LnSrNiO4-λ系列复合氧化物的物化性质与对NO分解的催化性能

用柠檬酸络合法合成了Ｋ２ＮｉＦ４结构的ＬｎＳｒＮｉＯ４－λ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ，Ｐｒ，Ｎｄ，Ｓｍ，Ｇｄ）系列稀土取代类钙钛石型复合氧化物催化剂，对该系列催化剂的固态物理、化学性质及其对ＮＯ分解的催化性能进行研究。结果表明，该系列复合氧化物催化剂对ＮＯ分解活性都很高，在此基础上对该系列复合氧化物中稀土元素对ＮＯ分解反应的取代效应进行了探讨。     

超临界流体干燥法制备纳米TiO2－ZnO复合催化剂及其对苯酚降解的光催化性能

 以TiCl4和Zn（NO3）2·6H2O为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶法结合超临界流体干燥法制备了纳米级TiO2－ZnO（7～10nm）复合催化剂，并用XRD和TEM等手段进行了表征．以苯酚光催化降解为模型反应对所制备催化剂的催化性能进行了评价．结果表明，与单组分TiO2及普通干燥法制备的TiO2－ZnO催化剂相比较，纳米TiO2－ZnO复合粒子的光催化活性有较大提高．用超临界干燥法制备的催化剂具有粒径小、分布窄、比表面积大、分散性好和光催化活性高等特点．采用超临界流体干燥法可直接制得纳米TiO2（锐钛矿型）－ZnO（非晶态）复合催化剂，可实现干燥、晶化一步完成．复合催化剂中ZnO的最佳掺入量为x（ZnO）＝0．8％．超临界流体干燥法是制备纳米材料的一种新技术，具有产物容易收集和溶剂可回收利用等优点．     

β－环糊精与碳酸钙结晶的相互作用

依据生物矿化的基本原理，以β－环糊精（β－CD）作为有机基质，采用仿生 的方法合成了具有独特形貌的文石型碳酸, 其中含有少量的β－环糊精。用X射线 粉末衍射（XRD）分析、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱（FT－ IR）和电导率测定等手段对所得复合碳酸钙进行了表征，结果发现CaCO3结晶过程 中，β－环糊精与CaCO3之间存在着相互作用，并讨论了这种作用的可能机理。     

吡咯的连续气相聚合反应Ⅱ聚吡咯与两种通用高分子的导电复合物

研究以通用高分子聚己内酰胺（ＰＡ－６）及聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ＰＥＴ）为基质材料，用连续气相聚合的方法，使聚吡咯与之复合，可得到聚吡咯／ＰＡ－６（ＰＰｙ／ＰＡ－６）及聚吡咯／聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ＰＰｙ／ＰＥＴ）导电复合纤维，电导率最高可达１０－１Ｓ／ｃｍ，力学性能有所下降。     

La1-xCexCoO3系钙钛矿型催化剂应用于柴油机尾气净化催化性能的研究

采用低温燃烧法制备了Ce4+部分取代La3+的La1-xCexCoO3系钙钛矿型复合氧化物催化剂，用XRD、TGA、SEM和化学分析等方法对催化剂的组成、结构等进行了表征。利用程序升温反应（TPR）技术，对催化剂应用于柴油机常规排放物中的微粒（PM）、碳氢化合物（THC）、氮氧化合物（NOx）的催化脱除性能进行了研究。结果表明，Ce4+部分取代La3+，催化剂表面氧空位浓度增加，同时形成Co3＋-Co2+共存体系，催化剂对THC、NOx催化活性显著提高,且稳定性良好。但Ce4+的掺杂并没有提高催化剂对PM的催化活性。     

H＋NF_2→NF（α）＋HF反应的从头算研究

本文用量子化学从头算法对Ｈ＋ＮＦ_２→ＮＦ（α）＋ＨＦ反应进行了理论研究，采用ＭＰ_２（ＦＵＬＬ）／６－３１Ｇ（ｄ）方法计算了反应物、产物、中间体和过渡态的构型参数和振动频率，然后用Ｇａｕｓｓｉａｎ－２理论计算了各物种的精确能量，计算结果表明：反应在单重态势能面上进行，电子激发态ＮＦ（α）通过复合－消除机理产生，用Ｇ２理论计算２９８Ｋ下反应的焓变为－１１９．４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，过渡态比反应物能量低９８．４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．中间体ＨＮＦ２是势能面的最低点，比反应物的能量低３１３．５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．     

我国黄土区土壤水分、有机质和总氮的近红外光谱分析

用近红外光谱（NIR）对我国黄土区土壤水分、有机质和总氮含量进行评价分析。结果表明，该法与实验室化学分析法之间相关性高，误差小。52份样品定标结果：水分、有机质和总氮的复合相关系数（MR）分别为0.974、0.938和0.942；标准误差（SE）分别为1.08、0.23和0.04。74份样品的检验结果：相关系数（R）分别为0.969、0.921t 0.928；估测标准误差（SEP）分别为1.14、0.28和0.05。3项组分的NIR测值均达到了与实验室化学分析相似的水平。     

Pt（Cu）-CdS／钛酸纳米管光催化转化CO2和H2O的研究

以商业P25为前躯体,用强碱水热超声法合成钛酸纳米管（TiNT）,以其为载体采用离子交换法制备CdS复合钛酸纳米管（CdS／TiNT）,再用浸渍法负载共催化剂Pt或Cu．对上述样品进行光催化转化CO2和H2O的实验研究,并采用透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外可见漫反射（UV—Vis DRS）、比表面...     

Te掺杂n型GaAs材料的光致发光研究

对Ｔｅ掺杂ｎ型ＧａＡｓ材料在３００～６０Ｋ之间的辐射复合进行光致发光（ＰＬ）研究。用发射波长为５１０．６ｎｍ和５７８．２ｎｍ的溴化亚铜激光器为激发光源。在所选取的狭缝宽度下谱仪的分辨率约为２ｎｍ。所提供的数据全部经过系统灵敏度校正并进行分峰拟合。对ＰＬ谱中一些主要特征进行讨论，认为Ｔ１，Ｔ２，Ｔ３三个发射带分别对应着导带价带（Ｔ１）和施主受主（Ｔ２，Ｔ３）的跃迁，它们随温度变化的情况与带隙宽度及电子填充状态随温度变化有关。此外，还注意到ＰＬ谱的长波端（～９５０ｎｍ）呈上扬趋势，表明可能在低能区域存在一个与深能级复合有关的宽发射带     

纳米晶La_（1－_x）Sr_xFeO_3的合成及气敏特性的研究

用柠檬酸盐法合成出Ｌａ_（１－_ｘ）Ｓｒ_ｘＦｅＯ_３（ｘ＝０．１，０．２，０．３，０．４）原粉，再经固相反应得到纳米晶粉末，用ＴＧ、ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ、ＩＲ进行了表征，确证复合氧化物Ｌａ_（１－_ｘ）Ｓｒ_ｘＦｅＯ_３为钙钛矿型结构，粒径在１０～２５ｎｍ之间。实验结果表明，随着固相反应条件不同，产物粒径呈规律性变化．气敏特性研究表明，该纳米晶材料对乙醇有较高的选择性和灵敏度，其选择性顺序为Ｌａ_（０．９）Ｓｒ_（０．１）ＦｅＯ_３＞ＬａＦｅＯ_３＞ＬａＦｅＯ_３（大晶粒）。     

Efficient catalytic degradation of single and binary azo dyes by a novel triple nanocomposite of Mn3O4/Ag/SiO2

The strategy of structurally integrating noble metal and metal oxides is expected to offer exceptional opportunities toward emerging functions of all. We report the creation of an efficient hetero-structured nanocatalyst consisting of Mn₃O₄ core, SiO₂ shell impregnated with noble Ag nanoparticles. The triple nanocatalyst Mn₃O₄/Ag/SiO₂ was synthesized by using a facile three-step approach to disperse Ag nanoparticles between the surfaces of functionalized Mn₃O₄ and SiO₂. The physicochemical structural characterization was performed by XRD and FTIR. The surface morphologies were observed by SEM and TEM. The EDX measurements confirmed the composition of the composite. The nanocomposite has been used as a catalyst for the degradation of Direct blue 78 in the presence of sodium borohydride (NaBH₄). It has a drastic catalytic effect as compared to Mn₃O₄/Ag and Mn₃O₄. The rate constant of Direct blue 78 reduction followed the order: Mn₃O₄/Ag/SiO₂ (0.25166 min⁻¹) > Mn₃O₄/Ag (0.07971 min⁻¹) > Mn₃O₄ (0.00947 min⁻¹). The effects of different reaction conditions of the catalytic reaction have been determined. The catalytic activity of the as- synthesized nanocomposite was examined for the binary dyes system by incorporation of an additional dye (Sunset yellow). Its influence on the degradation rate and efficiency of Direct blue 78 was investigated. The nanocatalyst exhibited excellent catalytic activity towards the complete degradation of both the Direct blue 78 and Sunset yellow. The degradation percentage for these dyes reached 99.33 and 94.68%, respectively. The recovery and reusability of the Mn₃O₄/Ag/SiO₂ nanocomposite was studied in the reduction reaction of Direct blue 78. Five consecutive recovery reaction cycles were performed. They revealed high stability and constant efficiency of the catalyst for four cycles.     

Fabrication and Characterization of Tailored TiO_2 and WO_3/MWCNT Composites for Methylene Blue Decomposition

A sol-gel method was used to prepare WO3/MWCNT-TiO2 composites.Their photocatalytic activities were evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under UV light.The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,specific surface area measurement,energy-dispersive X-ray analysis,transmission and scanning electron microscopy.Aqueous MB solutions of 100 ml were photodegraded by a small amount of the WO3/MWCNT-TiO2 composite under UV light irradiation.The photocatalytic data showed that the WO...     

Facile Synthesis of C3N4/Ag Composite Nanosheets as SERS Substrate for Monitoring the Catalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue

The C₃N₄/Ag composite nanosheets were facilely prepared via an in situ reduction processand Ag nanoparticles were well dispersed on the surface of C₃N₄ nanosheets. The unique two-dimensional structure and strong interactions between C₃N₄ nanosheetsand Ag nanoparticles contributed the good surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) property due to the electromagnetic field enhancement. In addition, the as-prepared C₃N₄/Ag composite nanosheets could be used as catalysts or photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue(MB) in the presence of NaBH₄ or under visible light. Therefore, a facile SERS monitoring of the catalytic and photocatalytic degradation process of MB and the determination of the reaction kinetics were developed.     

Photocatalytic and magnetic titanium dioxide/polystyrene/magnetite composite hybrid polymer particles

Novel multifunctional titanium dioxide (TiO₂)/polystyrene/magnetite composite hybrid polymer particle dispersions with TiO₂ nanoparticles in the surface and magnetite nanoparticles encapsulated inside the polymer matrix were produced by Pickering miniemulsion polymerization in one single step. Whereas TiO₂ nanoparticles were used to impart photocatalytic functionality and colloidal stability, magnetite nanoparticles were incorporated to allow an easy extraction for recovery and reuse of the composite multifunctional particles. The morphology of the composite particles was assessed by scanning transition electron microscopy (STEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX). The paramagnetism of the particles was analyzed using a SQUID magnetometer and their photocatalytic activity was assessed by degrading methylene blue (MB) solutions under UV light and by recovering and reusing of the particles in five consecutive cycles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 3350–3356     

Raman Spectra of Molecules Adsorbed on Ag Centers in Sol-Gel Matrices

Silica monoliths and submicron spheres containing silver nanoparticles have been obtained using the sol gel technology. The Ag inclusions were synthesized via the counterdiffusion method. The silver-doped matrices were immersed in solutions of an organic dye (indocyanine green) enabling the solute molecules to interact with surface of the Ag-doped silica matrices. Raman spectra of free solutions of the organic molecules under investigation, the impregnated Ag-doped matrices and the impregnated Ag-free matrices have been measured. The impregnated silica matrices which did not contain silver nanoparticles were used as a reference. These experiments have been performed in order to establish if Raman signal enhancement could be obtained by adsorption of organic molecules on the surface of Ag inclusions in the sol-gel matrices analogously to the standard surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method.     

Reevaluation of the structure and fundamental physical properties of dawsonites by DFT studies

Dawsonite-type compounds, with the general formula MAlCO(3)(OH)(2), where M = Na(+), K(+), or NH(4)(+), recently have become attractive materials because of their potential interest in geochemical CO(2) sequestration, CO(2) capture in power plants, and heterogeneous catalysis. However, the number of studies assessing the properties of these materials is limited. In the present paper, we report a theoretical reevaluation of the structural and essential physicochemical properties of Na-, K-, and NH(4)-dawsonites as determined by density functional theory (DFT) investigations. The calculated structure of Na- and K-dawsonites is in good agreement with previous data, while for NH(4)AlCO(3)(OH)(2), the calculations suggest orientation disorder of the ammonium ions in the structure. The normal-mode analysis, electronic and bonding properties, and elastic properties are reported for the three analogue dawsonites. The calculated formation enthalpy is -1714, -1699, and -1655 kJ/mol for K-, Na-, and NH(4)-dawsonite, respectively. This study comprises a first step toward a better understanding of the diversity of dawsonite intrinsic properties, which is required to tune their practical applications.     

Catalytic degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solutions over Ni- and Co- oxide systems

The oxidative catalytic degradation of the cationic dye methylene blue (MB) with NaOCl in aqueous solutions was studied using individual and iron modified Ni- and Co-oxide systems as catalysts. The adsorption extent and the contribution of the uncatalyzed oxidation on the overall degree of MB were determined. The results indicate that methylene blue—a representative of a class of dyestuffs resistant to biodegradation—could be successfully decolorized and degraded using nickel and cobalt oxide catalysts at room temperature. The highest catalytic activity manifests in the Co-oxide system which is consistent with the adsorption data. The oxidative degradation reaction proceeds via first-order kinetics. Temperature has a relatively small effect on the methylene blue degradation kinetics. The results obtained reveal that the catalysts investigated are suitable for oxidative destruction of methytlene blue dye in wastewaters.      

Green synthesis of hematite/TUD-1 nanocomposite as efficient photocatalyst for bromophenol blue and methyl violet degradation

Hematite immobilized on TUD-1 nanocomposite was prepared via sol-gel composite formation of biosynthesized hematite nanoparticles with TUD-1 precursor. The nanocomposite was characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopes/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope, gas sorption analysis, and UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectrophotometer. Photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposite was examined in bromophenol blue and methyl violet degradation. The results showed that hematite nanoparticles obtained by the biosynthesis has particle size ranging at 20–100 nm. The nanocomposite of hematite/TUD-1 exhibit the homogeneous dispersion of the hematite in the mesoporous structured TUD-1. The smaller dispersed hematite nanoparticles affects to the increasing band gap energy of hematite, and is responsible for the efficient photocatalytic degradation of bromophenol blue and methyl violet. It is found that degradation efficiencies of the reactions over hematite/TUD-1 nanocomposite are 94.6% for bromophenol blue, and 96.7% for methyl violet. The degradation efficiency and kinetics constant of the degradation reaction expressed the effectiveness of the nanocomposite since the values are comparable with the hematite nanoparticles and other reported photocatalysts.     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of eccentric Au-titania core-shell nanoparticles by block copolymer templates

A novel route for a preparation of eccentric Au-titania core-shell nanoparticles using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with block copolymer shells as a template is reported. AuNPs with poly(2-vinyl pyridine)-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PVP-b-PEO) block copolymer shells are first prepared by UV irradiation of the solution of PVP-b-PEO/HAuCl(4) complexes. Then the sol-gel reaction of titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) selectively on the surfaces of AuNPs leads to Au-titania core-shell composite nanoparticles. The eccentric Au-titania core-shell nanoparticles are obtained from the Au-titania core-shell composite nanoparticles by removal of organic interlayer by UV treatment. Photocatalytic activities of the resulting eccentric core-shell nanoparticles are investigated in terms of the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results show that the eccentric core-shell structures endow the catalyst with greatly enhanced photocatalytic activity.     

Characterization of polypyrrole-silver nanocomposites prepared in the presence of different dopants

Conducting polypyrrole (PPy) powder synthesized by using FeCl3 x 6 H2O and/or Fe(NO3)3 oxidants was impregnated in silver salt solutions. The stability and decomposition of the material was followed by thermogravimetric measurements. The total silver content was determined by atom absorption spectroscopy (ICP-AAS). The heat and electric conductivities of the composites were measured and correlated with the silver content. The incorporated silver was speciated and measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The spectra proved that the chemical state of the silver incorporated into the composite depends on the anion used in the polymerization process. In the case of the polymerization in a nitrate ion containing solution, the impregnation leads exclusively to the formation of metallic silver. The size distribution of the AgCl and Ag nanoparticles, determined from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) pictures in the different composites, proves the formation of a rather uniform species below 10 and 7 nm, respectively. The observations can be correlated with the different interactions in the PPy-chloride/nitrate-silver systems. The redox type interaction based conclusions can be considered as a guide during the preparation of other metal-conducting polymer composites.