无机离子交换法从卤水中提锂的研究进展

无机离子交换法主要适合于从含锂较低的卤水中提取锂,是开发我国盐湖锂资源的重要研究方向之一。重点介绍了国内外无机离子交换法从卤水中提锂的研究进展,并指出了提锂的技术关键和发展方向。     

盐湖卤水提锂的研究进展

评述了目前国内外从盐湖卤水（海水）中提锂的研究方法，特别是对无机离子交换吸附法进行了探讨，认为具有尖晶石结构的ＬｉｘＭｎ２Ｏ４化合物是最有应用前景的提锂材料。     

锂硫电池电解质研究进展

锂硫电池由于其高能量密度(理论高达2600 Wh/kg)、低成本、环境友好等优点而广受关注. 但是锂硫电池仍存在正极活性物质利用率低、循环性能差等问题. 造成这些问题的主要原因是易溶于有机电解液的中间产物聚硫锂Li₂S_n (4≤n≤8)和不溶于有机电解液的硫化锂造成的. 简要介绍了锂硫电池体系的主要问题,并结合本研究小组的研究,对锂硫电池用电解质体系从有机电解液组成、电解液添加剂、聚合物电解质和无机固体电解质等方面进行了详细的综述,最后对电解质的发展前景进行了展望.     

LiAlTiO4的合成及对Li+的离子交换选择性

LiAlTiO4的合成及对Li+的离子交换选择性;复合氧化物;锂;离子交换;无机离子交换剂;尖晶石结构     

LiMg0.5Mn1.5O4的合成及对Li+的离子交换选择性

锂及其化合物在航空航天、化工、医药、空调、高能电池和热核反应等方面都有广泛应用，对锂及其化合物的需求与日俱增。我国液体锂资源非常丰富，开发利用其中的锂资源具有重要意义。从盐湖水、地下卤水、盐田母液、油气田水等咸水资源中提取锂的方法有碳酸盐沉淀法、离子交换法、萃取法等。离子     

锂无机固体电解质*

全固态锂离子二次电池具有更大能量密度和更高的安全使用性能,在未来的电动汽车和蓄能电站上有很好的应用前景。本文对一些典型的锂无机固体电解质进行分类讨论,对它们的性能、结构和导电机理进行评述。这些固体电解质具有较高的离子导电率,是目前的研究热点。文章总结了影响其导电率的几个重要因素以及作为理想锂无机固体电解质的几个基本要求。     

负载二氧化锰球形吸附剂的制备及锂吸附性质的研究

将粉末状无机吸附剂MnO_2分散负载于交联聚丙烯酰胺,制成了球形吸附剂。以静态法和柱式法用LiOH(0.1mol/L),LiCl(0.1mol/L)混合溶液和实际盐湖卤水研究了吸附剂对Li~+的吸附性。对LiOH、LiCl等摩尔混合溶液和大柴旦湖水,锂吸附容量分别为5.90和3.40mmol/gMnO_2·HCl溶液(0.25mol/l)可将被吸附的锂近于完全洗脱,同时将吸附剂再生以重新使用。     

全固态无负极锂金属电池纳米化复合集流体构筑

全固态无负极锂金属电池(AFSSLB)是一种通过初次充电形成金属锂负极的新型锂电池,它的负极与正极容量比为1,能使任意锂化正极系统达到最大能量密度。无机固态电解质的引入使无负极锂金属体系兼具高安全性。然而,电池循环过程中的锂离子通量不均导致的界面接触损失和锂枝晶生长会不断加剧,从而造成电池循环容量迅速衰减。本文构筑了纳米化的银碳复合集流体,显著增强了全固态无负极锂金属电池中集流体-电解质界面的性能。使用该集流体的固态电池循环过程中接触良好,界面阻抗为～10?·cm^-2。从而实现了超过7.0mAh·cm^-2锂金属的均匀稳定沉积,并在0.25mA·cm^-2的电流条件下实现循环200次以上。     

锂化学试剂中锂同位素丰度及原子量的异常

锂化学试剂中锂同位素丰度及原子量的异常刘卫国，肖应凯，周引民（中国科学院青海盐湖研究所，西宁８１０００８）在１９９３年第３７届国际纯粹与应用化学联会（ＩＵＰＡＣ）上，原子量与同位素丰度委员会（ＣＡＷＩＡ）根据世界上对锂化学试剂中锂同位素丰度异常的报道...     

聚合物固态锂电池电解质/负极界面

动力电池领域对锂二次电池的能量密度和安全性提出了更高要求,研究高能量密度固态锂电池对发展新能源产业具有重要意义。相比传统的有机电解液锂离子电池,采用聚合物固体电解质的聚合物固态锂电池不但具有明显提升的安全性,而且能够匹配高容量电极材料,实现能量密度的有效提升。聚合物固态锂电池是最有前景的锂二次电池之一,然而聚合物固体电解质与锂负极间仍存在严重的界面副反应、锂负极表面易生长枝晶等问题。近年来,通过电解质成分调控、电解质力学性能提升、电解质/锂负极界面调控和匹配三维锂负极等手段,聚合物基固态锂电池性能明显提升。基于此,本文介绍了常见的聚合物固体电解质及其与锂负极间的界面挑战,从添加无机填料、使用高强度基底膜、分级层状结构设计、构筑界面缓冲层、交联网络设计以及固态锂负极保护等几个方面综述了提升聚合物基电解质/锂负极界面稳定性的最新研究成果,最后对解决聚合物固体电解质/锂负极界面兼容性的研发方向和发展趋势进行了展望。     

有机-无机复合型聚合物电解质的研究进展

聚合物电解质是现在锂离子电池研究领域的热点，有机－无机复合型聚合物电解质（CSPE）是现在聚合物电解质的研究主流。在聚合物电解质中添加无机添末，特别是纳米材料，大大改善了聚合物电解质的机械性能、离子导电性能以及界面稳定性能。对CSPE性能进行了评价，对在CSPE中添加无机粉末性能改善机理作了概括和探讨，并对CSPE的前景作了展望。     

Advances in Ordered Architecture Design of Composite Solid Electrolytes for Solid-State Lithium Batteries

Solid electrolyte lithium batteries are the next generation of advanced energy devices. The incorporation of solid electrolytes can significantly improve the safety issue of lithium-ion batteries. Organic-inorganic composite solid electrolytes (CSE) are promising candidates for solid-state batteries, but their application is mainly limited by low ionic conductivity. Many studies have shown that the architecture of ordered inorganic fillers in CSE can act as fast lithium-ion transfer channels by auxiliary means, thus significantly improving the ionic conductivities. This review summarises the recent advances in CSE with different dimensional inorganic fillers. Various effective strategies for the construction of ordered structures in CSE are then presented. The review concludes with an outlook on the future development of CSE. This review aims to provide researchers with an in-depth understanding of how to achieve ordered architectures in CSE for advanced solid state lithium batteries.     

Organic/inorganic nanocomposite polymer electrolyte

The organic/inorganic nanocomposites polymer electrolytes were designed and synthesized. The organic/inorganic nanocom-posites membrane materials and their lithium salt complexes have been found thermally stable below 200℃. The conductivity of the organic/inorganic nanocomposites polymer electrolytes prepared at room temperature was at magnitude range of 10-6 S/cm.     

Effect of cation exchange capacity on the structure and dynamics of poly(ethylene oxide) in Li+ montmorillonite nanocomposites

Molecular dynamics computer simulations are used to study the structure and dynamics of 1-nm wide films of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) confined between mica-type layered silicates of different cation exchange capacities (CEC). The simulation setup mimics experimental systems formed by intercalation of PEO in montmorillonite alumino-silicates with varied inherent charges. It is shown that the presence and population of lithium has a significant influence on the behavior of the system, in addition to the confinement-induced effects caused by the extreme spatial restriction. The structural features of the confined PEO are strongly altered with the number of Li⁺, which determines the polymer/inorganic interactions. The combination of the nanoconfinement and the presence of lithium preclude regular ordered arrangements of PEO, similar to those observed in the bulk unconfined polymer. The segmental dynamics of PEO in confinement are also greatly influenced by the presence of lithium, because of the strong interaction between Li⁺ and the oxygen of the PEO backbone. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3460–3477, 2005     

全固态薄膜锂离子电池

本文介绍了聚合物薄膜锂电池以及全固态无机薄膜锂电池,主要对全固态无机薄膜锂电池的发展过程以及其阴极材料、阳极材料、无机固态电解质的性能和制备技术进行了综述;同时介绍了全固态薄膜锂电池结构的研究,并提出了全固态薄膜锂电池现阶段研究存在的问题以及一些解决办法.     

细胞无机化学中值得研究的问题*

在探索生命奥秘的过程中,生物无机化学研究由分子层次上升到细胞层次是一个必然的趋势,也是解决实际问题的需要.细胞无机化学研究在细胞生命体系中的无机化学反应和探索无机物对生命过程调节或干预的作用和机理,是探索生命体系复杂性研究的重要部分.细胞是保留完整生命活动特征的最小单位,存在周期、分化和受激等状态的不同.从化学的观点,细胞是一个严密设计的分子有序组装体,为一个多靶分子系统,细胞应答表现为由相关反应组合成的复杂过程.细胞无机化学研究包括无机物种在细胞膜上的结合和随后发生的膜结构和功能改变、跨细胞膜和跨生物组织屏障的转运和细胞代谢、细胞中无机化学反应同细胞信号系统的偶联、无机离子与自由基的相互代谢关系以及细胞-无机物固相的相互作用等方面.本文对当前细胞无机化学研究的重点问题进行了讨论.     

Preparation of lithium fast ionic conductor by sol-gel-hydrothermal method

The solid fast ionic conductor was synthesized by the sol-gel-hydrothermal method. The influences of the dispersion reagent, the alkalinity and the calcination temperature on the surface morphology of nanopowders, and the electric conductivity were discussed. When PEG 12000 was used as the dispersion reagent, the alkalinity was 1.0% and the calcination temperature was 550°C; the electric conductivity at ambience temperature of the inorganic nanopowder of lithium fast ionic conductor synthesized was 2.59 × 10⁻³ S·cm⁻¹. __________ Translated from Journal of National University of Defense Technology, 2005, 27(2) (in Chinese)     

理论无机化学研究近况

本文概述近几年理论无机化学研究的动态，简单介绍了一些比较有特色的工作，对理论无机化学的发展趋势提出了一些看法。     

Solid Polymer Electrolyte Based on Pluronic P123 Triblock Copolymer‐Siloxane Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid

A novel organic‐inorganic hybrid electrolyte based on poly(ethylene oxide)‐poly(propylene oxide)‐poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer (Pluronic P123) complexed with LiClO₄ via the co‐condensation of an epoxy trialkoxysilane and tetraethylorthosilicate was prepared. Characterization was made by a variety of techniques including powder X‐ray diffraction, AC impedance, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and multinuclear solid state NMR measurements. The hybrid with [O]/[Li] = 16 exhibited a mesophase with a certain degree of ordering, which arose by the self‐assembly of P123 with the silica network. The P123 triblock copolymer acts as a structure‐directing surfactant to organize with silica networks and as a polymer matrix to dissolve alkali lithium salts as well. The DSC results indicated the formation of transient crosslinking between Li⁺ ions and the ether oxygens of the EO and PO segments, resulting in an increase the T_g with increasing salt concentrations. Variable temperature ⁷Li‐{¹H} MAS NMR spectra revealed the presence of two different local environments for lithium cations, probably due to the lithium cations in the polymer‐rich domain and in the silica‐rich domain, respectively. A combination of XRD and conductivity results suggests that the drastically enhanced conductivity for the ordered hybrid electrolyte is closely related to the formation of mesophase, which may provide unique Li⁺ conducting pathways.     

Bio‐Inspired Stable Lithium‐Metal Anodes by Co‐depositing Lithium with a 2D Vermiculite Shuttle

Progress in lithium‐metal batteries is severely hindered by lithium dendrite growth. Lithium is soft with a mechanical modulus as low as that of polymers. Herein we suppress lithium dendrites by forming soft–hard organic–inorganic lamella reminiscent of the natural sea‐shell material nacres. We use lithium as the soft segment and colloidal vermiculite sheets as the hard inorganic constituent. The vermiculite sheets are highly negatively charged so can absorb Li⁺ then be co‐deposited with lithium, flattening the lithium growth which remains dendrite‐free over hundreds of cycles. After Li⁺ ions absorbed on the vermiculite are transferred to the lithium substrate, the vermiculite sheets become negative charged again and move away from the substrate along the electric field, allowing them to absorb new Li⁺ and shuttling to and from the substrate. Long term cycling of full cells using the nacre‐mimetic lithium‐metal anodes is also demonstrated.