ion pairs were optimized and geometrical parameters of them have been discussed in details. Halide ions (Cl- or Br-) have been gradually placed in different regions around imidazolium cation and the interaction energies between the anion and the cation have been calculated. Theoretical results indicate that there are four activity regions in the vicinity of the imidazolium cations, in these regions the imidazolium cations and the halide anions formed stable ion pairs. Imidazolium cations can form hydrogen bond interactions with one, two or three but no more than three nearest halide anions. The halide ions are situated in hydrogen bond positions rather than at random.     

Investigations of coupling characters in ionic liquids formed between the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation and the glycine anion

In this study, novel ionic liquids formed between the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium cation [emim]+ and the glycine anion [Gly]- have been investigated theoretically. The relevant geometrical characteristics, energy properties, the characters of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds (H bonds), and the possibility of proton transfer as well as IR characteristics have been systematically discussed. The natural bond orbital (NBO) and atoms in molecule (AIM) analyses have also been applied to understand the nature of the interactions between ionic pairs in ionic liquids. The most stable geometries have been determined by analyzing the relative energies and interaction energies, where the C-H...O intermolecular H bonds involving the protons attached to the imidazolium ring have been found to possess partial covalent character in nature. Electron transfers from the lone pairs of the carbonyl O atom of [Gly]- to the C-H antibonding orbital of the [emim]+ can explain the elongation and red shift of the C-H stretching frequency. The interaction modes are more favorable when the carbonyl O atoms of [Gly]- interact with the C2-H of the imidazolium ring and the C-H of the methyl group through the formation of double H bonds. The origin of the high stability of the amino acid ionic liquids observed experimentally may be attributed to the nonexistence of the proton-transferred products (neutral pairs) together with the large energy needed for separation of the ionic pairs. Additionally, the characteristics of the IR spectra have been analyzed to demonstrate the variants of the molecular structure of the [emim]+[Gly]- ionic liquids.     

气态[HPro（C1）]＋和[Sac]-相互作用及质子转移机制的理论研究

质子化功能离子液体在许多重要领域具有潜在的应用价值,然而人们对其相互作用模式、质子转移行为等方面的认识尚不清晰．本文利用DFT／B3LYP和MP2方法,以脯氨酸阳离子[HPro]＋、脯氨酸甲酯阳离子[HProC1]＋和糖精阴离子[Sac]=组成的质子化离子液体（PILs）为研究对象,探讨气态离子对、分子对、双聚体团簇中的结构单元及其作用模式．利用过渡态和内禀反应坐标（IRC）理论研究气态[HPro]＋[Sac]-和[HProCl]＋[Sac]-中的质子转移反应,AIM（atomsinmolecules）理论分析给出氢键相互作用本质等．计算结果表明,气态单聚体中氢转移能垒很小,体系中存在离子对和分子对的动态平衡．质子转移发生后,体系内部基本作用单元改变,作用强度下降,形成分子对的相互作用能量远远小于离子对的相互作用能量．双聚体团簇计算说明体系中没有质子转移反应发生,在[HPro]2＋[Sac]2-中相互作用的基本结构单元为离子、分子和两性离子,酯化后双聚体[HProC1]2＋[Sac]2-中全部为阴阳离子相互作用．质子转移反应、两性离子和酯化作用等的深入研究对于理解功能化PILs的性质、结构因素及其应用具有一定的实际意义．     

1-烷基-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑硝酸盐含能离子液体的蒸气压及其摩尔汽化焓的理论研究

合成了1-烷基-4-氨基-1,2,4-三唑硝酸盐含能离子液体([RATZ]NO₃),并通过核磁和红外进行了结构表征;采用Gaussian09/B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)密度泛函理论,计算了[RATZ]NO₃的离子间相互作用能及摩尔体积;在298 K-323 K温度范围内,测定了不同配比[RATZ]NO₃-EtOH混合溶液的饱和蒸气压,其中乙醇摩尔分数分别为0.984、0.996、0.999以及1.000。系统研究了[RATZ]NO₃-EtOH混合溶液的饱和蒸气压、[RATZ]NO₃的蒸气压及摩尔汽化焓与温度、离子间相互作用能以及结构之间的关系。结果表明：[RATZ]NO₃-EtOH混合溶液的饱和蒸气压随着温度的升高、离子间作用能的减小以及阳离子体积的增大而增大,其沸点比纯溶剂高,且在298 K-323 K温度范围内[RATZ]NO₃的平衡蒸气压均低于250 mPa,因此说明含能离子液体具有不挥发性,蒸气压极低,并通过理论计算得到的离子间相互作用能及体积,解释了[RATZ]NO₃的摩尔汽化焓随烷基链增长而降低的原因。