鬼臼葡聚糖的化学结构

从植物鬼臼根的沸水提取液中分离出一个水溶性多糖EPS。它是由单一葡萄糖残基构成的葡萄糖, 分子量约为1.6×10^4。经酸全水解, 甲基化反应, 高碘酸氧化, Smith降解, KI-I~2反应, IR, ^1H NMR和^1^3C NMR分析, 证明其化学结构为1,4-葡萄糖残基为主链, 并在6-O位有侧链的葡聚糖。     

柘树根多糖的分离纯化及结构表征

以柘树[Cudrania tricuspidata(Carr.) Bur.]的根为材料, 经热水抽提、木瓜蛋白酶-Sevag法除蛋白、乙醇沉淀和DEAE-Sephadex A-50凝胶柱层析分离纯化, 得到一种水溶性的柘树根多糖(CPS-0). 采用HPLC、糖基组成分析、甲基化分析、GC、GC-MS、NMR(1H NMR, 13C NMR及HMQC)、元素分析、UV和IR等技术对CPS-0的纯度、性质、组成和结构进行表征. 结果表明, CPS-0仅含葡萄糖, 分子量为4.6×103, 主链由1,4-连接的α-D-葡萄糖残基组成, 其侧链由末端及1,4-连接的葡萄糖残基构成, 取代于主链分支点葡萄糖的6位, 平均每10个葡萄糖残基组成的重复单元中含有1个分支.     

金钗石斛免疫活性多糖DNP-W1B的结构特征

从金钗石斛茎中获得了1个均一多糖组分DNP-W1B, 采用化学与光谱学结合的手段对其一级结构进行了解析. 结果表明, DNP-W1B分子量为7.7×10⁵, 比旋度²⁰_D=+81.3°(c0.3, H₂O), 由葡萄糖、 阿拉伯糖和半乳糖3种单糖组成, 摩尔比为6.2:3.1:0.9. DNP-W1B主链由1,4-和1,6-连接的葡萄糖残基组成, 在主链1,6-连接葡萄糖残基的4位形成分支, 支链由末端半乳糖残基和阿拉伯糖残基组成. 初步的免疫活性实验结果表明, DNP-W1B在体外能促进免疫细胞的增殖.     

斜顶菌中水溶性多糖的研究(Ⅰ)——分离、纯化与结构确定

从斜顶菌中提取水溶性多糖,其组成是以葡萄糖为主,并夹有甘露糖和少量岩藻糖。经纯化与鉴定得单一葡聚糖,其平均分子量为132万。结构分析指明此葡聚糖有多分枝结构,其中以β(1→3)连接的葡萄糖残基为主链骨干,并具有β(1→6)和少量β(1→4)的侧链和边缘结构。经动物试验表明此多糖对ICR小白鼠S-180有一定的抑瘤作用(42.8％)。     

酶解-高效液相色谱法检测麦片和啤酒中β-葡聚糖的含量

用纤维素酶将样品提取液中的β-葡聚糖酶解为葡萄糖,高效液相色谱-示差折光检测葡萄糖,从而确定样品中β-葡聚糖的含量.0.1g粉碎后的麦片用1mL80%乙醇洗涤,5mL 水提取,检测提取液中β-葡聚糖的含量.用该方法检测标准物质大麦,回收率大于72.0%,相对标准偏差为2.5%,检出限为2%.10mL 啤酒样品用40mL95%乙醇沉淀,离心,沉淀物于80℃烘干,用1.8mL水溶解,测定溶液中β-葡聚糖的含量.啤酒中β-葡聚糖的检出限为40mg/L.方法可对大麦和啤酒中β-葡聚糖含量进行检测.     

中药黄芪有效成份的研究 Ⅰ.多糖体的分离、性质及其生理活性

从内蒙黄芪(Astragalus mongholicus Bunge)根的水提液中分得三种多糖:黄芪多糖Ⅰ,Ⅱ及Ⅲ。经玻璃纤维纸电泳及Sephadex G-150凝胶过滤表明为均一体。黄芪多糖Ⅰ是杂多糖,由D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖和L-阿拉伯糖组成。其克分子比为1.75:1.63:1此外还含痕迹量的五碳糖,经已知分子量的标准葡聚糖在Sephadex G-75凝胶层析所标定的曲线上求得其平均分子量约为36300,比旋度为正,[α]_D~(30.5)+101.5(H _2O)。黄芪多糖Ⅱ及Ⅲ均为D-葡聚糖,其平均分子量分别约为12300和34600,比旋度亦为正,分别为[α]_D~(30.5)+170.8(H_2O)和[α]_D~(26)+177.6(H_2O)。黄芪多糖Ⅱ及Ⅲ经过碘酸氧化及Smith降解结果,除了产生大量的赤藓醇外,还产生丙三醇,这个结果表明两者的组成除含少量α-(1→6)-D-葡萄糖缩合键外。主要是α-(1→4)-D-葡萄糖的缩合键。 APS是水提取液中所分得的均一多糖部位,主要由黄芪多糖Ⅰ及Ⅱ组成,在小鼠上具有广泛的各种负疫作用,能增加小鼠脾脏的重量及细胞数,增加小鼠脾脏对绵羊红细胞的免疫应答反应和促进腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬功能。若将黄芪多糖Ⅰ及Ⅱ分别试验,初步结果表明多糖Ⅰ能增加脾脏重量及细胞数。但抑制脾细胞对绵羊红细胞的免疫应答反应;多糖Ⅱ作用与多糖Ⅰ相似,但较弱;而多糖Ⅲ则没有作用。     

大豆木糖葡聚糖的结构研究

利用4mol·dm^-^3NaOH提取结合层析柱提纯, 从大豆细胞壁物质(膳食纤维)中分离出PRF6聚合物组分(即木糖葡聚糖)。通过酸水解、酸部分水解、纤维素酶降解和甲基化等分析方法, 借助气相色谱和色质联用等现代仪器, 对该组分的结构特征作了详尽的剖析。结果表明其主链结构是由β(1→4)糖苷键连接的葡聚糖, 主链在6-C位置带有吡喃木糖残基作为侧键, 部分木糖残基在2-C位置还连有阿拉伯呋喃糖或半乳吡喃糖残基。     

β-环糊精2位碳仲羟基的选择性磺酰化

环糊精(CD)是由若干葡萄糖残基以α-(1,4)-糖苷键连接而成的大环化合物,它最大的特征是能在其分子空腔内结合多种有机、无机分子,因此 CD 及经化学修饰得到的一些衍生物可以较好地模拟天然酶的一些特性。对 CD 进行化学修饰的一个重要步骤往往是对它的羟基进行选择性的磺酰化。β-CD 是由7个葡萄糖残基组成的,其伯羟基的单对甲苯磺     

葡聚糖分子量和接枝度对阿霉素/白蛋白-葡聚糖纳米粒子体外抗肿瘤效果的影响

以Maillard反应制备的牛血清白蛋白-葡聚糖共价接枝物作为载体, 通过调节混合溶液的pH值和温度制备负载阿霉素的白蛋白-葡聚糖纳米粒子. 利用分子量为5×10³, 10×10³和62×10³的葡聚糖制备了多种共价接枝物, 研究了共价接枝物分子量对载药纳米粒子的粒径和稳定性及载药量的影响. 用短链葡聚糖(分子量5×10³和10×10³)制备的纳米粒子粒径为60 nm左右, 用长链葡聚糖(分子量62×10³)制备的纳米粒子粒径约为200 nm; 阿霉素的包埋效率为81%~98%, 包埋量为7.4%~16.9%. 细胞实验结果表明, 共价接枝物具有很好的生物相容性; 与自由阿霉素相比, 纳米粒子可以促进阿霉素进入人口腔上皮癌细胞; 受缓释性质的影响, 纳米粒子在低浓度时的细胞毒性要小于自由阿霉素. 与长链葡聚糖纳米粒子相比, 接枝度高的短链葡聚糖纳米粒子由于具有较小的粒径、 密集的葡聚糖分子刷表面、 一定的自由阿霉素浓度和较快的阿霉素释放速率, 因而更容易进入细胞并具有更好的体外抗肿瘤活性.     

β-D-葡萄糖残基负载的水溶性NADH辅酶模型物的设计与合成

以烟酸为起始原料,设计并合成了一系列葡萄糖残基负载的水溶性NADH辅酶模型物,其结构经1H NMR表征.     

A new triterpene glucosyl ester from the fruit of the blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis)

A new triterpene glucosyl ester, rubusside A, has been isolated from the fruit of the blackberry (Rubus allegheniensis PORT.) along with a known triterpene glucosyl ester, niga-ichigoside F1. The chemical structure of rubusside A was determined on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence.     

Synthetic utility of glycosyl triazoles in carbohydrate chemistry

We report herein a study of the synthetic utility of the glucosyl triazole moiety in carbohydrate chemistry. A model glucosyl triazole was prepared by a modified Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction. The relative rate of cycloaddition was investigated using a variety of alcohol co-solvents and reaction temperatures. It was found that the reaction proceeded with similar efficiency irrespective of co-solvent, however mildly elevated temperatures (40 °C cf. rt) increased the speed of reaction significantly (2 h cf. 8 h). The robustness of the triazole moiety was then interrogated under conditions typically encountered in carbohydrate chemistry reaction sequences—alcohol group protection/deprotection, nucleophilic displacement, and O-glycosylation. The triazole integrity was retained in all cases studied as evidenced from full compound characterization. Finally, a diverse set of triazole-linked glycoconjugates was synthesized. Collectively, our results demonstrated that the glucosyl triazole moiety was indeed a robust entity for carbohydrate chemistry.     

β-Selective Glucosylation in the Absence of Neighboring Group Participation: Influence of the 3,4-O-Bisacetal Protecting System

A 3,4-O-bisacetal 2,6-di-O-benzyl protected thioglucoside is converted to the corresponding glucosyl triflate with 1-benzenesulfinyl piperidine and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride. The moderate to excellent β-selectivity exhibited with this glucosyl triflate with a range of alcohols is generally higher than that observed with the more electronically disarmed corresponding 3,4-O-carbonate, for which a possible reason is advanced.     

A facile and highly stereoselective synthesis of 1-thiotrehalose

A facile and highly stereoselective synthesis of 1-thiotrehalose, that is, α,α-S-linked trehalose, is described. Glycosylation of configurationally pure α-glucosyl thiol 5 with glucosyl trichloroacetimidate 6 or glucosyl thioimidate 9 followed by deprotection afforded 1-thiotrehalose in excellent α-stereoselectivity and high yield. A different synthetic route to the key building block, α-glucosyl thiol 5, was also investigated in this report.     

Phenolic components of Olea europaea--isolation of tyrosol derivatives

A new tyrosol derivative, the oleic ester of tyrosol, was isolated from fruits of Olea europaea, Cassanese cultivar. Salidroside, the known glucosyl derivative of thyrosol, was isolated from the Carolea cultivar.     

葡萄糖基聚膦腈水凝胶的制备

通过对葡萄糖的羟基引入保护基再与聚二氯磷腈反应后用强酸脱保护制得侧链含部分葡萄糖基的聚膦腈,然后测量聚合物与植物外源凝集素ConA混合溶液的透光率的变化来研究凝胶化过程.结果表明,在ConA的浓度相同的情况下,聚合物溶液的浓度越大,越容易形成凝胶;第二取代基团的水溶性好,葡萄糖的侧基比例大,有益于凝胶的形成.     

Synthesis of Some Novel Glucosyl Triazoles from 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-pivaloyl-D-glucopyranosyl Azide

In the present study, we have synthesized a series of novel glucosyl triazoles for the first time. The glucosyl triazoles 4a–e were synthesized by reaction of some azidoglycosides with various terminal alkynes via a copper-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition (“click chemistry”) and were deprotected to afford the corresponding glucosyl triazoles 5a–e in good yields. The structures of the new compounds were determined by IR, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The antitumor (human cervical cancer cell) activity was evaluated for the target compounds.     

Synthesis of urea-tethered neoglycoconjugates and pseudooligosaccharides in water

A novel approach to the synthesis of urea glycosides in aqueous media has been explored. Steyermark's glucopyranosyl oxazolidinone was found to be a good synthon for anchoring glucosyl moieties onto amines and thiols. The present method was successfully applied to establish a new route for the synthesis of urea-tethered neoglycoconjugates and pseudooligosaccharides in water.     

MALDI Imaging Assisted Discovery of a Di-O-glycosyltransferase from Platycodon grandiflorum Root

A matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) assisted genome mining strategy was developed for the discovery of glycosyltransferase (GT) from the root of Platycodon grandiflorum. A di-O-glycosyltransferase PgGT1 was discovered and characterized that is capable of catalyzing platycoside E (PE) synthesis through the attachment of two β-1,6-linked glucosyl residues sequentially to the glucosyl residue at the C3 position of platycodin D (PD). Although UDP-glucose is the preferred sugar donor for PgGT1, it could also utilize UDP-xylose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine as weak donors. Residues S273, E274, and H350 played important roles in stabilizing the glucose donor and positioning the glucose in the optimal orientation for the glycosylation reaction. This study clarified two key steps involved in the biosynthetic pathway of PE and could greatly contribute to improving its industrial biotransformation.