金属参与的正电子放射性药物的合成进展

随着正电子发射断层显像技术的高速发展,正电子放射性药物的合成近年来已成为药物合成领域的热点之一.本文综述了金属参与的放射性同位素标记药物及中间体的合成方法,反应类型包括Stille偶联反应、Suzuki偶联反应、Heck偶联反应、Sonogashira偶联反应、羰基化反应、金属-卤素置换反应和点击反应等.     

硫酸盐水合物催化下的有机合成及反应

报道了在硫酸盐水合物催化下的酯化反应、酯交换反应、δ-酮酸环合反应、羟醛缩合反应、酮的烯醇化反应、缩醛酮反应、呐咵重排反应及醇脱水反应。研究了硫酸盐水合物的催化活性及催化反应动力学,对这一类型反应的反应机理进行了探讨,证明反应是配位催化过程。     

质谱实时监测有机化学反应的研究进展

质谱法是一种能够提供物质丰富结构信息的谱学方法,广泛应用于有机物的测定、有机化学反应的监测以及有机化学反应机理的研究中。本文综述了质谱实时监测缩合反应、取代反应、氧化反应、环化反应、加成反应、偶联反应、自由基反应等有机化学反应的研究进展。     

壳聚糖负载贵金属催化剂的研究进展

壳聚糖负载的贵金属催化剂显示了高催化活性和高选择性，已被用于氧化反应、氢化反应、烯丙基取代反应、羰基化反应、Suzuki和Heck偶联反应、烯烃的不对称二羟基化反应及有机醛、酮的合成反应体系中。本文对其制备方法、可能结构及其在各种反应体系中的催化性能进行了综述。     

由邻苯二甲酸二乙酯制备水合茚三酮的反应机理探讨

以邻苯二甲酸二乙酯为原料,经Claisen酯缩合反应、酸性酯水解反应、热脱羧反应、亚硝化反应、脱肟反应、羰基还原反应、Aldol反应、邻二醇氧化裂解反应制备了水合茚三酮,对各步的反应机理进行了详细的讨论。     

以季鏻盐离子液体为反应介质的绿色有机反应*

与铵盐类离子液体比较,季鏻盐离子液体具有挥发性更低,物理、化学性质更加稳定,兼具催化功能等优点。近年来,季鏻盐离子液体作为一种绿色反应介质日益受到重视,很多类型的有机反应在季鏻盐离子液体中得到应用,收到了很好的效果。本文主要以2000年以来的期刊文献报道为线索,对季鏻盐离子液体的制备方法以及以其作为反应介质的绿色有机反应进行了综述。这些反应主要包括Diels-Alder反应、Heck反应、Suzuki反应、Buchwald-Hartwig 反应、Friedel-Crafts反应、Kornblum 取代反应、Grignard反应、羰基化反应、氢甲酰化反应、转移氢化反应、酯化反应等多种类型。特别是对于一些涉及强碱性反应条件或亲电取代的反应类型,季鏻盐离子液体具有特殊的优势。     

分子碘催化的有机化学反应

从有机合成化学的角度,按反应类型综述了分子碘作为催化剂在有机化学中的应用,碘催化的反应主要涉及保护基团的形成和裂解、氧化和还原反应、成环反应、加成反应、取代反应和重排反应等.     

改进的Ugi法合成胺烷基二茂铁衍生物的反应研究

在改进的Ugi法会成胺烷基二茂铁衍生物的反应中，研究了反应的投料比、反应底物、反应温域等因素对反应的影响，并对反应机理进行了探讨。     

无溶剂条件下的不对称催化反应

本文综述了近年来在无溶剂条件下进行的一些不对称催化反应的进展, 着重介绍了无溶剂条件下的不对称Aldol反应、环氧化合物不对称开环反应、外消旋环氧化合物的拆分、不对称Diels-Alder反应、金属有机试剂对醛酮的不对称加成反应、不对称氢化反应、不对称氢甲酰化反应、不对称烯烃复分解反应、不对称Michael加成反应、不对称氧化反应、不对称Friedel-Crafts反应等, 同时展望了无溶剂不对称催化反应的研究前景。     

环丙沙星的不良反应研究

综述了环丙沙星引起胃肠反应、中枢神经系统反应、血液系统的反应、肝肾功能损害、变态反应、内分泌系统反应、药物热、光敏反应、关节肌肉组织反应及其它等。     

Nucleophilic properties of a nonstabilized azomethine ylide derived from sarcosine and cyclohexanone. A novel domino reaction leading to substituted 4-aryl-2-pyrrolidones

A nonstabilized asymmetric azomethine ylide derived from sarcosine and cyclohexanone reacts with 3-substituted coumarins and ethyl benzylidene malonate to give 4-aryl-2-pyrrolidones in moderate yields, and the adducts of classical 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions as the minor products. The main reaction proceeds via a domino process, starting with 1,4-nucleophilic addition to the conjugated double bond, and represents the first example of the nucleophilic properties of a nonstabilized azomethine ylide.     

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reaction of two different azomethine ylides to C70

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition to Cyo of an azomethine ylide,which was generated in situ from refluxing a mixture of cyclohexanone and DL-valine in chlorobenzene under N2 afforded a monoadduct and a bisadduct.Even for longer reaction time,however,only monoadduct was obtained from the reaction of C70 with an azomethine ylide generated from refluxing a mixture of 2-undecanone and 2-aminoisobutyric acid in chlorobenzene under N2 The electrochemical properties of all the products were studied by cyclic voltammetry.     

Catalytic Asymmetric [ 2,3 ] -Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Sulfur Ylides Generated from Carbenoids

The catalytic asymmetric reactions of oxygen or sulfur ylides generated from carbenoids have attracted consider able attention in recent years. High enantioselectivities have been achieved in the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions and [ 2,3 ]-sigmatropic rearrangement of oxygen ylides. In contrast to the oxygen ylide, the corresponding catalytic asymmetric reaction of sulfur ylide is less developed. Compared to oxygen ylides, the sulfur ylides are more stable and experimental evidence supports a free ylide rather than a metal-bound ylide as reaction intermediate. That means the enantio-control must be in the step of the ylide formation. If the subsequent reaction such as [ 2,3 ]-sigmatropic rearrangement or 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition is a concerted process and is faster than the racemization of the chiral ylide intermediate, then the catalytic asymmetric sulfur ylide reaction will be possible.     

Sulfur ylides. 12. Optically active keto stabilized sulfur ylide obtained from L-proline: synthesis and study

Optically active keto stabilized sulfur ylide was synthesized from L-proline. The reactions of the ylide with methyl acrylate and methyl vinyl ketone afforded 1,2-disubstituted cyclopropanes. In the case of acrylonitrile, a mixture of 1,2- and 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropanes was obtained. Acylation of the ylide with acetic anhydride gave twice stabilized sulfur ylide.     

磷叶立德CH2PH3和类磷叶立德自由基∙CHPH3优势构型和C—P键结构的研究

采用MP4/6-311++G(d,p)和B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p)对磷叶立德CH₂PH₃和类磷叶立德自由基∙CHPH₃进行构型优化，从电子密度拓扑分析的角度对C—P键的键结构进行了探讨。得到如下结论：类磷叶立德自由基和磷叶立德的C—P键性质类似，但磷叶立德中π键由两个电子形成，类磷叶立德自由基中π键由一个电子形成，所以前者的π性明显，而后者的π性不明显。类磷叶立德自由基中的这个单电子在碳原子附近，垂直于对称面的方向上运动，有p_(C→P)配键的特征，所以类磷叶立德自由基∙CHPH₃中的C—P键比相应的产物∙CH₂PH₂中的C—P键要弱一些。     

Ylide Analogues of Fulvalenes. A Stevens Rearrangement of a Phosphonium Ylide

Abstract

Fulvalene-ylides have been synthesised. The pentafulvalene ylide analogue (8) provides the first Stevens rearrangement of a phosphonium ylide and, through reaction with DMAD, a novel 1-phosphabicyclo[4.2.1]octatriene ylide.     

Direct observation of a carbene-alcohol ylide

Carboethoxycarbene reacts with methanol-OD to form an ylide. The formation and decay of this ylide was monitored by ultrafast time-resolved IR spectroscopy. The formation and decay of the ylide is linearly dependent on the concentration of methanol-OD in acetonitrile with second-order rate constants of ylide formation (8.4 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)) and decay (1.4 × 10(9) M(-1) s(-1)). Similar results were obtained with 1-butanol.     

A new P-heterocyclic type of phosphonium–iodonium ylides based on dibenzophosphole

A novel mixed phosphonium–iodonium ylide was synthesized by alkylation of 5-phenyl-5H-dibenzophosphole with phenacyl bromide followed by deprotonation and oxidation of the resulting phosphonium ylide with (diacetoxyiodo)- benzene. The influence of the cyclic nature of the phosphonium moiety on the dynamic E/Z isomerism in the mixed ylide is discussed.     

1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition reaction for diastereoselective synthesis of functionalized dihydrospiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrroles]

The BF₃OEt₂ catalyzed one-pot 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of benzylamines, isatins and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in dry methylene dichloride afforded the functionalized dihydrospiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrroles] in moderate to good yields and with high diastereoselectivity. The reaction was accomplished by the tandem 1,3-dioplar cycloaddition of in situ generated azomethine ylide with acetylenedicarboxylate and the nucleophilic addition of pyrrole ring to second molecular acetylenedicarboxylate.