[1,2]-Wittig rearrangement of acetals. Part 2: The influence of reaction conditions

Acetals of seven alcohols with (+)-camphor derived enantiomerically pure 7,8,8-trimethyl-4,7-methanobenzofuran-2-ol were subjected to different reaction conditions favorable for a [1,2]-Wittig rearrangement. Results with regard to conversion, yield and stereochemical course depending on the reaction conditions are discussed.     

Studies on the stereochemistry of addition reactions of cyclohexanones : A dichotomy in substituent effect depending on reaction conditions

The stereochemistry of addition reactions of 4-t-Bu, 4-OMe and 4-C1 cyclohexanones, determined under seven different reaction conditions is described. A dichotomy in the substituent influence on stereochemistry is outlined and discussed suggesting that it parallels the changes in reaction mechanism.     

超支化聚硅(碳/氧)烷的研究进展

总结了近十年来超支化聚有机硅(碳/氧)烷的研究进展,其中着重综述了硅氢加成反应、亲核取代反应和脱氢反应在制备超支化聚硅(碳/氧)烷的过程中各种因素对反应过程及产物物化性能的影响。     

微波与有机化学反应的选择性*

本文综述了微波辅助下有机化学反应的选择性,包括化学选择性、区域选择性、顺反选择性、非对映选择性、对映选择性,与传统加热条件下反应选择性的区别。讨论了微波对有机化学反应选择性的影响。从文献报道的结果来看,虽然观察到了一些反应在微波照射与加热条件下显示出不同的选择性,但绝大部分例子并不是在严格相同的条件下进行的对比,还有一些虽然做了对比研究,但却忽略了温度的影响。对于绝大多数例子,微波产生的选择性的差别似乎都可以用热效应来解释。可以认为微波辅助的反应中基本不存在特殊的"非热效应"。微波辅助技术可以通过改变反应温度来实现改变某些反应的选择性。希望本文对微波效应和微波对有机反应加速效应的本质的理解提供一些有用信息。     

One-pot Three-component Mannich Reaction Catalyzed by 2-Hydroxylpyridine

An effcient synthetic protocol for the β-amino carbonyl compounds was developed via one-pot three-component Mannich reaction of aromatic aldehydes, aromatic amines and cyclohexanone catalyzed by 2-hydroxylpy-ridine under mild reaction conditions. β-Amino carbonyl compounds were obtained in moderate to good yields and reasonable diastereoselectivities. The effects of different solvents, catalyst amounts and the scope of different substrates on the Mannich reactions were investigated. The plausible reaction mechanism was also discussed.     

Prediction of HPLC retention times in gradient elution from isocratic data application to a set of non-homologous compounds and different stationary phases

Summary Polymethyloctylsiloxane-coated stationary phases have been prepared for liquid chromatography, by thermal reaction. The influence of the reaction conditions on retention and efficiency of test substances with different structures has been discussed. The materials have good stability in both acidic and basic eluents.     

电喷雾质谱技术研究反应条件对三种含硫氨基酸自组装成肽的影响

研究了三氯氧磷辅助下3种含硫氨基酸的自组装成肽反应,利用电喷雾质谱技术,考察了反应时间、温度和溶剂对3种含硫氨基酸成肽反应的影响,比较了三氯氧磷辅助下3种含硫氨基酸成肽的反应活性.可为寡肽的合成提供一种新的方法.     

2-乙基己基膦酸单(2-乙基己基)酯(HEH[EHP])萃取稀土元素机理的研究Ⅰ.稀土元素(Ⅲ)在HNO3-H2O-HEH[EHP]体系中的分配及温度和溶剂效应

本文研究了HEH[EHP]的正己烷溶液在不同浓度(0—11M)的硝酸介质中萃取稀土元素(Ⅲ)的平衡规律。借助IR、NMR测定和斜率法研究了不同硝酸浓度下的萃取平衡反应,计算了不同萃取机理的浓度平衡常数。研究了温度和溶剂对萃取平衡的影响,测定了不同硝酸浓度和温度下各相邻元素对的分离因数,计算了萃取平衡反应的焓变值△H、相对自由能变化值△Z_z以及相对熵变值△S_z,并考察了这些热力学函数随原子序数的递变规律。     

正十二烷醇与环氧乙烷的加成反应动力学研究──最佳反应时间的确定

正十二烷醇与环氧乙烷的加成反应动力学研究──最佳反应时间的确定张仁权,张维冰,李葵英,王万兴（齐齐哈尔轻工学院化工系,齐齐哈尔,１６１００６）关键词正十二烷醇聚氧乙烯醚,碱催化,聚合度在工业生产中脂肪醇与环氧乙烷的加成反应多采用ＫＯＨ和ＮａＯＨ等强碱...     

负载型过氧磷钨杂多化合物上正己醇催化氧化成正己酸

由正己醇合成正己酸不仅可以提高附加值,还能生产己酸类香料以及多种医药产品．利用杂多过氧磷钨季铵盐催化剂,以对环境友好的H2O2 为氧化剂催化十八醇氧化成十八酸的研究已有报道［1,2],但合成负载型相转移催化剂并用于本课题的研究还未见报道．由于过氧磷钨十八烷基季铰盐催化剂（POWP）通常只有很小的比表面积,而SiO2不仅有大的比表面积,同时它所具有的表面羟基是杂多化合物的良好载体［2],POWP负载后的催化剂（POWPS）与未负载的POWP相比,将正己醇氧化为正已酸的收率提高了10多个百分点．     

A Novel Synthesis of Diethyl Malonate

Diethyl malonate (DEM) is an important starting material in pharmaceutical and agricultural chemical industries. Traditional synthetic method by reaction mono chloroacetic acid with sodium cyanide1 is unfriendly to environment and involves complicated procedures. Therefore, green synthesis routes of diethyl malonate were investigated actively in past decade. There have been proposed various processes for preparing DEM by carbonylation of ethyl chloroacetate catalyzed by Co2(CO)82, 3. Howev…     

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structure Analysis of Indium Vanadate （InVO4）

1 INTRODUCTION Indium vanadate is a kind of vanadate compounds. There are two crystal phase structures, metastable monocline structure and stable orthogonal structure. Orel, B.[1] and his partners have discovered that V of tetrahedron VO4 has very sensitive energy gap band. Through XPS study of orthogonal InVO4, it is found that its band gap is shorter than those of InNbO4 and InTaO4, and its band-gap energy is 2.0 eV[4]. Ortho- gonal InVO4 can act during the range from short- wav…     

Synthesis of imidazo-1,4-oxazinone derivatives and investigation of reaction mechanism

In this study, nine different C-2 aroyl imidazole derivatives were synthesized in a one pot reaction with two steps, and the reduction reactions of these derivatives with NaBH₄ were carried out under mild conditions. Substitution reaction of obtained imidazo methanol derivatives with chloroacetylchloride reagent and ring reaction of substitution products were investigated. It was determined that 1,4-imidazoxazinone derivative was obtained as a result of the cyclization reaction. The intermediate products obtained during the cyclization reaction were isolated, and the path of the reaction under different conditions was discussed.     

Study of processes in the hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry of antimony,arsenic and selenium

Studies of the decomposition rate of the reducing agent sodium tetrahydroborate in alkaline and acidic media and of the reaction rate of the formation of the hydrides under the usual analytical conditions are described. The stripping of the hydrides with different lengths of the stripping coil, with different amounts of hydrogen in the carrier gas and with sodium hydroxide added during and after the stripping process are discussed. Some evidence for the existence of an intermediate during the decomposition reaction of the sodium tetrahydroborate is given. The role of temperature, hydrogen and oxygen during the atomization of the hydrides in an electrically heated quartz cuvette is discussed. Under certain conditions, antimony atoms form dimers or elemental antimony precipitates in the heated cuvette.     

Mechanistic considerations on catalytic H/D exchange mediated by organometallic transition metal complexes

The purpose of this review is to analyze the different reaction mechanisms of the H/D exchange on organic substrates catalyzed by transition metal complexes in homogeneous phase. The metal-catalyzed H/D exchange is a multifaceted reaction whose mechanism depends strongly on the reaction conditions and on the metal complex used as a catalyst. It is possible to group the different mechanisms into three main families depending on the “role” and behavior of the catalyst: (i) Lewis acid–base catalysis; (ii) CH activation (iii) insertion/β-elimination. For each macro-group, several representative examples are discussed and critically evaluated in order to provide the reader with keys to the understanding of how the different catalytic systems act and how their modification may affect their performance in terms of activity and selectivity. This knowledge is fundamental for designing improved organometallic H/D catalysts for labeling organic products in greener conditions with more cost-effective processes.     

The influence of ageing in the kinetics of the electroreduction of gold oxide films of the order of a monolayer thickness

Gold oxide films of the order of a monolayer thickness are electroreduced under different potentiodynamic conditions. The electrochemical process is coupled to a chemical dissolution of the film and a solid phase transformation. Under controlled ageing the kinetics of the electroreduction reaction obey simple laws which are derived from reaction models already discussed in previous publications.     

界面缩聚——Ⅲ.由对-及间-苯二甲酰氯与双酚A界面共缩聚合成聚酚酯的反应规律性

研究了混合芳酰氯与双酚A界面共缩聚反应的规律性。结果表明:反应条件相同,合成聚酚酯需要比聚碳酸酯长得多的时间才能达到分子量最高值;收率与时间的关系,则与合成聚碳酸酯相同(反应数分钟后,就可以接近收率的最高值,但此时分子量颇低)。 从反应时限、收率、分子量三者的变化关系,发现了反应过程中聚合物的界面降解现象。界面降解的特点是失重虽多,而分子量下降极微,甚至没有下降。 酰氯-双酚配合比对分子量、收率影响的曲线图形与前报合成聚碳酸酯所得结果相仿,但分子量曲线的最大值转移至双酚过量之侧。而且,最大值的位置,在一定范围内随碱用量增高而向双酚过量愈甚处偏移。 反应物料乳液经稀释及导电试验证明系水/油型。 观察了有机相酰氯浓度对链增长速度及最终分子量的影响。结果表明,酰氯浓度愈大,短时间(≤1小时)产物的分子量愈高,而且分子量达到最高值所需的时间也愈短。每种浓度所能达到的最高分子量与酰氯浓度间的关系曲线,在0.4 克分子/升左右出现最大值。 碱用量、碱浓度及双酚浓度对分子量的效应和前报关于聚碳酸酯合成时所呈现的现象完全相似。 用红外光谱测定了各种反应条件下所得共缩聚物的对-与间-苯二甲酸的组成比例。     

2-(氨基苯基)六氟异丙醇衍生物的合成

以六氟丙酮三水合物和芳香胺为原料,合成了一系列2-芳胺基六氟异丙醇化合物。研究了反应中原料配比、催化剂种类及用量、溶剂种类、反应时间及取代基对反应的影响。结果表明,在六氟丙酮三水合物用量为90 mmol,芳香胺用量为30 mmol,对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂,其用量为苯胺物质量的6%时,回流反应5～35h,反应的转化率和收率分别高达40.1%～100.0%,39.0%～99.0%。同时本文对六氟丙酮三水合物和无水六氟丙酮与苯胺的反应机理进行了比较,推测了六氟丙酮三水合物与苯胺的反应历程,并通过对其中间产物结构的表征进一步确认了该历程。     

胆汁酸盐对胆红素钙沉淀过程的影响

研究了六种人胆汁主要胆汁酸盐对胆红素钙沉淀形成过程的影响。用曲线拟合法处理数据取得热力学及动力学参数。结果表明,六种胆汁酸盐都表现动力学和热力学抑制,而且抑制作用有浓度依赖关系。在一定条件下出现诱导期。虽然不同胆汁酸盐的作用结果相似,但在相同条件下,二羟基胆汁酸和三羟基胆汁酸影响程度不同。     

Zur säurekatalysierten Cyclisation von Verbindungen der Damascenon-Reihe

The acid catalyzed cyclisation of α- and β-diamascone ( 4 and 1 ) as well as β-damascenone ( 2 ) has been examined under different conditions. The reaction mechanism is discussed.