稀土重轨钢的静态再结晶研究

通过Gleeble-1500D型热模拟机对REⅡ稀土重轨钢进行应变速率为5 s-1、变形量均为25%的双道次热压缩模拟试验,分别测定820,850,880,1000℃下的真应力-真应变曲线,采用后插法计算奥氏体等温变形后道次间隙时间1～1200 s内的软化率,研究REⅡ稀土重轨钢的静态再结晶规律。结果显示:当变形温度为>1000℃时,REⅡ重轨钢完成静态再结晶弛豫时间<90 s;当变形温度<820℃时,静态再结晶很难进行,即使弛豫时间延长至1000 s,再结晶百分数也只有38.8%;当变形温度为850和880℃时,再结晶过程会出现析出现象,对抑制静态再结晶的进行有影响,导致软化率曲线上出现了平台。     

基于CSP工艺铽对Q345B再结晶的影响

以CSP工艺生产的Q345热轧钢板为研究对象,采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟实验机进行单、双道次轧制模拟实验,研究了稀土铽(Tb)对Q345B钢再结晶行为的影响.结果表明,稀土铽(Tb)能够明显地推迟Q345B钢的动态再结晶,使对应峰值应力在低温轧制时提高约10%,而对980℃以上时的峰值应力影响不明显;980℃以上轧制时,稀土铽(Tb)能够明显的降低间隔时间1.5 s时的静态软化率,但随间隔时间的增加,稀土铽(Tb)对静态软化率的影响减弱;加入稀土铽能够提高完全再结晶区温度,扩大部分再结晶区.     

稀土对薄板坯连铸连轧工艺连铸坯组织和夹杂物的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等对薄板坯连铸连轧(CSP)工艺生产的加稀土和不加稀土的连铸坯横断面试样的微观组织变化、夹杂物的形态以及成分进行了分析,结果表明:加入稀土改变了铸态组织,利用Image Tool软件进行测量,发现稀土使铸坯表层细晶粒区由400μm扩大到630μm;通过Image Tool软件测量加稀土和不加稀土铸坯的枝晶间距,并对测量数据进行F检验分析,分析表明加入稀土对CSP连铸坯的一次枝晶间距无显著影响,对二次枝晶间距影响特别显著,使二次枝晶间距平均值由41.22μm降低到14.21μm,可靠性99%以上;加入稀土,连铸坯中的夹杂物由钙铝酸盐夹杂物或硫化物变成了球形的稀土复合夹杂物,并且降低了夹杂物的最大尺寸,使得最大尺寸由15μm左右降低到7μm左右。     

热变形奥氏体静态再结晶行为的研究

本文利用双道次压缩的方法,在Gleeble1500热模拟实验机上研究了低碳钢SS400在变形间隔时间内奥氏体的软化行为,以便为制定合理的细化晶粒轧制工艺提供实验和理论基础.采用后插法计算了在不同真应变条件下的静态再结晶率.通过双道次压缩测试静态软化动力学实验的表明,实验钢变形后很容易发生静态软化.在真应变为0.4,0.2时,静态再结晶激活能分别是Qrec=189.3,179.2kJ/mol.     

Mg-Gd-Sc-Mn耐热镁合金的热变形行为

采用GLEEBLE-1500热模拟机对Mg-10．2Gd-0．8Se-1．7Mn合金在温度为573～773K、应变速率为0．001～1s^-1、最大变形程度为60％的条件下,进行高温压缩模拟实验研究。分析了合金流变应力和应变速率及变形温度之间的关系,计算了高温变形时的变形激活能和应力指数,为选择这种合金的热变形加工条件提供实验依据。采用金相显微镜分析了合金在不同温度下压缩变形的组织演变。结果表明：合金的稳态流变应力随应变速率的增大而增大,在恒定应变速率的条件下,合金的真应力随温度的升高而降低;合金的变形激活能随着变形温度的升高而增大,特别是在723K时迅速增大。合金在变形过程中发生了不同程度的动态再结晶,变形温度和变形速率对合金再结晶组织有明显的影响。根据实验分析,合金的热加工宜在673～723K范围内进行。     

铈对IF钢热变形行为的影响

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机对Ce微合金化IF钢在变形温度790~950℃,应变速率0.1~5 s-1,变形量50%条件下进行了单道次压缩试验,研究了变形条件对试验钢热变形行为的影响,结合热模拟组织金相分析及双曲正弦本构方程、动态再结晶动力学方程分析了钢中Ce含量对IF钢动态再结晶行为的影响。结果表明:随着变形温度的降低和应变速率的增加,试验钢的变形抗力增大;添加Ce后,试验钢的热变形激活能增大,由122.92 kJ·mol-1增加到182.75 kJ·mol-1;Avrami方程指数kd由3.796减小到3.377,动态再结晶分数Xd也相应减小,动态再结晶被抑制,并随着钢中Ce含量的增加,抑制作用越显著。     

稀土对含铌钢再结晶动力学的影响

研究了稀土元素对含铌钢动态再结晶的影响。实验结果表明，稀土显著推迟钢动态再结晶的开始时间，还显著提高了钢的再结晶的激活能。稀土对钢的再结晶的推迟作用是由于稀土在晶界的偏聚和固溶阻滞所造成。     

高锆含量Cu-1%Zr-0.15%Ce合金热变形行为研究

利用Gleeble-1500D热模拟机,在温度为550,650,750,850,900℃,应变速率为0.001,0.01,0.1,1,10 s~(-1)的条件下,对Cu-1%Zr-0.15%Ce合金的高温变形过程中的流变应力进行研究,分析了动态再结晶的演变机制。结果表明:变形温度和应变速率对合金的流变应力有显著的影响,在550~750℃之间具有典型的动态回复特征,850~900℃具有动态再结晶热变形特征。通过流变应力、应变速率和变形温度之间的关系,建立高温热变形流变应力本构方程,得到合金的热激活能为430.51 k J·mol~(-1),与纯铜热压缩变形过程相比,高Zr含量Cu-1%Zr-0.15%Ce合金热激活能提高了105%。     

铈对T91钢冲击韧性的影响

为了降低T91钢中的夹杂物对性能的影响,采用Ce变质处理后对其进行室温、-20,-40℃冲击试验,并采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和能谱观察分析冲击断口和显微组织。实验结果表明:Ce对T91钢夹杂物的变质净化作用显著,加稀土后T91钢的断口低温冲击呈现韧窝断裂,低温冲击有解理面出现且冲击功值比未加稀土值提高30.9%。Ce对T91钢在室温,-20,-40℃冲击性能的提高作用显著。     

稀土元素对铬酵母中铬含量影响的研究

研究了稀土化合物在铬酵母制备过程中对总铬和有机铬含量的影响作用。镧、铈、镨、钕等轻稀土化合物均能明显提高铬酵母中总铬和有机铬的含量 ,其中镧化合物对铬酵母中总铬和有机铬含量的提高作用最显著 ,总铬含量可达到 70 8.33μg·g- 1 ,有机铬含量可达到 6 39.0μg·g- 1 ,是未加稀土铬酵母样品的近 3倍 ;添加钕化合物的铬酵母中有机铬占总铬的比例最高 ,可达到 97.5 %。通过紫外光谱分析 ,发现有机铬在 2 6 0nm处有特征吸收峰 ,通过红外光谱分析 ,发现有机铬在 478cm- 1 处有特征吸收峰 ,而加稀土化合物的铬酵母样品在此两处的吸收峰值均高于未加稀土的铬酵母样品     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.