Ru掺杂对Fe催化剂上酚类化合物加氢脱氧影响的密度泛函理论研究北大核心CSCD

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算研究了苯酚、邻甲酚、愈创木酚在不同结构Ru-Fe(211)表面上吸附活化性能和加氢脱氧反应路径.结果表明,Ru掺杂能促进H2分子在Fe(211)表面上解离,提高加氢脱氧反应速率.酚类在1Ru_(ads)-Fe(211)表面上吸附比在1Ru_(sub)-Fe(211)表面上更稳定,苯酚和邻甲酚脱羟基步骤能垒分别降低0.13和0.28 eV,有利于生成芳烃.愈创木酚在1Ru_(sub)-Fe(211)表面上加氢脱氧优势路径是先脱甲氧基生成苯酚,苯酚再加氢脱氧生成产物苯(速控步骤能垒1.16 eV);而在1Ru_(ads)-Fe(211)表面上愈创木酚先脱羟基再脱甲基生成苯酚的路径更具有动力学优势(速控步骤能垒1.21 eV).计算结果表明Ru掺杂方式影响Fe催化剂对酚反应分子的吸附稳定性以及加氢脱氧反应路径和性能.与1Ru掺杂Fe(211)催化剂相比,增加Ru原子数形成4Ru_(ads)-Fe(211),能够进一步提高酚类反应物的吸附强度,但导致加氢脱氧反应能垒升高.因此,在Fe催化剂上以表面吸附的形式掺杂少量贵金属Ru更利于酚类加氢脱氧生成芳烃.     

镍掺杂对Fe催化剂上CO_2加氢制烃影响的理论计算研究

为研究镍掺杂对铁基催化剂上二氧化碳加氢生成C_1和C_2烃类产物的影响,应用密度泛函理论进行了相关计算.在Fe(110)和Ni-Fe(110)表面上, CH~*物种是最有利的生成CH_4和C_2H_4的C_1物种(CH_x~*),其最可能的生成路径为CO_2→HCOO~*→HCO~*→CH~*.尽管CO_2直接解离为CO~*在动力学上相较于加氢生成HCOO~*和COOH~*是较为有利的,但CO~*进一步加氢生成HCO~*在能量上是不利的,其倾向于逆向解离回到CO~*. CH~*物种可以通过三步加氢反应生成CH_4或者经C—C耦合及两步加氢生成C_2H_4.在Fe(110)表面上,对甲烷和乙烯产物选择性起决定作用的基元反应能垒之间差异仅为0.10 eV,因此两者选择性相近.在将Ni原子引入Fe(110)表面后,生成甲烷与乙烯的选择性差异变大,导致乙烯的选择性提高.计算结果表明,添加少量金属Ni能够促进CO_2转化为CH~*,及两个CH~*物种发生C—C耦合和进一步加氢转化为乙烯.     

Pd/Cu(111)双金属表面催化糠醛脱碳及加氢的反应机理

采用密度泛函理论(DFT)研究糠醛在最稳定Pd/Cu(111)双金属表面上的吸附构型和糠醛脱碳及加氢的反应机理。结果表明,当糠醛初始吸附于O_3-Pd-top、O_7-Cu-hcp位时,吸附构型最稳定,其吸附能为73.4 kJ/mol。糠醛在Pd/Cu(111)双金属表面上更易发生脱碳反应。对于糠醛脱碳反应,所需活化能较低,各个基元反应均为放热反应,糠醛更易先失去支链上的H形成(C_4H_3O)CO,然后中间体脱碳加氢得到呋喃,其中,C_4H_3O加氢生成呋喃所需活化能(72.6 kJ/mol)最高,是反应的控速步骤。对于加氢反应,糠醛与首个氢原子的反应需要最大的活化能(290.4 kJ/mol),是反应的限速步骤。     

In对Ni/SiO_2催化剂苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能的影响:苯环加氢及C-C键氢解的抑制作用（英文）

由可再生木质素基生物质油加氢脱氧制三苯(苯、甲苯及二甲苯)及燃油可减少对化石能源依赖、缓解环境问题,加氢脱氧催化剂的研究开发为众多学者密切关注.我们以低成本金属Ni为加氢脱氧活性组分,采用金属In对金属Ni催化剂进行改性,旨在增加以苯甲醚为模型反应物加氢脱氧中的三苯收率、降低金属Ni的C-C键氢解及甲烷化活性,提高反应过程中碳收率、降低耗氢量.采用等体积浸渍-程序升温还原法制备了Ni/SiO_2及Ni-In/SiO_2催化剂,研究了Ni/In比及Ni含量对In改性Ni/SiO_2催化剂结构和苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能的影响,利用H_2-TPR,H_2化学吸附,XRD,NH3-TPD,XPS,TEM及N2物理吸附-脱附等手段对催化剂及其前驱体进行了表征,采用石英管固定床反应器在300°C、常压、H_2/苯甲醚摩尔比25及苯甲醚重时空速0.4 h-1的反应条件下考察了催化剂苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能,分析了催化剂结构与性能之间的关系.H_2-TPR结果显示,金属In的加入抑制了催化剂前驱体中Ni物种的还原.XRD,H_2化学吸附,HAADF-STEM-EDS及XPS等结果表明,经450°C还原制备的Ni-In/SiO_2双金属催化剂中Ni和In接触紧密.In的加入明显降低了催化剂表面金属Ni的活性位数量;并且,Ni/In比越低Ni-In/SiO_2催化剂H_2化学吸附量越小.XPS结果还显示,Ni-In/SiO_2催化剂中存在金属In向Ni转移电子.上述结果说明,在Ni-In/SiO_2催化剂中金属Ni与In存在较强的相互作用.在苯甲醚加氢脱氧反应中,与Ni/SiO_2催化剂相比,Ni-In/SiO_2催化剂虽因表面Ni密度较低而具有较低苯甲醚转化率,但其苯环加氢、C-C键氢解及CO甲烷化活性较低,因而具有较高的三苯及环己烷选择性;并且,随Ni/In比的降低(即In含量的增加),Ni-In/SiO_2催化剂的加氢、氢解及甲烷化能力呈减弱趋势.随Ni质量含量提高,Ni-In/SiO_2双金属催化剂上苯甲醚转化率提高,但对三苯选择性及C-C键氢解能力影响不明显.经分析认为,与Ni/SiO_2相比,Ni-In/SiO_2催化剂较低的苯加氢及C-C键氢解活性与In对表面连续Ni位隔离作用及金属镍位电子云密度提高有关.在优化的反应条件下,Ni质量含量为40%、Ni/In比为40的Ni-In/SiO_2催化剂上三苯收率为60.4%,高于相同Ni质量含量Ni/SiO_2催化剂上三苯收率(51.6%).     

油水两相体系中非晶态NiB/SiO_2-Al_2O_3对生物油模型化合物的加氢脱氧研究

制备了负载型的非晶态NiB/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂,利用XRD、TEM、N2吸附-脱附和XPS表征手段对其进行了分析,并考查了催化剂在油水两相体系中对生物油模型化合物苯甲醚和愈创木酚的加氢脱氧性能。结果表明,在B的修饰作用下,Ni处于富电子状态,从而导致非晶态NiB/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂的加氢脱氧活性明显高于晶态Ni/SiO_2-Al_2O_3催化剂。提高催化反应温度和延长反应时间有利于愈创木酚和苯甲醚的加氢脱氧转化。在实验结果的基础上,对愈创木酚和苯甲醚的加氢脱氧反应路径进行了分析,为生物油加氢脱氧反应机理提供了参考依据。     

Co@C催化木质素衍生酚类化合物的加氢转化

采用溶剂热法合成Co-MOF,然后通过一步热解法制备了Co@C催化剂。通过N2物理吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析手段对Co@C催化剂的结构进行了表征。探讨了Co-MOF热解温度、反应温度、初始氢压以及反应时间对Co@C催化愈创木酚加氢转化的影响。结果表明,Co-MOF和Co@C中均以介孔为主;片层结构的Co-MOF热解后变成不规则的球状,并且随着热解温度升高,Co@C的比表面积不断减小。以Co@C-600为催化剂,在反应温度180℃、初始氢压2 MPa、反应时间2 h的条件下,愈创木酚完全转化,环己醇的选择性为92.8%。Co@C催化愈创木酚加氢转化的主要反应路径为先通过脱甲氧基生成苯酚,进一步加氢生成环己醇。此外,Co@C-600对苯酚、对甲氧基苯酚和4-甲基愈创木酚等其他衍生酚单体也具有较好的催化活性。     

乙腈、苯基氰在Cu(111)与Pd(100)表面上的吸附与反应

用高分辨电子能量损失谱(HREELS~*)对CH_3CN(乙腈)及C_6H_5CN(苯基氰)在清洁与氧覆盖的Cu(111)及Pd(100)表面上的吸附及其反应进行了研究。从198 K时CH_3CN吸附在Cu(111)及Pd(100)表面上的高分辨电子能量损失谱(HREELS)中观察到v(C≡N)几乎消失, 并在195 meV处出现一个较弱的v(C=N)谱带, 表明CH_3CN在吸附过程中C≡N再杂化为C=N,C,N原子分别与金属表面原子键合并C=N平行于表面。从198 K时C_6H_5CN在Pd(100)及Cu(111)上的HREELS表明C_6H_5CN的环平面与CN平行于金属表面。在185K时C_6H_5CN在氧覆盖的Pd(100)表面上的HREELS与其在清洁表面上的相似。并未观察到覆盖氧增强了C_6H_5CN在Pd(100)上的吸附及其它效应。C_6H_5CN吸附在氧覆盖的Cu(111)表面上产生了C_6H_5CNO的特征谱带。     

过渡金属卡宾配合物——Ⅶ.四羰基[乙氧基(芳基)卡宾]铁配合物的方便合成法

五羰基铁,Fe(CO)_5(1),与芳基锂(ArLi)在乙醚中于低温下反应,所生成的酰羰基锂中间体在水溶液中于0℃用Et_3OBF_4烷基化,制得六个标题配合物(C0)_4FeC(OC_2H_5)Ar(Ar:C_6H_5,2;o-CH_3C_6H_4,3;p-CH_3C_6H_4,4;p-CH_3OC_6H_4,5;C_6Cl_5,6;p-CF_3C_6H_4,7).当用p-CF_3C_6H_4Li作为亲核试剂与1反应时,除生成7外,还获得副产物对三氟甲基苯丙酮,p-CF_3C_6H_4COC_2H_5(8).     

NiFe双金属催化剂用于月桂酸甲酯加氢的研究

负载型Ni Fe/γ-Al_2O_3双金属催化剂的物理化学性质明显受还原温度的影响,进而影响月桂酸甲酯的加氢活性和产物选择性。金属Ni活性中心主要促进脱羰/脱羧(DOC)反应,Fe的加入能促进月桂酸甲酯发生加氢脱氧反应,促进C_(12)烷烃化合物生成。H_2-TPR、XRD、H_2-TPD和BET结果表明,高的还原温度有利于金属或合金活性中心形成,NiFe双金属催化剂的加氢活性取决于金属Ni、Fe和NiFe合金的含量;NiFe双金属催化剂吸附与活化H_2分子的能力明显受还原温度的影响。在研究的温度范围内,Ni活性中心具有优异的加氢和裂解性能,Fe物种的引入能有效抑制裂解性能。双金属催化剂的加氢活性顺序:NF420NF360NF450NF300,在420℃下经H_2还原制得的NF420催化剂具有最佳的月桂酸甲酯加氢性能,在反应温度为380℃时,月桂酸甲酯加氢转化率和烷烃化合物选择性分别高达93.3%和90.0%。     

富氧条件下钯催化剂上氢气还原氧化氮微观反应动力学研究

 通过单位键指标-二次指数势(UBI-QEP)方法估算反应的表观活化能进行反应机理的随机模拟,并结合实验结果研究了富氧条件下Pd基催化剂上H2还原NO的反应. 结果表明,反应的控制步骤是H2吸附活化产生H*(*表示活性位,H*表示吸附的H原子)的过程,当反应温度低于270 ℃时, H*来自基元反应O*+H*2OH*+H*,反应温度上升到310 ℃时, H*2+*2H*成为H*的主要来源. NO以(NO)*2的形式吸附在Pd催化剂表面,还原产物N2O来自两条途径,分别是(NO)*2的分解以及相邻的两个NO*分子之间的结合; N2主要来自N2O*的分解以及相邻的N*和NO*分子的结合; NH3则由中间产物HNO*经过逐步加氢生成. 富氧条件下, NO和O2之间存在吸附和反应的竞争,低温下NO在Pd表面的吸附几率远大于O2, 此时H2优先还原NO. 反应温度的升高导致各物种的吸附能力下降,其中NO的降低最明显,因此高温下催化剂表面的主要吸附物种由NO变为O2, 此时H2优先与O2反应. 在150～310 ℃范围内,实验结果和模拟数据非常吻合.     

Competing (1)πσ* mediated dynamics in mequinol: O-H versus O-CH(3) photodissociation pathways

Deactivation of excited electronic states through coupling to dissociative (1)πσ* states in heteroaromatic systems has received considerable attention in recent years, particularly as a mechanism that contributes to the ultraviolet (UV) photostability of numerous aromatic biomolecules and their chromophores. Recent studies have expanded upon this work to look at more complex species, which involves understanding competing dynamics on two different (1)πσ* potential energy surfaces (PESs) localized on different heteroatom hydride coordinates (O-H and N-H bonds) within the same molecule. In a similar spirit, the work presented here utilizes ultrafast time-resolved velocity map ion imaging to study competing dissociation pathways along (1)πσ* PESs in mequinol (p-methoxyphenol), localized at O-H and O-CH(3) bonds yielding H atoms or CH(3) radicals, respectively, over an excitation wavelength range of 298-238 nm and at 200 nm. H atom elimination is found to be operative via either tunneling under a conical intersection (CI) (298 ≥ λ ≥ 280 nm) or ultrafast internal conversion through appropriate CIs (λ ≤ 245 nm), both of which provide mechanisms for coupling onto the dissociative state associated with the O-H bond. In the intermediate wavelength range of 280 ≥ λ ≥ 245 nm, mediated H atom elimination is not observed. In contrast, we find that state driven CH(3) radical elimination is only observed in the excitation range 264 ≥ λ ≥ 238 nm. Interpretation of these experimental results is guided by: (i) high level complete active space with second order perturbation theory (CASPT2) calculations, which provide 1-D potential energy cuts of the ground and low lying singlet excited electronic states along the O-H and O-CH(3) bond coordinates; and (ii) calculated excitation energies using CASPT2 and the equation-of-motion coupled cluster with singles and doubles excitations (EOM-CCSD) formalism. From these comprehensive studies, we find that the dynamics along the O-H coordinate generally mimic H atom elimination previously observed in phenol, whereas O-CH(3) bond fission in mequinol appears to present notably different behavior to the CH(3) elimination dynamics previously observed in anisole (methoxybenzene).     

Experimental Investigation on Upgrading of Lignin‐Derived Bio‐Oils: Kinetic Analysis of Anisole Conversion on Sulfided CoMo/Al2O3 Catalyst

Kinetics of the hydroprocessing of anisole, a compound representative of lignin‐derived bio‐oils, catalyzed by a commercial sulfided CoMo/Al₂O₃, was determined at 8–20 bar pressure and 573–673 K with a once‐through flow reactor. The catalyst was sulfided in an atmosphere of H₂ + H₂S prior to the measurement of its performance. Selectivity‐conversion data were used as a basis for determining an approximate, partially quantified reaction network showing that hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydrogenolysis, and alkylation reactions take place simultaneously. The data indicate that these reactions can be stopped at the point where HDO is virtually completed and hydrogenation reactions (and thus H₂ consumption) are minimized. Phenol was the major product of the reactions, with direct deoxygenation of anisole to give benzene being kinetically almost insignificant under our conditions. We infer that the scission of the C_methyl–O bond is more facile than the scission of the C_aromatic–O bond, so that the HDO of anisole likely proceeds substantially through the reactive intermediate phenol to give transalkylation products such as 2‐methylphenol. The data determine rates of formation of the major primary products. The data show that if oxygen removal is the main processing goal, higher temperatures and lower pressures are favored.     

Investigation of reaction mechanisms by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: characterization of intermediates in the degradation of phenol by a novel iron/magnetite/hydrogen peroxide heterogeneous oxidation system

Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were used to monitor the oxidation of phenol by a novel heterogeneous Fenton system based on a Fe(0)/Fe(3)O(4) composite and H(2)O(2). On-line ESI-MS(/MS) shows that this heterogeneous system promotes prompt oxidation of phenol to hydroquinone, which is subsequently oxidized to quinone, other cyclic poly-hydroxylated intermediates and an acyclic carboxylic acid. A peroxide-type intermediate, probably formed via an electrophilic attack of HOO(.) on the phenol ring, was also intercepted and characterized. ESI-MS(/MS) monitoring of the oxidation of two other model aromatic compounds, benzene and chlorobenzene, indicates the participation of analogous intermediates. These results suggest that oxidation by the heterogeneous system is promoted by highly reactive HO(.) and HOO(.) radicals generated from H(2)O(2) on the surface of the Fe(0)/Fe(3)O(4) composite via a classical Fenton-like mechanism.     

Selective Transfer Semihydrogenation of Alkynes with H2O (D2O) as the H (D) Source over a Pd-P Cathode

We reported a selective semihydrogenation (deuteration) of numerous terminal and internal alkynes using H₂O (D₂O) as the H (D) source over a Pd-P alloy cathode at a lower potential. P-doping caused the enhanced specific adsorption of alkynes and the promoted intrinsic activity for producing adsorbed atomic hydrogen (H*_ads) from water electrolysis. The semihydrogenation of alkynes could be accomplished at a lower potential with up to 99 % selectivity and 78 % Faraday efficiency of alkene products, outperforming pure Pd and commercial Pd/C. This electrochemical semihydrogenation of alkynes might proceed via a H*_ads addition pathway rather than a proton-coupled electron transfer process. The decreased amount of H*_ads at a lower potential and the more preferential adsorption of the Pd-P to C≡C π bond than C=C moiety resulted in the excellent alkene selectivity. This method was capable of producing mono-, di-, and tri-deuterated alkenes with up to 99 % deuterium incorporation.     

固体酸催化烯烃改性生物油酚类化合物研究

选取生物油中含量较高的愈创木酚、儿茶酚和苯酚为酚类模型化合物,以蒙脱土K-10负载的Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40为固体超强酸催化剂,苯酚/1-辛烯烷基化反应为探针,考察了催化剂负载量,反应温度及物料摩尔比等因素对酚类烷基化反应的影响.结果表明,在60～100℃范围内,30%Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40/K-10对苯酚烷基化反应具有很好的催化活性和选择性,原料摩尔比为1时苯酚氧烷基化产物的选择性最好.愈创木酚中甲氧基的位阻效应使其转化率在相同条件下比苯酚低很多,相应氧烷基化产物的选择性也很低.儿茶酚与1-辛烯反应主要生成单羟基氧烷基化产物,100℃时选择性仍高达96%.升高温度有利于烷基化改性反应的进行,但产物中氧烷基化产物的选择性随着温度升高而降低.     

金属助剂对Ni/SiO2催化剂苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/SiO₂及Ni与金属助剂M（M=Fe、Co、Cu、Zn及Ga）物质的量比为30的Ni基双金属催化剂（记作Ni₃₀M/SiO₂）,利用H₂-TPR、XRD、H₂化学吸附、NH₃-TPD以及N₂物理吸附-脱附等手段对催化剂进行了结构表征,研究了不同助剂对催化剂结构与苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能影响。结果发现,金属助剂影响了催化剂前驱体中镍物种的还原性能,表明金属助剂及镍之间存在一定相互作用。Ni₃₀M/SiO₂中Ni-M双金属晶粒粒径和Ni/SiO₂中金属Ni晶粒粒径相近。由于表面张力较低的金属会在双金属晶粒表面富集,Ni₃₀M/SiO₂的H₂化学吸附量不同程度地低于Ni/SiO₂。另外,Ni₃₀M/SiO₂催化剂的酸量（尤其较弱酸中心酸量）高于Ni/SiO₂。在300℃、常压、苯甲醚质量空速1.0 h^-1及H₂与苯甲醚物质的量比为25：1条件下考察了各催化剂苯甲醚的加氢脱氧性能。Ni₃₀M/SiO₂上苯甲醚转化率不同程度低于Ni/SiO₂,原因在于Ni₃₀M/SiO₂催化剂H₂化学吸附量较低。Ga及Zn改性催化剂上三苯（包括苯、甲苯及二甲苯）选择性分别为81.7%和76.8%,高于Ni/SiO₂（71.5%）,且Ni₃₀Ga/SiO₂及Ni₃₀Zn/SiO₂上三苯收率（分别为65.0%及63.8%）高于或接近于Ni/SiO₂（63.7%）。Ni/SiO₂及Ni₃₀M/SiO₂催化剂中,Ni₃₀Zn/SiO₂具有较高甲基转移能力及较低C-C键氢解活性。从提高碳收率、降低耗氢量角度而言,Ni₃₀Zn/SiO₂具有较佳的加氢脱氧性能,与Ni和Zn之间作用及Zn亲氧性高于Ni有关。     

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of methyl-substituted phenols: correlations of kinetic parameters with molecular properties

The hydrodeoxygenation of methyl-substituted phenols was carried out in a flow microreactor at 300 degrees C and 2.85 MPa hydrogen pressure over a sulfided CoMo/Al(2)O(3) catalyst. The primary reaction products were methyl-substituted benzene, cyclohexene, cyclohexane, and H(2)O. Analysis of the results suggests that two independent reaction paths are operative, one leading to aromatics and the other to partially or completely hydrogenated cyclohexanes. The reaction data were analyzed using Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics to extract the values of the reactant-to-catalyst adsorption constant and of the rate constants characterizing the two reaction paths. The adsorption constant was found to be the same for both reactions, suggesting that a single catalytic site center is operative in both reactions. Ab initio electronic structure calculations were used to evaluate the electrostatic potentials and valence orbital ionization potentials for all of the substituted phenol reactants. Correlations were observed between (a) the adsorption constant and the two reaction rate constants measured for various methyl-substitutions and (b) certain moments of the electrostatic potentials and certain orbitals' ionization potentials of the isolated phenol molecules. On the basis of these correlations to intrinsic reactant-molecule properties, a reaction mechanism is proposed for each pathway, and it is suggested that the dependencies of adsorption and reaction rates upon methyl-group substitution are a result of the substituents' effects on the electrostatic potential and orbitals rather than geometric (steric) effects.     

Vibrational energy redistribution in catechol during ultraviolet photolysis

This article reports the striking interplay between the molecular structure and the photodissociation dynamics of catechol (a key dihydroxybenzene), identified using a combination of electronic spectroscopy, hydrogen (Rydberg) atom photofragment translational spectroscopy, density functional theory and second order approximate coupled cluster methods. We describe how the non-planar (C(1) symmetry) ← planar (C(s) symmetry) geometry change during S(1) (1(1)ππ*) ←S(0) excitation in catechol, as well as the presence of internal hydrogen bonding, can perturb the photodissociation dynamics relative to that of phenol (a monohydroxybenzene), particularly with respect to O-H bond fission via the lowest dissociative (1)πσ* state. For λ(phot) > 270 nm, O-H bond fission (of the non hydrogen bonded hydroxyl moiety) is deduced to proceed via H atom tunnelling from the photo-prepared 1(1)ππ* state into the lowest (1)πσ* state of the molecule. The vibrational energy distribution in the resulting catechoxyl product changes notably as λ(phot) is tuned on resonance with either the v' = 0, m(2)' = 1(+) or m(2)' = 2(+) torsional levels of the photo-prepared 1(1)ππ* state: the product state distribution is highly sensitive to the degree of OH torsional excitation (m(2)) prepared during photo-excitation. It is deduced that such torsional excitation can be redistributed very efficiently into ring puckering (and likely also in-plane ring stretch) vibrations as the molecule tunnels to its repulsive 1(1)πσ* state and dissociates. These observations can be rationalised by consideration of the photo-prepared nuclear wavefunctions. Analysis of the product vibrational energy distribution also reveals that the O-H bond strength of the non hydrogen bonded O-H moiety in catechol, D(0)(H-catechoxyl) ≤ 27?480 ± 50 cm(-1), ～2500 cm(-1) lower than that of the sole O-H bond in bare phenol. As a consequence, the vertical excitation energy of the 1(1)πσ* state in catechol is reduced relative to that in phenol, yielding a particularly broad distribution of product vibrations for λ(phot) < 270 nm. This study highlights the interplay between molecular geometry and redistribution of vibrational energy during ultraviolet photolysis of phenols.     

水分子在均三嗪基g-C3N4上的吸附

气体分子与光催化剂之间的相互作用对于光催化反应的触发非常重要.对于TiO2,ZnO和WO3等传统金属氧化物光催化剂上的水分解反应而言,已有许多报道研究了水分子在它们表面的吸附行为.结果表明,水分子与催化剂表面的原子形成了O-H…O氢键.石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)是一种具有可见光响应且化学性质稳定的光催化剂,对其进行修饰以增强其分解水产氢性能的研究非常多.本文通过密度泛函理论计算,全面研究了水分子在均三嗪(s-triazine)基g-C3N4上的吸附情况.首先构建了一系列初始吸附模型,考察了各种吸附位和水分子的朝向.通过比较分析计算得到的吸附能,确定了一种最优的吸附构型,即水分子以竖直的朝向吸附于褶皱的单层g-C3N4表面.水分子中的一个极性O-H键与g-C3N4中一个二配位富电子的氮原子结合形成了分子间的O-H…N氢键.其中,H原子与N原子的间距为1.92?,O-H键的键长由0.976?增至0.994?.进一步通过计算Mulliken电荷,态密度和静电势曲线分析了该吸附体系的电子性质.结果发现在分子间氢键的桥接作用下,g-C3N4上的电子转移至水分子,由此导致g-C3N4的费米能级降低,功函数由4.21 eV增至5.30 eV.在该吸附模型的基础上,考查了不同的吸附距离.当水分子与g-C3N4的间距设为1至4?时,几何优化后总是能得到相同的吸附构型,吸附能和氢键长度也十分相近.随后,通过改变吸附基底g-C3N4的大小和形状,验证了这种吸附构型具有很强的重复性.将2′2单层g-C3N4吸附基底替换为2′2多层g-C3N4(2至5层),3′3和4′4单层g-C3N4,以及具有不同管径的单壁g-C3N4纳米管后,水分子的吸附能随着体系原子数的增多而增大,但吸附模型的几何结构和电子性质基本不变,包括O-H…N氢键的形成和键长,以及电子转移和增大的功函数.另外还研究了非金属元素(P,O,S,Se,F,Cl和Br)掺杂对吸附能的影响.构建模型时,杂质原子以取代二配位氮原子的方式进行掺杂,水分子放置于杂质原子上方.结果显示,引入杂质原子后水分子的吸附能增大,在理论上从吸附的角度解释了元素掺杂增强g-C3N4分解水活性.总之,本文揭示了一种在分子间氢键的作用下,具有高取向性的水分子吸附的g-C3N4构型,这有助于g-C3N4基光催化剂上水分解过程的理解和优化设计.