过渡金属修饰Fe2O3/Al2O3氧载体的Redox性能研究

采用冷冻干燥法分别制备了经Cu、Co、Mn、Ni修饰的Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃氧载体。利用化学吸附仪,通过程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和程序升温氧化(TPO)来研究经不同过渡金属修饰的Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃与H₂和O₂的反应性能。实验发现,在Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃中加入Cu、Co、Ni以后,氧载体与H₂的反应性都有提高,但是当在Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃中加入Mn以后,氧载体的反应性和载氧能力反而下降。经Cu修饰的Fe₂O₃/Al₂O₃与H₂的反应性最高,且具有很好的反应稳定性,适合用于化学链燃烧。     

Mn/Ce-ZrO2催化剂低温NH3-SCR脱硝性能研究

采用浸渍法制备了三种具有不同载体的锰基NH₃低温选择性催化还原(NH₃-SCR)催化剂Mn/Ce-ZrO₂、Mn/P₂₅和Mn/Al₂O₃。研究了三种催化剂低温SCR脱硝活性及抗H₂O、抗SO₂性能,并采用XRD、NH₃-TPD和H₂-TPR手段对催化剂的物理化学性质进行表征。结果表明,在无H₂O和SO₂存在的情况下,三种催化剂的低温SCR催化活性均比较高。相对来说,Mn/Ce-ZrO₂在低温段(100~160℃)活性更高,Mn/P₂₅在高温段(160~220℃)活性更高,这与两种催化剂的氧化还原性质有关。H₂-TPR表征表明,Mn/Ce-ZrO₂更容易发生氧化还原反应,而Mn/P₂₅还原峰对应的温度较高、面积较大。三种催化剂均有很高的低温抗水性能。另外,Mn/Ce-ZrO₂的抗H₂O、抗SO₂性能最好,而Mn/P₂₅的抗H₂O、抗SO₂性能最差。Mn/Ce-ZrO₂具有较好的抗H₂O、抗SO₂性能是由于其具有较多的表面酸位点,且表面生成的硫铵盐不稳定。     

CeO2/γ-Al2O3复合材料制备及其光催化性能研究

以Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O及Al(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为原料,NH₄HCO₃为造孔剂,以沉淀法制备了具有介孔结构的CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃光催化材料。研究了不同NH₄∶Al及Ce∶Al摩尔比等条件下制备CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃样品的光催化性能。结果表明,所制备CeO₂/γ-Al₂O₃复合材料具有优异的光催化性能,最佳NH₄∶Al及Ce∶Al摩尔比分别为1及0.2,该条件下制备的样品BET比表面积为94.4642 m²·g^-1,孔径为5.8565 nm,对亚甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解率可达93.59%,动力学常数k为0.0218 m...     

Cu0-Fe3O4@壳聚糖微球的制备及其对染料污染物的催化氧化

采用Fe²⁺以及Cu²⁺与壳聚糖形成的双金属络合物作为前驱体溶液,一步成球后通过水热法制得Cu⁰-Fe₃O₄@壳聚糖微球。表征结果证明,Cu⁰以及Fe₃O₄均以纳米尺寸均匀镶嵌在壳聚糖微球中。当此壳聚糖微球投加量为0.5 g/L, H₂O₂投加量为40 mmol/L时,对初始浓度为20 mg/L的活性红73在60 min中内的脱色效率可达99%,且在pH 3.0～9.0范围内均能维持较高的效率。纳米Cu⁰在有氧条件下表面易形成Cu₂O层,不仅能够活化H₂O₂产生·OH,还可提供电子加快Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)之间的循环,使类芬顿反应高效进行。     

NiO/Mn3O4整体式催化剂催化分解臭氧的性能

将原料Ni(NO₃)₂·6H₂O、Mn₃O₄粉末和拟薄水铝石用球磨机球磨,以所得的浆料浸渍堇青石,经过焙烧,得到不同比例的NiO/Mn₃O₄催化剂。 通过催化分解臭氧活性测试发现,在空速为20000 h^-1时, 30NiO/Mn₃O₄(NiO占总质量的30%)催化剂的活性最高,臭氧分解率达到98%,催化剂活性稳定。 当提高空速为40000 h^-1,50NiO/Mn₃O₄(NiO占总质量的50%)催化剂的活性最高,臭氧分解率在90%左右,并且出现失活现象。 通过X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温(TPR)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)、BET比表面积法等表征,发现Mn₃O₄和NiO复合催化剂的比表面积大于单一金属氧化物催化剂的比表面积并且在Mn₃O₄和NiO复合催化剂中Mn₃O₄与NiO发生电子相互作用。 催化剂中的Mn₃O₄与NiO的协同催化作用。 使得Mn₃O₄与NiO混合物催化剂的还原温度降低,分解臭氧(O₃)活性提高。     

Mg-Al LDH的制备及Mg-Al LDH/H2O2体系降解水中环丙沙星的研究

分别以MgO和Al(OH)3为镁源及铝源,采用水热法制备Mg-Al LDH,研究了水热温度和氢氧化钠浓度对水热产物纯度的影响。结果显示在NaOH/MgO/Al(OH)3/(Na₂CO₃)摩尔比为2∶1∶0.5∶0.25,水热反应温度在120~150℃,反应12 h,可以得到纯相Mg-Al LDH。进一步以所制备的Mg-Al LDH为吸附剂,H₂O₂为氧化剂。系统研究了Mg-Al LDH/H₂O₂体系溶液pH、H₂O₂用量、污染物浓度、反应温度、反应时间等因素对Mg-Al LDH/H₂O₂体系降解水体中环丙沙星效果的影响。当Mg-Al LDH用量为0.05 g,H₂O₂用量为2 mL,系统pH为6.98,反应温度为35℃,环丙沙星浓度为30 mg·L^-1时,反应13 min环丙沙星的降解率可达97%。随着反应温度的升高,反应速率及平衡时降解率均有所提高,该过程可以用拟一级动力学方程描述,反应的表观活化能E a为19.29 kJ·mol^-1,指前因子A为0.38×10³ min^-1。Mg-Al LDHs/H₂O₂体系降解环丙沙星过程受反应速率控制,而非受传质控制。     

V2O5-Sb2O3-TiO2催化剂 低温NH3还原NO及其抗H2O和SO2毒化性能

浸渍法制备了催化剂V₂O₅-Sb₂O₃-TiO₂,考察了V₂O₅、Sb₂O₃负载量、pH值和焙烧温度对催化剂V₂O₅- Sb₂O₃-TiO₂低温氨选择性催化还原(SCR)NO活性的影响;同时,考察了催化剂V₂O₅-Sb₂O₃-TiO₂抗H₂O和SO₂毒化性能。结果表明,V₂O₅和Sb₂O₃负载量分别为5%和2%、焙烧温度为400℃、pH值为4时,催化剂SCR活性最好,反应温度220℃时,可达97%。Sb₂O₃的加入不仅能增强V₂O₅/TiO₂的催化活性,而且能明显提高催化剂的抗H₂O和SO₂毒化性能。SO₂、NO吸附暂态反应和TG-DTG测试表明,Sb₂O₃的促进机制主要是促进了催化剂在SO₂存在条件下对NO的吸附,同时,减弱了硫酸铵盐与催化剂之间的相互作用,硫酸铵盐更容易分解。     

Ce/Co比对Ag/CeO2-Co3O4催化剂低温氧化降解甲醛性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列具有不同Ce/Co比的Ag/CeO₂-Co₃O₄催化剂,对其在甲醛低温氧化降解中的催化性能进行了研究。结果发现,Ag/CeO₂-Co₃O₄催化剂具有较好的甲醛低温降解活性,而Ce/Co比是影响其催化性能的一个重要因素。XRD、氮吸附-脱附、Raman光谱、H₂-TPR和in-situ DRIFTS等表征结果表明,随着Co含量的增加,Ag/CeO₂-Co₃O₄催化剂的孔体积随之增大,而比表面积减小。CeO₂有利于Ag/CeO₂-Co₃O₄催化剂的氧化还原性能提高,促进氧空位增加,提升Co²⁺的含量,从而有利于氧分子的活化,促进甲醛降解。同时,in-situ DRIFTS结果表明,甲酸盐物种的分解是甲醛在Ag/CeO₂-Co₃O₄催化剂表面催化氧化降解的速控步骤。     

Mn3O4/石墨烯复合材料的制备与电化学性能研究

本文以氧化石墨烯（GO）溶液为氧化剂,采用水热法使GO直接氧化Mn(Ac)₂制备Mn₃O₄/石墨烯复合材料,并通过在制备过程中加入氨水提高了复合材料中GO的还原程度与Mn₃O₄颗粒的分散性. 制得的Mn₃O₄/石墨烯复合材料表现出优异的电化学性能. 在0.5 A·g^-1的电流密度下复合材料质量比容量可达到850 mAh·g^-1,0.5 A·g^-1时充放电循环测试200周容量保持率为99%.     

锰源对尖晶石LiMn2O4高温性能的影响

为考察不同锰源对所制备尖晶石LiMn₂O₄(LMO)电化学性能的影响(特别是高温性能),采用沉淀法制备前驱体,通过不同煅烧温度制备得到最常用的锰氧化物(MnO₂、Mn₂O₃和Mn₃O₄)为锰源,经相同条件制备得到LMO正极材料,通过考察所得LMO形貌及电化学性能来研究锰源与LMO电化学性能的关系。研究结果表明,相同的前驱体在不同煅烧温度下可以得到不同的锰氧化物,且各自具有不同的形貌结构。由这些锰氧化物都可以得到高纯度的LMO,但产物形貌结构以及材料中的八面体晶体含量和尺寸不同。由Mn₂O₃制备得到的LMO材料中的八面体晶体含量最多,且尺寸最均匀,在3种LMO中容量性能、倍率性能和循环性能最好：0.2C(1C=148 mA·g^-1)下首次放电比容量为131.8 mAh·g^-1;3C下还有100.4 mAh·g^-1的放电比容量。其...     

Phase relations in the K2W2O7-K2WO4-KPO3-Bi2O3 system and structure of K6.5Bi2.5W4P6O34

The phase relations in the cross-section of the K₂W₂O₇-K₂WO₄-KPO₃ containing 15 mol% Bi₂O₃ were undertaken using flux method. Crystallization fields of K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄, K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄), Bi₂WO₆, KBi(WO₄)₂ and their cocrystallization areas were identified. Novel phase K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction: sp. gr. P−1, a=9.4170(5), b=9.7166(4), c=17.6050(7) Å, α=90.052(5)°, β=103.880(5)° and γ=90.125(5)°. It has a layered structure, which contains {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers stacked parallel to ab plane and sheets composed by potassium atoms separating these layers. Sandwich-like {K₇Bi₅W₈P₁₂O₆₈}_∞ layers are assembled from [W₂P₂O₁₃]_∞ and [BiPO₄]_∞ building units, and are penetrated by tunnels with K/Bi atoms inside. FTIR-spectra of K₂Bi(PO₄)(WO₄) and K_6.5Bi_2.5W₄P₆O₃₄ were discussed on the basis of factor group theory.     

Sol-gel synthesis of K3InF6 and structural characterization of K2InC10O10H6F9, K3InC12O14H4F18 and K3InC12O12F18

K₃InF₆ is synthesized by a sol-gel route starting from indium and potassium acetates dissolved in isopropanol in the stoichiometry 1:3, with trifluoroacetic acid as fluorinating agent. The crystal structures of the organic precursors were solved by X-ray diffraction methods on single crystals. Three organic compounds were isolated and identified: K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉, K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈. The first one, deficient in potassium in comparison with the initial stoichiometry, is unstable. In its crystal structure, acetate as well as trifluoroacetate anions are coordinated to the indium atom. The two other precursors are obtained, respectively, by quick and slow evaporation of the solution. They correspond to the final organic compounds, which give K₃InF₆ by decomposition at high temperature. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₄H₄F₁₈ is characterized by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₄(OH_x)₂]^(5−2x)− and isolated [CF₃COOH_2−x]^(x−1)− molecules with x=2 or 1, surrounded by K⁺ cations. The crystal structure of K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ is only constituted by complex anions [In(CF₃COO)₆]³⁻ and K⁺ cations. For all these compounds, potassium cations ensure only the electroneutrality of the structure. IR spectra of K₂InC₁₀O₁₀H₆F₉ and K₃InC₁₂O₁₂F₁₈ were also performed at room temperature on pulverized crystals.     

KCl-KBO2-K2CO3, K2MoO4-KBO2-K2CO3, and K2WO4-KBO2-K2CO3 ternary systems

phase diagrams of KCl-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, K₂MoO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃, and K₂WO₄-KBO₂-K₂CO₃ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined to be E ₁: 622°C, 8.5 mol % KBO₂, 56.5 mol % KCl, and 35 mol % K₂CO₃; E ₂: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂MoO₄; E ₃: 710°C, 23 mol % KBO₂, 43 mol % K₂CO₃, and 34 mol % K₂WO₄. The specific heats of melting of the eutectics were determined.     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O和Li2SO4- K2SO4-H2O溶液的体积性质

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288K至318K温度范围内Li₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O和 Li₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O三元体系的密度。混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4.5 mol.kg_–1,混合溶液中Na₂SO₄和K₂SO₄的离子强度分数为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8。用密度实验值拟合得到了不同温度下Pitzer离子相互作用模型混合参数θ_V和 ψ_V,模型的计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.002 g.cm_–3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系的混合体积。     

Solubility in the Na2Cr2O7-(NH4)2Cr2O7-K2Cr2O7-H2O system

Solubility in the Na₂Cr₂O₇-(NH₄)₂Cr₂O₇-K₂Cr₂O₇-H₂O four-component water-salt system at 25, 50, and 75°C was studied for the first time. Phase field boundaries for individual salts and potassium and ammonium dichromate solid solutions, monovariant lines, and invariant points were determined. Experimental data were used to optimize the looped isohydric process of potassium dichromate preparation involving additional salts.     

NaBO2-NaCl-Na2CO3, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaMoO4, NaBO2- Na2CO3-NaWO4, and NaBO2-NaCl-Na2WO4 ternary systems

The phase diagrams of the NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂CO₃, NaBO₂-Na₂CO₃-Na₂MoO₄, NaBO₂- Na₂CO₃-Na₂WO₄, and NaBO₂-NaCl-Na₂WO₄ ternary systems were studied by a calculation-experimental method and differential thermal analysis. The coordinates of ternary eutectics were determined: E ₁: 612°C, 16 mol % NaBO₂, 42 mol % NaCl, and 42 mol % Na₂CO₃; E ₂: 568°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 28 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 60 mol % Na₂MoO₄; E ₃: 575°C, 12 mol % NaBO₂, 32 mol % Na₂CO₃, and 56 mol % Na₂WO₄; E ₄: 628°C, 8 mol % NaBO₂, 20 mol % NaCl, and 72 mol % Na₂WO₄; and E ₅: 655°C, 9 mol % NaBO₂, 53 mol % NaCl, and 38 mol % Na₂WO₄.     

Extension of the La7Mo7O30 structural type with La7Nb3W4O30 and La7Ta3W4O30 compounds

Two compounds of formula La₇A₃W₄O₃₀ (with A=Nb and Ta) were prepared by solid-state reaction at 1450 and 1490 °C. They crystallize in the rhombohedric space group R-3 (No. 148), with the hexagonal parameters: , and , . The structure of the materials was analyzed from X-ray, neutron and electronic diffraction. These oxides are isostructural of the reduced molybdenum compound La₇Mo₇O₃₀, which are formed of perovskite rod along [111]. An order between (Nb, Ta) and W is observed.     

Theoretical study of polyoxide clusters B20O30, Al20O30, V20O50, Si20O30H20, and Si20O30F20

The structural, electronic, and vibrational characteristics and energies of the isolated polyoxide clusters B₂₀O₃₀, Al₂₀O₃₀, V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀ and their complexes with the H⁻ ion and ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ have been calculated by the density functional theory B3LYP method with different basis sets. The computation results show that the symmetric closo structure I _h with oxygen bridges located above the centers of the faces of an empty [M₂₀] dodecahedron is more favorable for V₂₀O₅₀, Si₂₀O₃₀H₂₀, and Si₂₀O₃₀F₂₀. For B₂₀O₃₀, the cage closo isomer is also more favorable than the other isomers, but its structure is severely distorted as compared to a dodecahedron and has a symmetry close to C ₃ . For Al₂₀O₃₀, the I _h structure corresponds to a high-lying local minimum of the potential energy surface. For Al₂₀O₃₀, a set of unusual puckshaped isomers of symmetry C _i , with different numbers of four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and three-coordinate atoms ^IIIO, was localized; these structures are more than 90 kcal/mol more favorable than the dodecahedron I _h . The most favorable isomer of Al₂₀O₃₀ contains twelve four-coordinate atoms ^IVAl and four five-coordinate atoms ^VAl. The energies of dissociation of the most favorable M₂₀O₃₀ clusters into the M₂O₃ (C _2v ) and M₄O₆ (T _d ) fragments and, in the case of Al₂₀O₃₀, also into the Al₈O₁₂ (O _h ) and Al₁₂O₁₈ (D _3d ) fragments, have been estimated. The conclusion has been drawn that these clusters can, in principle, exist and can be experimentally detected in the isolated state. Analogous calculations have been performed for ammonia complexes Al₂₀O₃₀ · nNH₃ with n varying from 1 to 20. The effect of solvation on the relative stability of the dodecahedral and puckshaped isomers of the Al₂₀O₃₀ cluster is observed. The isomers with ammonia molecules in their first coordination sphere become much closer to one another on the energy scale; however, the dodecahedron remains a considerably less favorable intermediate. Original Russian Text ? O.P. Charkin, N.M. Klimenko, D.O. Charkin, 2008, published in Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii, 2008, Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 624–635.     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

Structural chemistry of Sr3Cr2WO9, Ca3Cr2WO9, and Ba3Cr2WO9

We have studied the preparation and crystallographic structure of three perovskite-type compounds: Sr₃Cr₂WO₉, cubic, the lattice parameter of which is a = 7.812Å; Ca₃Cr₂WO₉, tetragonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.408 Å and c = 7.635Å; and Ba₃Cr₂WO₉, hexagonal, the lattice parameters of which are a = 5.691 Å and c = 13.957Å. We have compared these three structures and shown the relationship between the dimensions of the alkaline-earth metal and the existence of the different structures.