Tert-butyl N-(2-bromocyclohex-2-enyl)-N-(2-furylmethyl)carbamate的结构和振动光谱

The molecular structure, conformafional stability, and vibrational frequencies of ten-butyl N-（2- bromocyclohex-2-enyl）-N-（2-furylmethyl）carbamate （TBBFC） were investigated by utilizing the Hartree-Fock （HF） and density functional theory （DFT） ab initio calculations with 6-31G ^＊ and 6-31G^＊ ＊ basis sets. The optimized bond length and angle values obtained by HF method showed the best agreement with the experimental values. Comparison of the observed and calculated fundamental vibrational frequencies indicated that B3LYP was superior to the scaled HF approach for molecular problems. Optimal uniform scaling factors calculated for the title compound are 0.899/0.904, 0.958/0.961, and 0.988/0.989 for HF, B3LYP, and BLYP （6-31G ^＊/6-31G ^＊ ＊）, respectively.     

Electronic, optical, and charge transfer properties of donor–bridge–acceptor hydrazone sensitizers

The ground state geometries have been computed by using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G*, B3LYP/6-31G**, and PCM-B3LYP/6-31G* level of theories. The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) are delocalized on whole of the molecule and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) are localized on the tricarbonitrile. The lowest HOMO and LUMO energies have been observed for Dye1 while highest for Dye4. The LUMO energies of Dye1–Dye4 are above the conduction band of TiO₂ and HOMOs are below the redox couple. The absorption spectra have been computed in solvent (methanol) and without solvent by using time-dependant DFT at TD-B3LYP/6-31G*, TD-B3LYP/6-31G**, and PCM-TD-B3LYP/6-31G* level of theories. The calculated maximum absorption wavelengths of the spectra in methanol are in good agreement with experimental evidences. The maximum absorption wavelengths of new designed sensitizers are red shifted compared to parent molecule. The electronic coupling constant and electron injection have been computed by first principle investigations. The improved electronic coupling constant and electron injection revealed that new modeled systems would be efficient sensitizers.     

DFT法研究3-羟基丙烯醛的双键旋转异构反应机理

利用密度泛函理论(DFT)分别在B3LYP/6-31G**和B3LYP/6-311＋＋G**的计算水平上优化了基态3-羟基丙烯醛分子在双键旋转异构反应过程中的平衡态以及过渡态的几何构型，分析了反应过程中键参数的变化，计算了该反应的内禀反应坐标(IRC)，发现在重排反应途径上存在一个四元环骨架的中间体.通过振动分析对平衡态和过渡态进行了确认，并得到了零点能.计算结果表明，基态3-羟基丙烯醛分子的双键旋转异构反应经过两步完成，第一步反应位垒稍高，第二步反应位垒较低，存在着发生重排反应的可能性.     

DFT法研究离子液中EMIM＋催化丁烯双键异构反应机理

利用密度泛函方法(DFT)分别在B3LYP/6-31G**和B3LYP/6-311＋＋G**的计算水平上优化了离子液体中1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑阳离子(EMIM＋)催化丁烯双键异构反应过程中的反应物、产物以及过渡态的几何构型,分析了反应过程中键参数的变化.通过振动分析对平衡态和过渡态进行了验证,并得到了零点能.通过计算内禀反应坐标(IRC),确认了对应于过渡态的反应物和产物. 计算结果表明,EMIM＋催化丁烯双键异构可以基元反应的方式一步完成,1-丁烯异构化为2-丁烯的活化能约为192 kJ•mol－1, 逆反应活化能约为208 kJ•mol－1, 可在室温或高于室温条件下进行.     

DFT study of conjugational electronic structures of aminoalkyl end-capped oligothiophenes up to octamers

The molecular geometries and electronic properties of a series of bis(aminoalkyl) end-capped oligothiophenes (BRnTs) were investigated by means of the density functional theory (DFT). The calculations were performed on dimers up to octamers in the neutral and ionic species using the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. The results obtained show that the conjugated systems in the p- and n-doped oligomers had more aromaticity, with expanded and planar chains. The calculated energy gap values between the frontier molecular orbitals for the end-capped oligomers were larger than those for the unsubstituted oligomers, in which with increase in the oligomer chain length, the conduction band gap decreased. The calculated first excitation energies of BRnTs at the TD-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level indicated that both doped oligomers (p- and n-type) had lower excitation energies than the neutral states, and that they displayed red shifts in their absorption spectra. Moreover, the results obtained for the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis showed that closing the end-side oligothiophene chains with the aminoalkyl groups eased the hole or electron transfer, owning to better charge delocalization through the backbone structures of BRnTs.     

An X-ray and DFT Computational Study on 1-（Naphthalene-2-yl）-2-（1H-pyrazol-1-yl） ethanone O-butyl Oxime

The title compound, 1-(naphthalene-2-yl)-2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)ethanone O-butyl oxime, I, was synthesized. The crystal and molecular structures of I were determined by IR, 1H-NMR, mass spectrum, elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Molecular geometry from X-ray experiment of I in the ground state was compared using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set. In addition, DFT calculation, molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP) and frontier molecular orbitals of I were performed at the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level of the theory.     

Ground- and excited-state proton transfer and rotamerism in 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole and its O/"NH or S"-substituted derivatives

The intramolecular proton-transfer process, rotational process, and optical properties of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (HOXD) and its O/"NH"- and O/"S"-substituted derivatives, 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-triazole (HOT) and 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole (HOTD), respectively, have been studied. DFT (B3LYP/6-31+G**) single-point energy calculations were performed using HF- and DFT-optimized geometries in the ground state (S0). TD-B3LYP/6-31+G** calculations using CIS-optimized geometries were carried out to investigate the properties of the first singlet excited state (S1) and first triplet excited state (T1). The computational results revealed that a high-energy barrier inhibits the proton transfer from cis-enol (Ec) to keto (K) form in S0, whereas the proton transfer in S1 can take place through a very-low-energy barrier. The rotation between Ec and trans-enol (Et) can occur in S0 through a low-energy barrier, whereas it is prohibited because of the high-energy barrier in S1 for each of the three molecules. The vertical excitation energies were calculated using the TD-B3LYP/6-31+G** method based on the HF- and CIS-optimized geometries. Absorption and fluorescence wavelengths of HOT show a hypsochromic shift (6-15 nm) relative to HOXD, while those of HOTD show a bathochromic shift (21-29 nm). The phosphorescence wavelength of HOTD shows a significant bathochromic shift relative to that of HOXD.     

Experimental and density functional theory and ab initio Hartree-Fock study on the vibrational spectra of 2-(4-fluorobenzylideneamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid

2-(4-Fluorobenzylideneamino)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid (4-FT) was synthesized through the reaction of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and l-tyrosine in refluxing EtOH. The structure of 4-FT was verified by measuring 1H NMR, FTIR and Raman. The ground-state geometries were optimized at B3LYP/6-31G**, B3LYP/6-31G*, HF/6-31G** and HF/6-31G* levels without symmetry constrains. The vibrational wavenumbers of 4-FT were calculated at same levels. The scaled spectra using B3LYP methods, which are in a good agreement with the measured spectra, are superior to those calculated using HF methods.     

CnAl (n=2-11)团簇的结构特征与稳定性

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法, 在6-311++G**水平上对CnAl(n=2-11)团簇的几何构型和电子结构进行了结构优化和振动频率计算. 结果表明, n=2的CnAl团簇基态结构为Al原子与两个C原子相连形成的环状结构, n=3-11均为Al原子端基配位的线状结构. 通过对基态结构的能量分析, 得到了n为偶数的CnAl团簇比n为奇数团族稳定的结论.     

2-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-benzoic acid methyl ester: crystal structure, DFT calculations and biological activity evaluation

In the present study, structural properties of 2-[(1H-benzimidazol-2-ylmethyl)-amino]-benzoic acid methyl ester have been studied extensively by spectral methods and X-ray crystallography. Quantum mechanical calculations of energies, geometries, vibrational wavenumbers, NMR and electronic transitions were carried out by DFT using B3LYP functional combined with 6-31G(d) basis set. Natural bond orbitals (NBO) analysis and frontier molecular orbitals were performed at the same level of theory. DFT calculations showed good agreement between the theoretical and experimental values of optimized and X-ray structure as well as between the vibrational and NMR spectroscopy. The title compound was screened for its antibacterial activity referring to Tetracycline as standard antibacterial agent.     

Structural studies of two Tinuvin P analogs: 2-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole and 2-phenyl-2H-benzotriazole

2-(2,4-Dimethylphenyl)-2H-benzotriazole (1) has been synthesized in a three step procedure starting from 2,4-dimethyl-N-(2-nitrophenyl)benzamide via a 5-(2,4- dimethylphenyl)-1-(2-nitrophenyl)-1H-tetrazole intermediate. Its structure and those of Tinuvin P and 2-phenyl-2H-benzotriazole (5) have been studied by multinuclear NMR (1H-, 13C- and 15N-) in solution and in the solid state. X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 and 5 allowed to us establish the molecular conformation around the single bond connecting the two aromatic systems, in agreement with the conclusions drawn from the NMR study. In the case of 1 ab initio geometry optimization was achieved at the Hartree-Fock HF/6- 31G** and DFT B3LYP/6-31G** levels.     

Experimental and density functional theory and ab initio Hartree-Fock study on the vibrational spectra of 2-(4-fluorobenzylideneamino)-3-mercaptopropanoic acid

2-(4-Fluorobenzylideneamino)-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (4-FC) was synthesized through the reaction of 4-fluorobenzaldehyde and l-cysteine in refluxing EtOH. Its structure was verified by (1)H NMR, FT-IR and Raman. The ground-state geometries were optimized at B3LYP/6-31G**, B3LYP/6-31G*, HF/6-31G** and HF/6-31G* levels without symmetry constrains, respectively. The vibrational wavenumbers of 4-FC were calculated at same level. The scaled theoretical spectra using B3LYP methods, which are in a good agreement with the experimental ones, are superior to those using HF methods.     

Electron momentum spectroscopy of CF2Cl2: experimental and theoretical momentum profiles for outer valence orbitals

Electron momentum distributions for outer valence orbitals of CF2Cl2 have been obtained by (e,2e) electron momentum spectroscopy at an incident energy of 1200 eV + binding energy. The experimental electron momentum profiles are compared with Hartree-Fock and density functional theory (DFT) calculations using B3LYP hybrid functional with the 6-31G and 6-311+G* basis sets. Generally, the shapes of the experimental momentum profiles are well reproduced by DFT calculations using larger basis sets 6-311 + G*. An attempt has been made to clarify the ordering of the outer valence orbitals, which have been in controversy, by comparing experimental results with B3LYP/6-311 + G* calculations.     

Ab initio studies on isomers of macropolyhedral borane ions [B20H18]n (n = 0, -2, -4)

Various isomers of macropolyhedral borane ions [B20H18]n (n = 0, -2, -4) are investigated by using the density functional theory methods at RB3LYP/6-31+G* and RB3LYP/6-31G* levels to obtain the optimized geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies, electron structures, and the stability order. The calculated results show that optimized bond lengths are consistent with the available experimental values and the natural populations, taking [a2 -B20H18]4- (4) as an example, are also in agreement with NMR spectra. The calculated vibrational frequencies are all real, so all of these isomers could be stable, among which [a2 -B20H18]2- (3) and [a2 -B20H18]0 (7) are considered for the first time in this paper. On the basis of the contour maps of molecular orbitals, the delocalized characteristic of molecular orbitals and the possible redox mechanism of these ions are also discussed. Moreover, the analysis on counting of skeletal bonding electrons shows that the isomers (1)-(6) obey the electronic requirement predicted by the mno rule, whereas the newly predicted isomer (7) does not match the mno rule.     

2-溴丙酸气相热消除反应的机理

用密度泛函（DFT）方法,在B3LYP/6-31G**水平上对2-溴丙酸气相消除反应机理进行了研究.计算表明,反应主要是通过半极化五元环结构过渡态进行的,羧基上的氢原子协助溴原子离去,羧基氧原子帮助稳定过渡态.在B3LYP/6-311＋＋G(3df,3pd)水平上对B3LYP/6-31G**优化的几何构型进行了单点能计算,计算所得反应的速度控制步骤的活化能为189.461 kJ•mol－1,偏离实验值((180.3±3.4) kJ•mol－1)5.08％.     

（E）-1-[4-（2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylideneamino）-phenyl]ethanone and （E）-1-[4-（2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino） phenyl]ethanone：X-ray and DFT-calculated structures

The isomeric structures of(E)-1-[4-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzylideneamino)-phenyl] ethanone(I) and(E)-1-[4-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzylideneamino) phenyl]ethanone(Ⅱ) ,both C16H15NO3,have been determined using X-ray diffraction techniques and characterized by IR,and their molecular structures have also been optimized at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level using density functional theory(DFT) . The energetic behaviors of the title compounds in solvent media have been examined using B3LYP method with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set by applying the polarizable continuum model(PCM) . The total energies of the title compounds decrease with the increasing polarity of the solvent. In addition,DFT calculations of the title compounds' molecular electrostatic potentials(MEP) were performed at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. X-ray study shows that the title compounds both have strong intramolecular O-H…N hydrogen bonds. The molecules of Ⅰ are linked into a one-dimensional framework structure by C-H…π interactions,while in Ⅱ,intermolecular π···π interactions result in the formation of infinite chains running along the [010].     

四唑互变异构反应的密度泛函理论(DFT)研究

运用11种密度泛函理论方法对四唑互变异构反应进行了计算研究。结果表明,B3LYP-DFT法与从头算的优化几何和能量最为吻合;在6-31^*基组下B3LYP计算的IR频率与MP2/6-311G^*^*计算结果相差很小;用未经校正的B3LYP计算频率求得的产物(2H-四唑)的热力学性质与实测结果也完全一致;由此推荐B3LYP-DFT法适合于对四唑化合物作系统研究。     

AMT异构体互变机理的理论研究

用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP/6-311G(d, p)和Müller-Plesset微扰理论的MP2/6-31G(d)方法，优化了AMT(2-氨基-5-巯基-1,3,4-噻二唑)各种异构体和过渡态结构的几何构型，并对它们的电子结构、振动光谱和化学键性质进行了研究.还研究了AMT异构体的互变机理，提出了AMT异构体abcda的循环式互变途径.进一步完成了对AMT异构体成键方式的自然键轨道(NBO)分析.     

Theoretical investigation of structures and electronic states of a series of phenyl-capped oligothiophenes

The structures and electronic states of a series of phenyl-capped oligothiophenes (PnTs) and their ionic species were investigated by means of the density functional theory (DFT). The calculations were performed on the oligomers formed by n repeating units, where n ranges from 2 to 6, using the B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory. The results obtained show that the end-substitution plays a fine-tuning effect on the geometries, electronics, and excitation states. It was found that the oligomers in the doped state have more satisfactory structural and electronic characteristics for the conducting polymers. The conjugated system in the doped oligomers has more aromaticity, with expanded and planar chains. The calculated energy gap values between the frontal molecular orbitals for the PnTs indicate that with increasing the oligomer chain length, the conductive band gap decreases. The calculated ?rst excitation energies of the PnTs at the TD-B3LYP/6-31G** level reveal that the doped PnTs have lower excitation energies than the neutral states. The oligomer chains with a phenyl ring as the end-capped group display red shifts in their absorption spectra. The end-caped substituted oligothiophenes display better characteristics than the unsubstituted ones. It could be anticipated that the phenyl-caped substitution would be helpful to charge-carrier hopings between chains, and thereby, enhance the conductivity.     

CH2FCF3与O(1D)反应机理的理论研究

用量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)和G3(MP2)B3方法,对O(1↑D)与CH2FCF3的反应进行了研究．在UB3LYP/6-31G(d)计算水平上,优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,在G3(MP2)B3水平上进行了单点计算,并利用UB3LYP/6-311 G(3df,3pd)计算的波函数进行了电荷密度分析．通过内禀坐标(IRC)计算和振动分析,对反应过渡态进行了确认,并确定了反应机理．