硝酸钕和钐的水合物在水中溶解热的测定

本文用补偿式数字量热计测定了六水、四水硝酸钕和六水、五水硝酸钐298.15K时在水中的溶解热,求得了它们的标准生成热、相应的标准脱水焓和晶格能。     

六水、四水合硝酸镧的热脱水过程

六水硝酸镧升温时的热脱水过程已有文献报道,但结果很不一致,且在实验中都没有得到四水合物的脱水阶段。本工作在制备硝酸镧水合物时,注意到在用各种干燥剂使六水硝酸镧脱水的过程中,无     

硝酸镧辅助细菌对聚乙烯的降解研究

研究了硝酸镧存在下细菌对聚乙烯的降解。主要通过FTIR和TG-DTA表征聚乙烯结构,扫描电镜以及X射线能谱仪展示了聚乙烯表面形态和元素含量变化。同时,使用分光光度计检测了降解液中细菌的数量,并与未降解的聚乙烯进行对照。FTIR显示与对照相比降解后出现了C=O吸收峰,能谱显示降解后有氧原子掺入,表明细菌主要是通过生物氧化作用对聚乙烯进行降解;TG-DTA分析和扫描电镜表明硝酸镧的添加对聚乙烯降解具有影响,分光光度计检测也显示硝酸镧有助于细菌在降解聚乙烯过程中更快的繁殖。硝酸镧可以通过加快细菌繁殖的方式提高对聚乙烯的生物降解速度。     

硝酸镧对大鼠胃液分泌和胃粘膜的影响

报道了硝酸镧对大鼠胃液和胃粘膜的影响。硝酸镧对大鼠胃的分泌机能呈双重效应：１ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１时，极为明显地促进胃液、胃酸及胃蛋白酶的分泌；而１６ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１时则相反，胃液、胃蛋白酶的分泌都显著减少。但对大鼠胃粘液的分泌，１、１６ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的硝酸镧都无明显的影响。１、１６ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的硝酸镧对饥饿大鼠的胃粘膜无明显的损伤作用，对结扎幽门诱发的胃溃疡也无明显影响。     

硝酸钇水合物在水内的溶解热测定和标准生成热计算

本文测定了25℃时,Y(NO_3)_3·nH_2O(n=6,5,4)在0.219m以及Y(NO_3)_3·3H_2O从0.014m到0.219m的积分溶解热;推导了计算Y(NO_3)_3·3H_2O溶解热、硝酸钇溶液的稀释热以及硝酸钇相对表观摩尔焓和相对偏摩尔焓的经验公式.利用测得的溶解热数据,计算了这些水合物的标准生成热、脱水焓和晶格能.     

低剂量硝酸镧对小鼠肾脏自由基防御机能的影响

通过采用肾组织匀浆生化测定法, 观察不同剂量硝酸镧灌胃一个月后, 小鼠肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、脂质过氧化物(LPO)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)含量的变化, 探讨了低剂量硝酸镧的抗氧化作用; 结果表明 雌性、雄性小鼠20.0, 10.0 mg*kg-1 Cu-ZnSOD和CAT的含量均较对照组明显降低; 而GSH-Px和LPO的含量均较对照组显著升高. 雌性、雄性小鼠0.1, 0.2, 2.0 mg*kg-1组Cu-ZnSOD, CAT, GSH-Px和LPO的含量与对照组无显著性差异. 较高剂量(20.0, 10.0 mg*kg-1)的硝酸镧的直接损伤可使小鼠肾脏脂质过氧化反应增强, 清除自由基的能力下降. 较低剂量(0.1, 0.2, 2.0 mg*kg-1)的硝酸镧对小鼠肾脏自由基的生成和清除无影响.     

镧和硝酸稀土对四种植物病原菌的抑制作用研究

为探索稀土元素对植物病害的防治作用,研究了镧和硝酸稀土对番茄灰霉病菌(Botryth cinerea Pers.)、番茄早疫病菌(Ahernaria solaui Sorauer)、番茄叶霉病菌(Fulvia fulva(Cooke)Cifrri)、西瓜枯萎病菌(F.oxysporum f.sp.niveum(E.F.Smith)Snyder et Hansen)的抑制效果.结果表明,100,300,500,1000,1500 mg·L 1的氧化镧和1000,1500,2000,2500,3000 mg·L-的硝酸稀土明显地抑制4种病原菌的菌丝生长、孢子形成、孢子萌发.在试验浓度范围内,抑制作用随着稀土浓度的增加而增强,同一浓度的氧化镧或硝酸稀土处理对不同病原菌的抑制作用有所差别.     

硝酸镧对长柄扁桃试管苗生根的影响

通过极差分析研究了不同浓度的硝酸镧和生长素组合对长柄扁桃试管苗生根的影响。结果表明:对长柄扁桃生根影响的主次因素为硝酸镧(La(NO3)3)>吲哚丁酸(IBA)>吲哚乙酸(IAA),最优组合为La(NO3)320 mg·L-1+IBA 0.2 mg·L-1+IAA 0.2 mg·L-1。在此条件下培养42 d后,长柄扁桃试管苗根的诱导频率达到89%,平均根长达到9.2 cm,每株根的平均个数为9.7个。对长柄扁桃的根组织活力进行测定,结果表明添加镧的处理组根系还原力是对照(不加镧)组的1.57倍。经过移栽驯化2个月后,长柄扁桃组培苗的移栽成活率达到94%,株高是对照的1.53倍。     

六水合硝酸镧在乙醇中积分溶解热之测定

采用波波夫型外套等温量热计,已测得一级标准KCl在水中的积分溶解热为ΔH₂₉₈=17532J/mol±0.1%.此结果与米献科报导的结果相一致,证明此仪器本身是可靠的.用此仪器测得La(NO₃)₃·6H₂O在乙醇中的积分溶解热为ΔH₂₉₈=9.713±0.2KJ/mol.     

硝酸镧引起Escherichia coli B代谢过程热爆发及其机理研究

采用微量热法研究了硝酸镧对Escherichia coli B生长代谢过程的影响, 发现高浓度硝酸镧引起E. coli B热谱图出现异常变化: 生长速率常数k值增大、产热峰显著升高和总发热量异常增加. 当硝酸镧浓度为300和500 mg/L时, 培养物在培养过程的总发热量分别是正常条件下的3.89和2.54倍. 用生物学方法对细胞存活率和生物量进行测定结果表明, 细胞在高浓度硝酸镧条件下增殖受到抑制、细胞生物量减少. 表明高浓度的硝酸镧存在时, E. coli B细胞生长受到抑制反而释放出比正常生长细胞多得多的热量, 将抑制状态细胞释放大量热量的现象称为热爆发. 分析热爆发的原因, 认为是La^3＋离子破坏细胞壁外膜而增加其透性, 导致细胞膜与外膜间的质子电化学势因质子外泄而降低或者不能形成, 氧化磷酸化过程中的能量不能有效地转化为ATP, 而以热能的方式释放出来. 细胞由于缺乏生物通用能量ATP, 因而其生长受到抑制.     

La(NO3)3和Pr(NO3)3对高岭石脱羟基动力学的影响

采用热重和微商热重(TG/DTA)综合热分析技术在不同升温速率下研究了掺入La(NO₃)₃和Pr(NO₃)₃的高岭石的热分解过程, 利用Coats-Redfern积分法和Achar微分法对热分析实验数据进行动力学计算, 得到了高岭石脱羟基反应过程中的控制机理函数、 活化能和指前因子等动力学参数; 分析了2种稀土掺入对高岭石脱羟基过程动力学参数的影响, 并用Ozawa法对活化能进行了验证. 结果表明, 未掺稀土和掺入Pr(NO₃)₃的高岭石的脱羟基反应过程均受化学反应模型F₃控制, 反应的活化能分别为307.94和282.86 kJ/mol, 指前因子lnA的值分别为47.8980和44.1718; 掺入La(NO₃)₃的高岭石脱羟基反应过程控制机理函数发生改变, 受化学反应模型F₂控制, 反应活化能为196.02 kJ/mol, 指前因子lnA的值为29.5551. 与未掺稀土的高岭石对比, 掺入Pr(NO₃)₃后活化能和指前因子略有降低; 而掺入La(NO₃)₃后则显著降低, 分别降低了36.34%和38.30%. 采用Ozawa法验证得到的活化能与Coats-Redfern积分法和Achar微分法结果一致.     

Synthesis,Structure Characteristic and Thermal Behavior of Two New Metal-organic Azo-triazole Compounds: [Zn(phen)3]·ZTO·6H2O and[Cu(phen)3]·ZTO·6H2O

[Zn(phen)₃]·ZTO·6H₂O(1) and[Cu(phen)₃]·ZTO·6H₂O(2) were synthesized by the reaction of Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O/Cu(NO₃)₂·3H₂O with 4,4-azo-1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-one(ZTO) and 1,10-phenanthroline(phen). The two compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and IR spectrum analysis, respectively. Compound 1 was also characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. For compound 1, the coordination geometry around the Zn²⁺ is a distorted octahedron, with the bite angles of 76.7(3)°-77.6(4)° for all three phen ligands. Moreover, the thermal behaviors and thermal decomposition kinetics were studied and analyzed. Besides, thermal stability and safety parameters(T_SADT, T_b) are 164.7 and 166.4℃ for compound 1, and 149.6 and 150.8℃ for compound 2, respectively.     

三元体系LiCl-CS(NH2)2-H2O及LiCl-CH3CONHCONH2-H2O的研究

关于钾盐-有机物-水体系的研究至今报导甚少,B·Begaliev^[1]等对体系LiCl·CO(NH₂)₂-H₂O进行了研究,发现有两个复合物:LiCl·CO(NH₂)₂,LiCl·3CO(NH₃)₂生成.为了进一步探讨这类体系中锂盐与有机物的相互作用,本文对LiCl·CS(NH₂)₂-H₂O(Ⅰ)(0°,25℃)和LiCl-CH₃CONHCONH₂-H₂O(Ⅱ)(0°,35℃)两个体系进行了研究.     

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine oxide) complexes of the lanthanide nitrates; synthesis, characterisation and crystal structures of [La(Ph3PO)4(NO3)3]·Me2CO and [Lu(Ph3PO)4(NO3)2]NO3

The reaction of Ln(NO₃)₃·6H₂O (Ln=La, Ce, Pr or Nd) with a sixfold excess of Ph₃PO in acetone formed [Ln(Ph₃PO)₄(NO₃)₃]·Me₂CO. The crystal structure of the La complex shows a nine-coordinate metal centre with four phosphine oxides, two bidentate and one monodentate nitrate groups, and PXRD studies show the same structure is present in the other three complexes. In CH₂Cl₂ or Me₂CO solutions, ³¹P NMR studies show that the complexes are essentially completely decomposed into [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] and Ph₃PO. Similar reactions in ethanol gave [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] only. In contrast for Ln=Sm, Eu or Gd, only the [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] are formed from either acetone or ethanol solutions. For the later lanthanides Ln=Tb–Lu, acetone solutions of Ln(NO₃)₃·6H₂O and Ph₃PO gave [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] only, even with a large excess of Ph₃PO, but from cold ethanol [Ln(Ph₃PO)₄(NO₃)₂]NO₃ (Ln=Tb, Ho–Lu) were obtained. The structure of [Lu(Ph₃PO)₄(NO₃)₂]NO₃ shows an eight-coordinate metal centre with four phosphine oxides and two bidentate nitrate groups. In solution in CH₂Cl₂ or Me₂CO the tetrakis-complexes show varying amounts of decomposition into mixtures of [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃], [Ln(Ph₃PO)₄(NO₃)₂]NO₃ and Ph₃PO as judged by ³¹P{¹H} NMR spectroscopy. The [Ln(Ph₃PO)₃(NO₃)₃] also partially decompose in solution for Ln=Dy–Lu, forming some tetrakis(phosphine oxide) species.     

(C26H40N2O4)[Ln(NO3)5H2O]的合成及其铕缔合物的晶体结构

合成了4个新型的稀土化合物(C₂₆H₄₀N₂O₄)[Ln(NO₃)₅H₂O](Ln=Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu),采用元素分析和红外光谱表征,用四圆衍射仪测定了其中(C₂₆H₄₀N₂O₄)[Eu(NO₃)₅H₂O]的晶体结构,属三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数:α=0.9100(4)nm,b=1.3560(3)nm,c=1.6463(4)nm;α=68.62(2)°,β=74.84(3)°,γ=87.50(2)°;Z=2.中心铕离子由5个硝酸根的10个氧原子和1个水分子中的氧原子配位,配位数是11.1,7,10,16-四氧-4,13-二氮杂-N,N'-二苄基环十八烷(N,N'-二苄基穴醚(2,2))未参与配位.     

Preparation and Standard Formation Enthalpy of 2－Amino－4,6－dimethylpyrimidine and Its Related Complexes of Copper

IntroductionThe pyrimidine and its derivatives are knownto possess extraordinary biological properties thatare generally distinguished qualitatively by havingbeen used as pesticide,herbicide,bactericide,andmedicine intermediates[1] .A survey of these appli-cations and a number of the related variations thathave been developed recently,such as the extraor-dinary effective herbicide of sulfonyl sulfourea,re-veals that the biological properties are just becauseof the wide existence of pyrimidine …     

Non-isothermal Decomposition Kinetics of [Cu（en）2H2O] （FOX-7）2·H2O

The thermal behavior and non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of [Cu（en）2H2O]（FOX-7）2·H2O （en=ethylenediamine） were studied with DSC and TG-DTG methods.The kinetic equation of the exothermal process is dα/dt=（10^17.92/β）4α^3/4exp（-1.688×10^5/RT）.The self-accelerating decomposition temperature and critical temperature of the thermal explosion are 163.3 and 174.8 ℃,respectively.The specific heat capacity of [Cu（en）2H2O]（FOX-7）2·H2O was determined with a micro-DSC method,with a molar heat capacity of 661.6 J·mol^-1·K^-1 at 25 ℃.Adiabatic time-to-explosion was also estimated as 23.2 s.[Cu（en）2H2O]（FOX-7）2·H2O is less sensitive.     

Li2SO4-MgSO4及LiNO3-Mg(NO3)2熔盐体系的研究

用目测变温法和差热分析法研究了Li₂SO₄-MgSO₄、LiNO₃-Mg(NO₃)₂熔盐体系。在前一体系中有固液异组成化合物Li₂SO₄·2MgSO₄生成,它在832°熔化分解。化合物与Li₂SO₄间形成低共熔点,温度为647℃,组成含MgSO₄23.6Wt%。Li₂SO₄多晶转变点575℃,在加入MgSO₄后形成类低共熔点,温度552℃,组成含MgSO₄4.2%。LiNO₃-Mg(NO₃)₂为一简单低共熔体系,共晶点含Mg(NO₃)₂47.3%,温度200℃。     

Synthesis and X-ray crystal structures of bis(bis(μ2-2-aminoethanolato–N,O,O)–cobalt(III))–cobalt(II) hydrate, tris(biscyclohexylammonium)μ-hydroxo–bis(μ2-nitro–N,O)–hexanitro–dicobaltate(III) and biscyclohexylammonium nitrate(III)

Two new cobalt complexes: Co₃(NO₂)₄(NH₂CH₂CH₂O)₄·H₂O (1) and (NH₂(C₆H₁₁)₂)₃[Co₂(NO₂)₈OH]·3H₂O (2) and the compound (NH₂(C₆H₁₁)₂)NO₂ (3) were synthesised and their structures have been determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 consists of two centrosymmetrical trinuclear complexes and a water molecule of crystallization. Ligands coordinated to Co atoms are nitro and aminoethanolato groups. Structure 2 is built up of biscyclohexylammonium cations, dinuclear anions with hydroxo and nitro groups coordinated to Co atoms and water molecules. The coordination of Co atoms in both structures is roughly octahedral.