Fe-CuS/还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)的制备及其光催化性能

以氯化铜（CuCl₂·2H₂O）、硫脲（（NH₂）₂CS,Tu）、1,2-丙二醇（1,2-PG）、氯化铁（FeCl₃·6H₂O）及氧化石墨烯（GO）为原料,通过溶剂热法制备了具有可见光活性的Fe-CuS/RGO复合材料。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman、XPS、TG、UV-Vis等手段对产品进行了表征,并以亚甲基蓝（MB）为目标降解物对其可见光催化活性进行了研究。光催化结果表明：在汞灯（150 W）下照射140 min,CuS、CuS/RGO和Fe-CuS/RGO对MB的脱色率分别为41.2%、81.5%和90.6%。Fe-CuS/RGO对MB的降解效率较CuS/RGO和CuS有较大提升,可能原因是Fe元素有利于电荷在CuS与RGO界面间传输,降低了光生电子-空穴对的复合几率,进而提高了光催化活性。     

Cr掺杂TiO_2纳米线/还原氧化石墨烯复合物的制备及光催化活性

以TiO_2纳米颗粒P25和氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,Cr(NO_3)_3·9H_2O为Cr源,采用碱性水热法制备了Cr掺杂TiO_2纳米线/还原氧化石墨烯复合物(Cr-Ti O2 NWs/RGO).采用类似方法合成了TiO_2纳米线(Ti O2NWs)、Cr掺杂Ti O2纳米线(Cr-TiO_2NWs)和TiO_2纳米线/还原氧化石墨烯复合物(TiO_2 NWs/RGO)等其它样品.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼(Raman)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-VisDRS)等方法对样品进行了表征.测试了样品在可见光下对亚甲基蓝(MB)的降解活性,结果表明,Cr-TiO_2NWs/RGO在120 min内对MB的催化降解率为TiO_2NWs的2.2倍,催化降解速度为TiO_2NWs的5.8倍.     

原位构筑Type-II型异质结MgSnOH6/SnO2及其 光催化降解罗丹明B的研究

本文采用一锅法水热制备Type-II型光催化复合材料MgSn(OH)_6/SnO_2,并将其用于降解罗丹明B溶液的研究。通过粉末X射线多晶衍射和傅里叶红外反射光谱进行结构表征。研究结果表明,原料MgCl_2·6H_2O/SnCl_4·5H_2O=4/6 mmol时,具有最优的光催化降解效果,其降解率在60 min达到99%,光催化降解行为满足赝一级动力学模型,速率常数为0.076 min~(-1)。光催化活性自由基捕获实验发现,羟基自由基(·OH),超氧自由基(·O~-_2)和空穴(h~+)均为主要的氧化活性物种。此外,我们还采用光电化学测量研究了其光催化机理。光催化活性的增强是由于在MgSn(OH)_6和SnO_2之间形成了Type-II型异质结,加速了光生电子和空穴的有效分离。循环实验表明MSOH-SO-50样品具有良好的光催化降解和结构稳定性。本文的研究为探索新型、高效的半导体光催化剂提供了重要的研究指导。     

有序介孔三氧化二铟/还原氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

以有序介孔三氧化二铟(m-In2O3)和还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)为原料,采用紫外光照射法合成了介孔三氧化二铟/还原氧化石墨烯(m-In2O3-RGO)复合光催化剂.利用N2吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、漫反射吸收光谱(DRS)和光电流测试等手段对样品进行表征.在可见光照射下,以对氯苯酚(4-CP)为目标污染物,考察了m-In2O3-RGO光催化剂的催化性能.结果表明,m-In2O3-RGO光催化剂具有完整的晶型和规则的孔道结构,有利于光生电子和空穴的分离.同时,作为固态电子受体与传输体的RGO促进了光生电子-空穴对的传输和分离,有效提高了可见光催化性能.掺杂2%(质量分数)RGO的复合光催化剂性能最佳,4 h可将4-CP降解96%以上,催化剂经多次循环使用后,其光催化活性基本保持不变.     

四氧化三铁包覆磷酸银复合光催化剂的可见光催化性能

利用沉淀法制备了四氧化三铁包覆的磷酸银高效可见光催化剂;采用X射线粉末衍射仪、固体紫外可见漫反射光谱仪及荧光光谱仪分析了催化剂的晶体结构和光学性质.与此同时,以光催化降解亚甲基蓝(MB)为探针反应,对催化剂的可见光催化性能进行了考察.结果表明,Fe3O4负载量为2%(质量分数)的复合催化剂对MB的降解率在60min时几乎达到100%;但随着Fe3O4负载量的增加,催化剂的光催化活性有所下降.     

Ag负载CdMoO4光催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用硼氢化钠还原法制备了Ag负载Cd Mo O4光催化剂。运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等测试手段对催化剂的组成和结构进行了表征;采用紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对催化剂的光响应和表面状态进行了分析,考察了不同Ag负载量对Cd Mo O4紫外光降解罗丹明B和可见光选择性氧化苯甲醇性能的影响。结果表明,与Cd Mo O4相比,Ag/Cd Mo O4具有更高的光催化活性。利用活性物种捕获实验探讨其光催化降解过程的反应机理,实验结果显示O2-·和·OH是光催化降解过程的主要活性物种。     

基于单质法合成直接Z型CuS-WO_3及光催化性能

以Cu粉和S粉作为CuS前驱体,基于单质法在低温下原位合成了CuS-WO_3光催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、比表面积和紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对CuS-WO_3的晶相、形貌、粒径及光学性质等进行了表征。结果表明,CuS对WO_3的晶相结构、粒径及比表面积没有明显影响,但是可以有效提高WO_3对可见光的吸收。以降解罗丹明B(Rh B)为反应模型,研究了CuS对WO_3光催化性能的影响。结果表明,在可见光照射下,CuS-WO_3复合材料的光催化活性优于CuS、WO_3的光催化活性,且CuS的含量对CuS-WO_3光催化活性影响显著,CuS含量为7%(w,质量分数)时,光催化效率最高(91.3%)。进一步结合CuS、WO_3的能带位置,荧光光谱(PL)活性物种鉴定试验,提出CuS-WO_3复合光催化剂的"直接Z型"光催化机理。直接Z型CuS-WO_3复合光催化剂中可以有效抑制电子-空穴的复合。因此,与CuS和WO_3相比,CuS-WO_3复合光催化剂具有较高的光催化性能。     

稀土离子Tm3+掺杂Bi2WO6的可见光催化性能

以Na_2WO_4·2H_2O和Bi(NO_3)_3·5H_2O为主要原料,采用水热法合成了稀土离子Tm~(3+)掺杂的Bi_2WO_6光催化剂。采用XRD、SEM、TEM、Raman、PL、DRS研究了Tm~(3+)掺杂Bi_2WO_6的物相,微观形貌和可见光催化性能。结果表明,Tm~(3+)掺杂有效提高了Bi_2WO_6的光催化性能,当掺杂量为6%时,样品的光催化性能最好,可见光照射30 min后,对罗丹明B的降解效率达到91.27%,而可见光照射5 h后,对焦糖色素的降解效率达45.25%。与未掺杂Bi_2WO_6相比,分别提高了27.78%和35.22%。     

原位聚合PPy/g-C_3N_4复合物增强可见光催化性能（英文）

近年发展起来的低能耗、高效率的光催化技术为解决环境污染和能源短缺等问题提供了新途径.在众多光催化材料中,非金属石墨相氮化碳(g-C_3N_4)半导体材料因其化学稳定性和热稳定性优异、能带结构易调控、前驱体价格低廉等特点备受关注.然而,g-C_3N_4的光生电子-空穴对极易复合,比表面积较小,不能充分利用太阳光等,因而其光催化活性较低.目前,为了提高g-C_3N_4光催化性能,多采用金属或非金属元素掺杂、与其他物质形成异质结、与其他半导体材料进行共聚合等方式.其中,共聚合有利于调节g-C_3N_4内部电子结构,促进g-C_3N_4光生载流子的分离与迁移,而且具有高度离域π-π*共轭结构的导电聚合物更适合与g-C_3N_4进行共聚合,从而进一步提高g-C_3N_4的光催化性能.本文采用原位聚合法制备合成了导电聚吡咯(PPy)与g-C_3N_4的复合材料,并以10 mg L.1亚甲基蓝(MB)作为目标污染物评价其可见光催化性能.经X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜、比表面积、紫外-可见光谱等一系列表征分析可知,PPy/g-C_3N_4复合物(002)晶面衍射峰强度较g-C_3N_4减弱,表明PPy抑制了g-C_3N_4晶型生长,但未影响其晶型结构.不规则薄片状g-C_3N_4表面均匀地负载有非晶态PPy颗粒,复合物微观形貌发生变化.PPy与g-C_3N_4共轭芳香环层间堆积形成的介孔、大孔孔径和孔容积均增加,比表面积增大了7 m2 g.1,使目标污染物能与光催化剂表面活性物质充分接触反应.同时,PPy具有较强吸光系数,对可见光能完全吸收;PPy/g-C_3N_4复合物的可见光吸收边带发生红移,呈现出较g-C_3N_4更强的可见光吸收能力,提高对可见光的利用效率.光催化降解MB实验结果表明,在可见光(12 W LED灯)照射2 h后,含有0.75 wt%PPy的复合样品0.75PPy/g-C_3N_4表现出最佳光催化活性,MB降解效率为99%;且污染物光催化降解过程符合准一级动力学,反应速率常数(0.03773 min~(-1))约为同条件下g-C_3N_4(0.01284 min~(-1))的3倍.自由基捕获测试实验表明,g-C_3N_4和0.75PPy/g-C_3N_4均产生了·O~2~-自由基,但后者的·O2~-信号更强.这是因为PPy也可吸收可见光并激发出电子,该电子转移到g-C_3N_4导带,再与其本身的电子共同与O2反应生成·O_2-.然而只有0.75PPy/g-C_3N_4在光催化过程中产生了·OH自由基,是由于g-C_3N_4的价带(+1.4 eV)较H_2O/·OH(+2.38 eV vs.NHE)和OH~-/·OH(+1.99 eV vs.NHE)小,此价带上的h~+不能与H_2O和OH~-反应生成·OH,而是由生成的·O_2~-再与e~-和H~+反应产生,即·O_2~-+2H+2e~-CB→·OH+OH~-.本文最后分析了以·O_2~-和·OH作为主要活性物质的PPy/g-C_3N_4复合物光催化降解污染物的反应机理,PPy具有强导电性,可作为光生电子和空穴的传输通道,抑制其在g-C_3N_4表面的复合.     

缺陷TiO_(2-x)中空微球的制备及光催化降解亚甲基蓝性能（英文）

通过氢还原TiO_2中空微球制备有缺陷的TiO_(2-x)中空微球。采用冷场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射法(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、电子顺磁共振波谱(ESR),拉曼光谱仪、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)和电化学测试等对制得的光催化剂进行了结构和性能表征。采用可见光催化降解亚甲蓝(MB)性能对光催化剂的光催化活性进行评价。分析了提高光催化活性的机理及MB的降解机理。在探讨MB初始浓度对降解过程的影响的基础上提出了一种新的光催化降解染料动力学模型。结果表明TiO_(2-x)中空微球的光催化活性优于TiO_(2-x)是因为形成了具有更高比表面积的中空微球结构。降解MB分子的氧化剂为h~+、·O_2~-和·OH,其中仅由光生空穴生成的·OH起了主要作用。与拟一级动力学模型相比,新的模型可以更真实有效地描述光催化降解MB过程,因为不仅其计算结果更符合实验数据,而且该模型中的速率常数不随染料初始浓度的变化而变化。     

Mesoporous Fe2O3-doped TiO2 nanostructured fibers with higher photocatalytic activity

Mesoporous Fe(2)O(3)-doped TiO(2) nanostructured fibers were fabricated through electrospinning the relevant gel precursor. The prepared fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and surface analysis, respectively. The photocatalytic activity of these mesoporous composite fibers was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in water under UV irradiation. Compared with different types of photocatalysts, the 1% Fe(2)O(3)-doped TiO(2) fibers exhibited super photocatalytic activity.     

Improving the catalytic activity of magnetic Fe3O4/ZnO-CdO/reduced graphene oxide for ultrasonic degradation of the organic pollutants and the green oxidation of olefins

Magnetic Fe₃O₄/ZnO-CdO/reduced graphene oxide (MFZC/RGO) has been synthesized by simple hydrothermal method. The structure and morphology were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), Raman and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). MFZC/RGO was applied as catalyst in degradation of methylene blue (MB), rhodamin B (RhB) and methylorange (MO) under ultrasonic irradiation. Based on the results, excellent degradation efficiencies of MB, RhB and MO (>99%) were achieved within 10, 20 and 20 min, respectively under oxygen flow. Moreover the catalytic property of MFZC/RGO was investigated in oxidation of styrene, α-methyl styrene, cyclohexene and cyclooctene under oxygen flow. In addition, MFZC/RGO can be easily collected and separated by an external magnet. The catalyst displayed negligible loss in activity and selectivity within several successive runs due to super paramagnetism.     

还原氧化石墨烯/TiO2纳米复合物制备及其光催化性能

采用一步水热法制备了还原氧化石墨烯-二氧化钛(RGO-P25)纳米复合物.通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X射线衍射(XRD)及紫外-可见漫反射谱(UVVisDRS)对复合材料的结构和光电性能进行了表征.在紫外光照和可见光照条件下,研究了不同复合比例的复合物的光催化降解甲基蓝(MB)的性能.结果表明:在水热过程中氧化石墨烯被还原,通过静电引力相互作用得到了具有较高缺陷的还原氧化石墨烯复合物.随着RGO含量的增加,复合物的禁带宽度由3.00 eV变到2.27eV,复合物的导电性增强.在可见光和紫外光光照条件下, 30 min内1%(w,质量分数)RGO-P25光催化降解甲基蓝的效率都超过了80%.紫外光照条件下, 1%RGO-P25纳米复合物催化降解N3染料, cis-Ru(H₂dcbpy)₂(NCS)₂ (H₂dcbpy = 4, 4'-二羧酸-2, 2'-联吡啶), 30 min内63%(摩尔分数)的染料被降解.与P25(75%锐钛矿, 25%金红石)相比,石墨烯的加入大大提高了光催化效率,有效抑制了电子-空穴对的复合.     

可见光下具有高光子效应和光催化活性的CuS-石墨烯氧化物/TiO2复合材料的制备（英文）

CuS-graphene oxide/TiO2 composites were prepared using a sol-gel method to improve the photocatalytic performance of the photocatalyst. The composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The photocatalytic activities were examined by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) under visible-light irradiation. The photodegradation of MB under visible-light irradiation reached 90.1% after 120 min. The kinetics of MB degradation was plotted alongside the values calculated from the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation. The CuS-graphene oxide/TiO2 sample prepared using 0.2 mol of TiO2 showed the best photocatalytic activity. This was attributed to a cooperative reaction as a result of increased photoabsorption by graphene oxide and an increased photocatalytic effect by CuS.     

Comparison study of BiVO4 heterojunctions photocatalyst with different carbon materials

MWCNT/BiVO₄ and RGO/BiVO₄ heterojunctions were synthesized by the sol–gel method, and the photocatalytic activity of MWCNT/BiVO₄ and RGO/BiVO₄ were evaluated by monitoring the degradation of RhB in a heterogeneous photocatalytic reactor. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that a series of heterojunction structure composites were successfully synthesized, the heterojunction structure playing a crucial role in the electron–hole recombination. The crystal structure of BiVO₄ was still monoclinic after the doping of MWCNT and RGO according to the XRD analysis, while the active sites of MWCNT/BiVO₄ and RGO/BiVO₄ were more than pure BiVO₄. The RGO with a two-dimensional carbon sheet expressed higher performance than MWCNT with a one-dimensional carbon sheet for BiVO₄ because the layered structure of the RGO had a stronger electron-trapping capability than MWCNT. The optimal MWCNT content was 2%, and the 6% RGO/BiVO₄ showed the highest photocatalytic degradation efficiency of RhB. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency remained above 80% after five cycle tests.

     

Efficient photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine-B by Fe doped CuS diluted magnetic semiconductor nanoparticles under the simulated sunlight irradiation

The present work is planned for a simple, inexpensive and efficient approach for the synthesis of Cu_1-xFe_xS (x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05 and 0.07) nanoparticles via simplistic chemical co-precipitation route by using ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) as a capping molecules. As synthesized nanoparticles were used as competent catalysts for degradation of rhodamine-B organic dye pollutant. The properties of prepared samples were analyzed with energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible optical absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, Raman spectra and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). EDAX spectra corroborated the existence of Fe in prepared nanoparticles within close proximity to stoichiometric ratio. XRD, FTIR and Raman patterns affirmed that configuration of single phase hexagonal crystal structure as that of (P6₃/mmc) CuS, without impurity crystals. The average particle size estimated by TEM scrutiny is in the assortment of 5–10 nm. UV-visible optical absorption measurements showed that band gap narrowing with increasing the Fe doping concentration. VSM measurements revealed that 3% Fe doped CuS nanoparticles exhibited strong ferromagnetism at room temperature and changeover of magnetic signs from ferromagnetic to the paramagnetic nature with increasing the Fe doping concentration in CuS host lattice. Among all Fe doped CuS nanoparticles, 3% Fe inclusion CuS sample shows better photocatalytic performance in decomposition of RhB compared with the pristine CuS. Thus as synthesized Cu_0·97Fe_0·03S nanocatalysts are tremendously realistic compounds for photocatalytic fictionalization in the direction of organic dye degradation under visible light.     

Improved visible light photocatalytic activity of titania loaded with silver on discoloration of a heterocyclic aromatic chemical dye solution

The photocatalytic activity of silver deposited Degussa P25 titanium dioxide (Ag-DP25) in the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) was investigated. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), infrared spectra and surface photovoltage spectroscopy (SPS) techniques. The obtained results show that the silver dopant could effectively inhibit the recombination of the photoinduced electron and holes, improving the absorption capability for visible light of photocatalyst and leading to increased surface OH group density. The degradation experiment reveals that the catalytic property of Ag-DP25 in the degradation of MB dye is more efficient than that of commercially available Degussa P25 TiO₂ (DP25) samples under visible-light irradiation. Besides, degradation kinetics of MB dye can, be well described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation and shows pseudo-first order law.     

RGO/C3N4复合材料的制备及可见光催化性能

通过半封闭一步热裂解法和改进的Hummers法分别制备了类石墨氮化碳(C₃N₄)和氧化石墨烯(GO),再利用光还原方法制得还原氧化石墨烯/氮化碳(RGO/C₃N₄)复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电镜(FESEM),X射线光电子能谱(XPS),紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(DRS),光致荧光(PL)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等测试技术对复合材料进行表征。以罗丹明B(RhB)为探针分子在可见光下考察RGO/C₃N₄复合材料的光催化活性,结果表明：RGO的引入显著提高了C₃N₄的光催化活性,且6.0%RGO/C₃N₄复合物的光催化活性最高,可能的原因是RGO具有优良的传导和接受电子性能,抑制了C₃N₄光生电子-空穴的复合机率,进而提高了光催化活性。