磁性壳聚糖复合微球的制备及其Cu2+吸附性能

以球磨后的粉煤灰磁珠（MS）颗粒为磁核,通过溶胶凝胶法和反相微乳液法依次包覆SiO₂和壳聚糖（CS）,制备了MS@SiO₂@CS磁性微球。利用扫描电镜及能量色散谱仪、热重分析仪、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、振动样品磁强计对所得样品的结构和磁性进行了系统表征。结果表明,磁珠颗粒表面实现了逐层包覆,较均匀的分散于壳聚糖基体中,MS@SiO₂@CS微球的比饱和磁化强度可达7.04 emu·g^-1。Cu²⁺离子吸附实验表明,所得磁性壳聚糖微球对Cu²⁺具有良好的吸附能力,最大吸附量可达11.08 mg·g^-1;而且可通过磁选法高效固液分离。吸附动力学研究表明,MS@SiO₂@CS微球对Cu²⁺离子的吸附符合准二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为主。     

高岭土磁性复合材料表面印迹聚合物选择性吸附分离环丙沙星

以氨基改性的磁性高岭土为基质材料,利用电子转移产生催化剂的原子转移自由基聚合法制备磁性高岭土表面印迹聚合物(MMIPs)。通过FTIR、TEM、TGA、XRD和VSM等方法对其物理化学性质进行表征,其比表面积112 m2·g-1,且具有较好的热稳定性、超顺磁性(Ms=13.365 emu·g-1)。吸附性能研究表明,准二级动力学模型能较好地描述MMIPs对环丙沙星(CIP)吸附动力学行为,Langmuir等温模型能较好地拟合MMIPs对CIP的吸附平衡数据,25℃时MMIPs的单分子层吸附容量为89.36 mg·g-1。选择性实验研究表明,MMIPs对CIP具有较好地选择识别性。结合高效液相色谱分析技术,MMIPs已成功应用于鲜鱼样品中痕量CIP的分离、富集和回收,CIP的回收率为92.15%。     

双层SiO2包覆Fe3O4复合材料的制备及其染料吸附性能

采用改进的Stober法合成了多孔结构的双层SiO₂包覆Fe₃O₄复合材料,利用TEM、XRD、VSM和氮吸附-脱附实验对其结构与性能进行分析,进而研究其对染料的吸附性能。研究结果表明,双层SiO₂包覆Fe₃O₄复合材料的比表面积和磁饱和强度分别为308 m²·g^-1和45.5 emu·g^-1;当罗丹明B的初始浓度从25 mg·L^-1提高到250 mg·L^-1时,复合材料对其饱和吸附量从24.0 mg·g^-1增大到112.4 mg·g^-1,而亚甲基蓝的初始浓度从25 mg·L^-1提高到500 mg·L^-1时,对其饱和吸附量从22.0 mg·g^-1增大到235.1 mg·g^-1;随着溶液pH值增大,复合材料对罗丹明B的饱和吸附量增加,而对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量变化不明显;温度在20~40 ℃范围内复合材料的吸附量较大。     

双层SiO2包覆Fe3O4复合材料的制备及其染料吸附性能

采用改进的Stober法合成了多孔结构的双层SiO₂包覆Fe₃O₄复合材料,利用TEM、XRD、VSM和氮吸附-脱附实验对其结构与性能进行分析,进而研究其对染料的吸附性能。研究结果表明,双层SiO₂包覆Fe₃O₄复合材料的比表面积和磁饱和强度分别为308 m²·g^-1和45.5 emu·g^-1;当罗丹明B的初始浓度从25 mg·L^-1提高到250 mg·L^-1时,复合材料对其饱和吸附量从24.0 mg·g^-1增大到112.4 mg·g^-1,而亚甲基蓝的初始浓度从25 mg·L^-1提高到500 mg·L^-1时,对其饱和吸附量从22.0 mg·g^-1增大到235.1 mg·g^-1;随着溶液pH值增大,复合材料对罗丹明B的饱和吸附量增加,而对亚甲基蓝的饱和吸附量变化不明显;温度在20~40 ℃范围内复合材料的吸附量较大。     

锌镍铝水滑石微球的制备及吸附性能

以Zn（NO₃）₂·6H₂O、Ni（NO₃）₂·6H₂O、Al（NO₃）₃·9H₂O和尿素为原料,采用一步水热法制备分散性良好的三元锌镍铝水滑石（ZnNiAl-LDHs）微球。通过X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶转换红外光谱（FTIR）、场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）、透射电镜（TEM）和氮气吸附-脱附等测试手段对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并比较ZnNiAl-LDHs和ZnAl-LDHs对甲基橙（MO）的吸附性能。结果表明,ZnNiAl-LDHs是由纳米片组成、具有3D结构的微球,粒径为1~2.5 μm,比表面积为156 m²·g^-1,远大于ZnAl-LDHs的比表面积38 m²·g^-1;ZnNiAl-LDHs和ZnAl-LDHs对甲基橙的饱和吸附量分别为329.60和143.47 mg·g^-1,ZnNiAl-LDHs表现出更强的吸附能力,其吸附等温线和吸附动力学分别符合Langmuir等温线模型和准二级动力学模型。     

尖晶石结构MFe2O4(M=Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn)纳米晶粉末的制备和磁性能

采用新型氨基凝胶自燃法成功制备出尖晶石结构MFe₂O₄（M=Ca,Mg,Cu,Zn）纳米晶粉末。对合成粉体样品的物相、形貌和磁性能进行了详细的研究。经能量色散X射线谱分析确定了合成MFe₂O₄粉末的高纯度。系统地研究了所合成的MFe₂O₄纳米晶粉末的磁性能。所有样品的磁滞回线均较窄,表明了它们具有软磁的特征。经测试得出4种铁氧体的饱和磁化强度（M_s）分别为2.1,29.3,24.1和4.2 emu·g^-1;剩余磁化强度（M_r）分别为0.2,2.3,11.4和0.2 emu·g^-1。这4种铁氧体样品的M_r/M_s值均小于0.5。对CaFe₂O₄和MgFe₂O₄两种典型铁氧体的零场冷却和场冷磁性能作了详细的研究。其中CaFe₂O₄样品的磁化强度在75 K以下有不一致的变化趋势,这是由于其发生了磁相变。     

水热法合成球花状二硫化钼及其电化学性能

采用二水钼酸钠（Na₂MoO₄·2H₂O）和硫脲（CS（NH₂）₂）分别作为钼源和硫源,通过水热合成法获得球花状二硫化钼,其较佳的水热条件为：180℃下反应48 h,钼硫原子比为1：4,反应物浓度为0.001 mol·L^-1,在100 mL反应釜中的填充体积为90 mL。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）、对样品的物相和形貌进行了表征,并利用低温氮吸附BET模型测试了样品的比表面积。结果表明,合成的二硫化钼结晶性良好,平均粒径约为1 μm,比表面积约为87 m²·g^-1,分布均匀且无明显团聚。通过循环伏安（CV）曲线、恒电流充放电曲线（GCD）、阻抗谱图（EIS）表征其电化学性能,测试表明：在3 mol·L^-1 KOH水相电解液中,单电极比电容可达130.6 F·g^-1（扫速为5 mV·s^-1）和110.9 F·g^-1（电流密度为0.1 A·g^-1）,界面转移电阻R_ct为0.33 Ω;循环1 000圈后比电容损失为14.7%。说明采用该水热法合成的二硫化钼可以成为超级电容器电极的理想材料。     

一例四核Gd(Ⅲ)簇的结构、磁性、抑菌活性及大的磁热效应

以多齿配体1,3-二（三（羟甲基）甲胺基）丙烷（H₆L）为原料,采用溶剂热法合成了一例有趣的多核Gd（Ⅲ）簇合物1,分子式为[Gd₄（CH₃COO）₆（H₃L）₂]·2CH₃OH。系统地研究了簇1的结构、磁性及抑菌活性。结构分析表明,簇1包含一个蝴蝶形的Gd₄核,且Gd（Ⅲ）离子中心存在2种不同的配位环境。磁性研究表明,簇1中存在反铁磁相互作用,并且表现出显著的低温磁制冷性能（T=2.0 K和ΔH=7.0 T时,-ΔS_m=40.6 J·kg^-1·K^-1）。同时,簇1对5种常见细菌均具有抑菌活性,其中对藤黄微球菌的抑菌效果最好。     

氨基化修饰介孔Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2磁性核壳复合微球的可控制备及吸附性能

以水热法制备的高磁饱和强度Fe₃O₄纳米颗粒为核,正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为前驱体,采用改进的Stöber法,制备介孔SiO₂包覆Fe₃O₄磁性核壳复合微球。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、N₂吸-脱附、FTIR和VSM对制备样品的物相结构、形貌和磁性能进行了测试表征。研究结果表明,制备的复合材料呈球形,粒径分布均一,材料的比表面积和磁饱和强度分别为413 m²·g^-1和68.93 emu·g^-1。研究了TEOS的添加量对复合微球形貌的影响,随着TEOS添加量的增加,SiO₂壳层增厚,复合粒子形貌均匀,饱和磁化强度有所下降,仍具有良好的超顺磁性。在此基础上,通过接枝法在复合微球的表面接枝-NH₂,制备了一种新型磁性纳米吸附剂（Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@mSiO₂-NH₂）,进而研究了其对水中重金属离子Cr（Ⅳ）的吸附性能。通过动力学拟合,Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@mSiO₂-NH₂对Cr（Ⅳ）的吸附过程是准二级动力学模型占主导地位。探究了该材料对Cr（Ⅳ）的吸附过程和吸附机理。结果表明,其吸附机理及吸附容量与Cr（Ⅳ）的离子形态及-NH₂有关,并通过吸附剂与吸附质之间的电子共用或静电吸附实现。     

维铜基配位聚合物的合成、结构和离子对其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响

配位聚合物通常具有较大的比表面积和结构容易调控的特点,能有效地吸附去除水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。以4,4''-联吡啶（bipy）、1,3-间苯二乙腈（1,3-dab）、Cu （ClO₄）₂·6H₂O为原料,通过水热合成的方法成功合成了二维铜基配位聚合物：{[Cu （bipy）₄（1,3-dab）][Cu （bipy）₂（ClO₄）₂]（ClO₄）₂·（1,3-dab）}_n （1）。利用红外、X射线单晶衍射、元素分析、X射线光电子能谱等表征方法对1的结构进行测试分析。结果表明,1属于正交晶系P222₁空间群,a=1.115 52（5） nm,b=1.116 66（4） nm,c=3.116 84（15） nm,V=3.882 5（3） nm³。吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的性能研究表明,吸附剂1的最佳投料浓度为0.04 g·L^-1;在pH=3~9的范围内均具有较好的吸附性能和pH适应性,并且在pH=5时吸附性能最好,吸附容量能达到250 mg·g^-1。离子共存实验表明离子浓度越大、价态越高,它们对1吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响就越明显,并且阴离子的抑制作用高于金属阳离子,作用大小顺序： PO₄^3->SO₄^2->CO₃^2->Cl^->HCO₃^->NO₃^-。     

有机磁合成化学研究进展

通过磁场对聚合反应、酯化反应、光还原反应和不对称合成等的影响，论述了有机磁化学的理论研究和应用进展。磁场在一定程度上影响有机反应的反应速率、产率、反应途径和产物构成。同时初步探讨了磁场影响化学反应速率的机理，并展望了磁化学的发展前景。     

Magnetic nano- and microparticles in biotechnology

Both synthetic and biologically produced magnetic nano- and microparticles exhibit several types of responses to external magnetic field which have been already employed in various areas of biosciences, biotechnology, medicine, environmental technology, etc. This short review shows selected important biotechnological applications of magnetic particles, and the biological processes leading to biogenic magnetic particles formation. Presented at the 1st Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Meeting, Nano Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, 1–4 September 2008.     

Magnetic resonance in Cu(hfac)2LR heterospin chain polymer complexes

Cu(hfac)₂ chain polymer heterospin complexes with pyrazole-substituted nitronylnitroxides (L^R, where R = Me, Et) with a composition Cu(hfac)₂L^R, exhibiting structural rearrangements with magnetic effects in the solid state at reduced temperatures, were studied by magnetic resonance. The magnetic resonance spectrum changes substantially for substituents of different types. The results of this study are discussed in the context of the cluster approach in view of the specific crystal structure of the compounds.     

Physical Properties of Elongated Magnetic Particles: Magnetization and Friction Coefficient Anisotropies

Anisotropy counts: A brief review of the main physical properties of elongated magnetic particles (EMPs) is presented. The most important characteristic of an EMP is the additional contribution of shape anisotropy to the total anisotropy energy of the particle, when compared to spherical magnetic particles. The electron micrograph shows Ni‐ferrite microrods fabricated by the authors.

     

Floating Diamonds with Nanomagnetic Particles

In the diamond industry, ferrofluids are used in ferrohydrostatic separators for the density separation of diamonds from gangue material. The size of the magnetic core of the coated particles forming the ferrofluid suspension is vital in ensuring the stability of the fluid. The particle size must be small enough such that sedimentation does not occur in a magnetic field gradient and under the influence of a gravitational field and such that magnetic agglomeration can be overcome. This paper discusses the particle size requirements for fluid stability under the influence of these effects.     

A Novel Approach to Magnetic Nanoadsorbents with High Binding Capacity for Bovine Serum Albumin

Magnetic nanoadsorbents using Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as cores and poly(methyl acrylic acid) (PMAA) as ionic exchange groups were prepared through our novel approach. Two steps were involved in this approach: the first was to functionalize the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with methacrylate double bonds via the combination of ligand exchange and condensation of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane(MPS); the second was to graft PMAA chains onto the surface of MNPs through radical polymerization. The success of the various surface functionalization steps was ascertained using FTIR and XPS. The as‐synthesized PMAA‐coated MNPs were effective in binding bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a high capacity of 1 300 mg · g⁻¹.

     

Polarized Neutron Diffraction as a Tool for Mapping Molecular Magnetic Anisotropy: Local Susceptibility Tensors in CoII Complexes

Polarized neutron diffraction (PND) experiments were carried out at low temperature to characterize with high precision the local magnetic anisotropy in two paramagnetic high‐spin cobalt(II) complexes, namely [Co^II(dmf)₆](BPh₄)₂ ( 1 ) and [Co^II₂(sym‐hmp)₂](BPh₄)₂ ( 2 ), in which dmf=N,N‐dimethylformamide; sym‐hmp=2,6‐bis[(2‐hydroxyethyl)methylaminomethyl]‐4‐methylphenolate, and BPh₄^?=tetraphenylborate. This allowed a unique and direct determination of the local magnetic susceptibility tensor on each individual Co^II site. In compound 1 , this approach reveals the correlation between the single‐ion easy magnetization direction and a trigonal elongation axis of the Co^II coordination octahedron. In exchange‐coupled dimer 2 , the determination of the individual Co^II magnetic susceptibility tensors provides a clear outlook of how the local magnetic properties on both Co^II sites deviate from the single‐ion behavior because of antiferromagnetic exchange coupling.     

双层表面活性剂分散制备水基磁流体

Fe₃O₄ magnetic particles were synthesize by chemical co-precipitation. Sodium oleate and poly(ethylene glycol)-4000 were used as bilayer surfactants to envelope the ultra-fine Fe₃O₄ particles. Then stabilized water base magnetic fluid was obtained. Experiments indicated that surfactants and pH value of the solution had great effect on the stability and size of the magnetic fluid when Fe₃O₄ particles were synthesized and enveloped. It was the first time to employ this method to prepare magnetic fluid. Using laser diffraction particle size analyzer we found that the average diameter of magnetic fluid was lessen than 84 nanometer. Its magnetization was measured on magnetic balance and the result amounted to 3.84×10³A·m^-1. Further more， XRD and IR analysis measurements were employed to substantiate the existence of Fe₃O₄ and surfactant structure. The magnetic fluid can be used as tar-geted-part of nanometer targeted drug delivery system.     

Microbial Cells with a Fe3O4 Doped Hydrogel Extracellular Matrix: Manipulation of Living Cells by Magnetic Stimulus

This study aims to develop an effective method to control motile microorganisms and enable their manipulation as functional ‘live micro/nano robots'. A novel strategy based on Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle‐doped alginate hydrogel is developed to fashion an artificial extracellular matrix (ECM) for microbial cells (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Flavobacterium heparinum). During this strategy, a single layer of alginate hydrogel is coated around the microbial cells doped with Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles to form the alg‐mag‐cells. Transmission electron microscopy shows that Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the hydrogel shell. Together with maintaining the cell activity and metabolism, the hydrogel coated microbial cells demonstrate high magnetic responsiveness in an external magnetic field and are able to form micro‐scaled patterns using the magnetic template designed in this study. This strategy provides a building block to fabricate advanced biological models, medical therapeutic products, and non‐medical biological systems using different microorganisms.

     

Effect of uniaxial strain on a molecule-based ferrimagnet with crystal chirality

Bimetallic ferrimagnet [Cr(CN)₆][Mn(R)-pnH(H₂O)]H₂O with crystallographical chirality of space group P2₁2₁2₁ exhibits a giant third-order harmonic susceptibility at around 38 K. This anomaly appears as precursory magnetic phenomenon of the magnetic ordering. In order to investigate the effect of lattice distortion on this giant nonlinear magnetic response (NLMR) and finally elucidate the correlation between the structural chirality and the giant NLMR, we performed the ac susceptibility measurement for the single crystal in the situation of bringing about lattice distortion along the direction parallel to the a-axis. This giant NLMR was drastically suppressed even by slight strain, whereas the traces could be confirmed in the region up to 3.7 kbar. We conclude that the appearance of the giant NLMR requires crystal chirality well-regulated over the crystal.