ICP-MS法测定聚酯纤维中TiO2含量

采用湿法和微波法对聚酯纤维样品进行消解,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱联用仪(ICP-MS)对样品中TiO2含量进行了测定,得到湿法消解样品测定值2 857.46μg/g(相对标准偏差为1.08%),微波消解样品测定值2599.21μg/g(相对标准偏差为2.76%).分别测定了两种消解方法的检出限,湿法消解检出限为4.0 ...     

氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定污泥中的砷

用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定污泥中的砷.分别用微波消解、湿法消解两种方法处理污泥样品，微波消解效果优于湿法消解，在最佳实验条件下，砷的检出限为0.04μg/L，回收率为94．2％～104.8％，测定结果的相对标准偏差为2．22％～4．23％。     

TXRF法测定松花粉中的9种生命元素

建立了微波消解前处理,全反射X射线荧光法(TXRF)同时测定松花粉中K、Ca、Ti、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn和Rb9种生命元素含量的分析方法.松花粉原料经过微波消解前处理后,采用全反射X射线荧光光谱净计数、QXAS分析软件解谱和单一内标法进行定量分析.比较了干灰化法、湿消解法和微波消解法3种前处理方法的效果,并确立微波消解法作为样品前处理方法.用微波消解- TXRF法测定了花粉标准物质中的上述9种元素,并计算得到其仪器检出限(LLD)为0.002～0.054 mg/L,方法检出限(LDM)为0.004～0.122 mg/kg.TXRF法测定各元素的相对标准偏差(RSDs)为1.0％～5.5％.该方法操作简单、样品用量少、检出限低,对实际样品松花粉的测定结果与ICP - MS法无显著性差异.     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定纳米银抗菌产品中多种微量元素

建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定4种纳米银抗菌产品中多种微量元素的分析方法。比较了湿法消解和微波消解这两种样品前处理方法对样品测定的影响,探讨了消除汞记忆效应的方法,并研究了待测元素的质谱干扰的消除。实验结果表明,采用Au(100μg/L)+HCl(2%)能较好地消除Hg的记忆效应。与湿法消解相比,微波消解可短时间消解样品并获得好的Hg回收率。在优化ICP-MS条件后,各元素线性相关系数均大于0.999。采用微波消解-ICP-MS法对样品进行加标回收,样品加标回收率在84.0%~109%,相对标准偏差在0.97%~13.2%。方法快速、简便,能够满足纳米银抗菌产品中微量元素的定量测定。     

超级微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定香菇中的镉

为建立一种快速批量检测香菇中镉的方法,建立了超级微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定香菇中镉含量的方法。分别采用湿法消解、普通微波消解和超级微波、传统微波和湿法消解技术前处理香菇标准物质样品,对比消解效果,优化超级微波消解技术的酸体系和消解最终温度。;采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱仪法测定,优化基体改进剂、灰化温度等工作参数,确定仪器最佳检测条件,验证分析方法的准确性和稳定性。结果表明,超级微波消解优于湿法消解和传统微波消解技术,准确性和重复性最佳,大幅减少用酸量的同时更加安全、高效,避免样品污染。在最优分析方法条件下,镉在0~4.0 μg/L范围内所得回归方程线性关系良好,相关系数(R)为0.9994,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度RSD为1.4%~2.5%。超级微波消解－石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检测的探索与应用超级微波消解优于湿法消解和传统微波消解技术,大幅减少用酸量的同时更加安全、高效,避免样品污染,为农产品镉含量批量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。     

湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱法测定农产品中汞含量

建立了湿法快速消解-原子荧光光谱仪测定农产品中汞含量的方法。选取大米和芹菜作为实验样品,对消解酸体系(硝酸、硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-高氯酸)、消解温度(100、110、120、130、140℃)和消解时间(30、45、60、90 min)等条件进行探讨,确定最佳实验条件,并与常规微波消解效果进行对比。结果表明,优化后的硝酸-高氯酸体系条件下120℃消解30 min,方法在0~2μg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.9996,方法检出限为0.001 mg/kg,精密度为2.4%~3.9%。两种消解方法对于大米和芹菜质控样的测定值基本一致,均在质控样范围。相较于常规微波前处理方法,简化了样品前处理流程,提高了工作效率,可为农产品汞含量检测提供可靠的方法支撑。     

不同消解方法对火焰原子吸收光谱法测定乳制品中无机元素含量的影响

取鲜奶及酸奶样品分别用3种不同的消解方法(即常规湿法酸消解法、微波加热酸消解法和干法消解法)做预处理。在所得最终的试样溶液中分别用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中6种无机元素(即钙、镁、铜、锌、铁及锰)。试验结果表明:采用微波加热酸消解法处理的样品,6种元素的回收率可达94.5%～100.0%高于其他两种方法的回收率最高值,相关测定值的相标准偏差(n=6)在1.9%～4.2%之间。因此,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定乳制品中无机元素含量时,用微波加热酸消解法处理样品的效果较好。     

ICP-OES测定三种方法消解土壤中重金属含量的研究

采用电热板消解、全自动石墨消解、微波消解三种不同的消解方法对四种土壤标准样品进行前处理消解,使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定其中Pb、Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr五种重金属的含量,并对三种消解方法效果进行对比。结果表明,在检出限方面,三种方法均达到要求,微波消解检出限最低。在精密性上,三种方法的五种元素的相对标准偏差均小于10%。在准确性方面,电热板消解后Pb的测定出现个别值不在标准值范围。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定香精香料中的硼元素

采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定香精香料中硼元素的含量。对微波消解样品前处理条件和仪器参数进行了优化,该方法硼元素检出限为1.005 ng/mL、平均回收率为106.1%、精密度为6.15%(n=5),并用茶叶国家标准物质(GBW10016)对分析方法进行了校准。该方法适合于香精香料中硼元素的测定。     

通讯作者：于冀芳,石家庄市鹿泉区上庄大街河北省质检中心,050000, 18032188277,

采用微波消解技术对工业锅炉用水进行前处理,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定工业锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜含量的分析方法。分别对样品的微波消解温度和保持时间进行讨论,优化了微波消解前处理技术。结果表明：给水在消解温度为170 ℃,保持时间为10 min条件下,回水在消解温度为180 ℃,保持时间为12 min条件下,锅炉水在消解温度为185 ℃,保持时间为15 min条件下,微波消解最理想。应用本方法对锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜进行测定,线性范围均为0～2.0 mg/L,检出限分别为0.002 mg/L、0.002 mg/L、0.003 mg/L、0.004 mg/L,回收率为95%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=7)均小于9.32%,与原子吸收法(AAS)进行比较,测定结果基本一致。     

Pressurized wet digestion in open vessels

The High Pressure Asher (HPA-S) was adapted with a Teflon liner for pressurized wet digestion in open vessels. The autoclave was partly filled with water containing 5% (vol/vol) hydrogen peroxide. The digestion vessels dipped partly into the water or were arranged on top of the water by means of a special rack made of titanium or PTFE-coated stainless steel. The HPA-S was closed and pressurized with nitrogen up to 100 bars. The maximum digestion temperature was 250 °C for PFA vessels and 270 °C for quartz vessels. Digestion vessels made of quartz or PFA-Teflon with volumes between 1.5 mL (auto sampler cups) and 50 mL were tested. The maximum sample amount for quartz vessels was 0.5–1.5 g and for PFA vessels 0.2–0.5 g, depending on the material. Higher sample intake may lead to fast reactions with losses of digestion solution. The samples were digested with 5 mL HNO₃ or with 2 mL HNO₃+6 mL H₂O+2 mL H₂O₂. The total digestion time was 90–120 min and 30 min for cooling down to room temperature. Auto sampler cups made of PFA were used as digestion vessels for GFAAS. Sample material (50 mg) was digested with 0.2 mL HNO₃+0.5 mL H₂O+0.2 mL H₂O₂. The analytical data of nine certified reference materials are also within the confidential intervals for volatile elements like mercury, selenium and arsenic. No cross contamination between the digestion vessels could be observed. Due to the high gas pressure, the diffusion rate of volatile species is low and losses of elements by volatilisation could be observed only with diluted nitric acid and vessels with large cross section. In addition, cocoa, walnuts, nicotinic acid, pumpkin seeds, lubrication oil, straw, polyethylene and coal were digested and the TOC values measured. The residual carbon content came to 0.2–10% depending on the sample matrix and amount.     

一种改进的凝胶分离后蛋白质溶液酶解方法

报道了改进的凝胶电泳分离后蛋白质溶液酶解方法。将凝胶分离后的蛋白转移到PVDF膜上,直接用碳酸氢铵中和从膜上的蛋白洗脱溶液至弱碱性,并在此溶液中直接进行蛋白酶解。方法避免了胶内杂质对质谱鉴定蛋白质的干扰。用标准蛋白进行了验证,并在此基础上鉴定了中国仓鼠卵巢细胞（CHO）细胞系中的16个蛋白点。与已报道的方法比较,本方法蛋白回收率提高到90％左右;与传统的胶内酶解方法比较,本方法具操作简单,实验流程较短;涉及的试剂较胶内酶解少,因此带来的杂质影响小;在蛋白转印以后还可与许多其它实验方法相结合,比如免疫印迹等优点。     

电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱测定鱼肉中常见营养元素的样品消解方法

使用干法灰化消解、湿法全消解和湿法半消解三种不同的样品消解方法,结合电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪测定了淡水鱼和海水鱼两种不同鱼类中的K、Na、Ca、Mg四种常见营养元素的含量。结果表明各元素回收率在91%~109%之间,除Ca外其余元素相对标准偏差小于5%。湿法半消解同其它消解方法相比,缩短了检测时间,提高了分析效率,能够更加有效、快速、准确地测定鱼肉中的K、Na、Ca和Mg元素的含量。     

The Effects of Food on Cannabidiol Bioaccessibility

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a hydrophobic non-psychoactive compound with therapeutic characteristics. Animal and human studies have shown its poor oral bioavailability in vivo, and the impact of consuming lipid-soluble CBD with and without food on gut bioaccessibility has not been explored. The purpose of this research was to study the bioaccessibility of CBD after a three-phase upper digestion experiment with and without food, and to test lipase activity with different substrate concentrations. Our results showed that lipase enzyme activity and fatty acid absorption increased in the presence of bile salts, which may also contribute to an increase in CBD bioaccessibility. The food matrix used was a mixture of olive oil and baby food. Overall, the fed-state digestion revealed significantly higher micellarization efficiency for CBD (14.15 ± 0.6% for 10 mg and 22.67 ± 2.1% for 100 mg CBD ingested) than the fasted state digestion of CBD (0.65 ± 0.7% for 10 mg and 0.14 ± 0.1% for 100 mg CBD ingested). The increase in bioaccessibility of CBD with food could be explained by the fact that micelle formation from hydrolyzed lipids aid in bioaccessibility of hydrophobic molecules. In conclusion, the bioaccessibility of CBD depends on the food matrix and the presence of lipase and bile salts.     

高温法和烘箱法测定水体中总氮的比较

分别采用烘箱法和高压蒸汽消解法对纯水和电解质溶液中的含氮有机化合物进行了消解,并用镉铜还原法测定了溶液中总氮的含量。实验表明,这两种消解方式无显著性差异,可以采用烘箱法代替压力蒸汽消毒器在电解质溶液中对含氮有机化合物进行消解,且烘箱法操作简单。     

Decomposition of organoarsenic compounds for total arsenic determination in marine organisms by the hydride generation technique

The conditions necessary for the complete decomposition of six organic arsenic compounds, namely methylarsonic acid (MMAA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMAA), trimethylarsine oxide, tetramethylarsonium iodide, arsenocholine bromide (AsC) and arsenobetaine (AB), were investigated. The degree of decomposition of the arsenic compounds was monitored using a hydride generation (HYD) technique, because the response from this system depends strongly on the chemical species of arsenic, with inorganic arsenic (the expected product from these decomposition experiments) giving a much more intense HYD signal than the organic arsenic compounds. The arsenic compounds were decomposed by heating them with three types of acid mixture, namely HNO₃? HClO₄, HNO₃? HClO₄? HF, or HNO₃? HClO₄? H₂SO₄. Both MMAA and DMAA were decomposed completely using any of the mixed acids at a decomposition temperature of 200 °C or higher. The HNO₃? HClO₄? H₂SO₄ mixture was the most effective for decomposing AsC and AB, which are the most difficult compounds among all types of organic arsenic compound to decompose and render inorganic. The complete decomposition of AB was only achieved, however, when the temperature was 320 °C or higher, and the sample was evaporated to dryness. When the residue from this treatment was examined by high‐performance liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, all of the arsenic was found to be present as arsenic(V). The optimized conditions (HNO₃? HClO₄? H₂SO₄ at 320 °C) for decomposing AB were then used to determine the total amount of arsenic in marine organisms known to contain AB. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

生物样品快速高压罐消解法研究

本文介绍一种新近研究的生物样品消解法－快速高压罐消解法。它具有消解样品快速的特点，消解速度与微波法相当，此法在消解原理，设备结构等方面具有独自的特点。经过可靠性，适应性，安全性和条件选择等系统试验，证明此法可行。将对快速消解生物类样品提供一种新。     

微波消化光度法测定化学需氧量

研究了微波化制样光度法测定ＣＯＤ的新方法,确定了微波消化的主要因素,要佳消化条件和测定条件,吸光度与ＣＯＤ值在０－１ｇ．Ｌ＾－１范围内呈良好的线性关系。对实际水样测定结果的准确度和精密度都能很好的满意测定要求。     

山核桃外蒲壳无机成分的分析研究

采用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)对山核桃外蒲壳的无机成分进行分析. 结果表明, 山核桃外蒲壳中含有较高的K、Ca以及Fe、Mn、Zn、Mg、Cu等微量元素. 通过单因素试验, 得出最佳湿消化法条件为: 氧化性混酸V(HNO3)∶V(HClO4)＝4∶1、体积75 mL、消解时间36 h、加热温度180 ℃;最佳干消化法条件为: 灰化温度600 ℃, 煅烧时间5.5 h.