镍促进电化学还原交叉偶联合成偕二氟烯烃（英文）

偕二氟烯烃是一类重要的含氟有机化合物,在有机合成化学和药物化学研究领域展现出独特的结构优势.例如,偕二氟烯基可以便利地转化为单氟烯基、二氟烷基、三氟甲基以及其他多种含氟结构.偕二氟烯基结构作为羰基理想的电子等排体在药物设计研究中也有广泛的应用.报道了一种镍促进的电化学还原交叉偶联反应合成功能化的偕二氟烯烃.该反应在非分隔电解槽中进行,在温和的电化学还原条件下,实现了三氟甲基烯烃烯丙基脱氟、氧化还原活性羧酸酯脱羧或者烷基卤化物脱卤素的有机结合.反应可有效避免使用化学计量的金属粉末或有机还原剂.该反应为含偕二氟烯基功能结构的生物活性分子提供了有效的合成途径.     

基于二氟卡宾转化的芳基和烯基碘化物的三氟甲硫基化

二氟卡宾在有机氟化物的合成中发挥了重要作用.之前的发现,二氟卡宾能与硫单质反应产生硫代氟光气,这对二氟卡宾化学的新发现以及硫代氟光气的应用研究都具有重要价值.利用这一路径已经实现了端基炔烃和烷基卤化物的三氟甲硫基化.在此,继续深入研究这一路径在合成上的应用,并实现了芳基和烯基碘化物的三氟甲硫基化.三氟甲硫基化是有机氟化学的一个重要研究方向,常用方法一般需要使用含CF₃S基团的昂贵试剂.在该方法中, CF₃S基团是由二氟卡宾、硫单质和氟离子现场产生的,所用试剂都廉价易得.     

银催化羧化偶联反应及钌催化交叉复分解反应串联合成官能团炔酸酯

通过将Ag催化的羧化偶联反应与Ru催化的交叉复分解反应串联, 用端炔、二氧化碳、端烯基取代的溴代物和甲基丙烯酸甲酯高效高产率地合成了一系列官能团化的炔酸酯.     

二氟甲基杂芳基砜作为二氟烷基化试剂的应用研究进展（英文）

氟原子以及C—F键的独特性使得二氟亚甲基具有特殊的性质,作为氧原子或羰基的生物电子等排体,其在医药、农药与材料中起着有别于其他氟烷基的重要作用.以二氟甲基2-吡啶基砜(胡试剂)为代表的二氟甲基杂芳基砜,是近几年开发的新型二氟烷基化试剂,因其具有易制备、官能团耐受性良好及对多种羰基化合物具有普遍适用性等优点而广受合成化学工作者的关注.该类含氟试剂主要通过亲核取代反应、亲核加成反应、Julia-Kocienski烯化反应和自由基介导的双官能团化等反应,将二氟甲基、二氟亚甲基、二氟烯基及其他二氟烷基引入醛、酮和杂环化合物的结构中.首次从反应类型及其应用研究的角度综述了近十年来各种二氟甲基杂芳基砜参与的含氟有机化合物的合成研究.     

铜催化苯甲酰亚胺高烯丙酯的分子内胺化全氟烷基化反应

报道了铜催化苯甲酰亚胺高烯丙酯底物的分子内胺化全氟烷基化反应. 该反应以全氟碘代烷为全氟烷基化试剂, 醋酸铜为催化剂, 邻菲啰啉为配体, 在醋酸银存在下以中等的收率实现苯甲酰亚胺高烯丙酯底物末端双键的胺化全氟烷基化, 最终生成1,3-噁嗪类分子. 多种官能团取代的苯甲酰亚胺高烯丙酯和具有不同碳链长度的全氟碘代烷烃都能适用于该反应, 为多氟烷基取代的1,3-噁嗪类化合物的合成提供了一种简洁的方法. 多氟烷基取代的1,3-噁嗪类化合物还可在温和条件下高效转化为γ氨基醇衍生物. 初步的机理研究证明该反应经历了全氟烷基自由基对碳碳双键的亲电加成, 之后苯甲酰亚胺基团作为分子内亲核性胺源经历分子内亲核取代途径生成1,3-噁嗪骨架.     

3-(三氟甲基)吡唑类化合物的合成

探索了三氟甲基溴代腙与炔酮、炔酯和炔酰胺的[3+2]环加成反应,以中等至优异的产率得到了一系列3-(三氟甲基)吡唑类化合物.该方法具有区域选择性高、官能团兼容性强、操作简单和反应条件温和等特点,为合成3-(三氟甲基)吡唑类化合物提供了一种高效的新方法.     

固相研磨合成4,4''''-联吡啶季铵盐

采用室温固相研磨的方法,4,4'-联吡啶与连有阻塞基的乙氧乙醇磺酸酯(或苄溴)反应,得到单取代的4,4'-联吡啶六氟磷酸盐(2),2再与α,α'-二(溴甲基)-2,2'-联吡啶反应,得到哑铃型化合物--2,2'-联吡啶桥连的双-4,4'-联吡啶六氟磷酸盐(3),收率约90%.2和3的结构经1H NMR, 13C NMR和MS表征.     

基于氟烷基自由基过程构建手性中心的研究进展

含氟的有机化合物被广泛地应用于制药、农业化学品、材料科学等多个领域.三氟甲基、二氟甲基、全氟烷基等是应用非常广泛的含氟官能团,因此发展普适高效的引入氟烷基的新方法具有重大意义.氟烷基自由基反应近年来已经发展成为引入氟烷基的有效方法.另一方面,氟烷基取代的手性有机分子的合成也受到了人们的重点关注.然而由于氟烷基自由基的高反应活性,其反应的选择性较难控制,特别是关于对映选择性控制的报道不多,更缺乏相关综述予以总结.综述了近二十年来基于氟烷基自由基过程的不对称合成方法的研究进展,对各反应的选择性、普适性、反应机理等方面进行着重介绍.本综述根据反应机理分为三部分:(1)经由氟烷基自由基的烯醇/烯胺中间体不对称氟烷基化;(2)经由氟烷基自由基的烯烃不对称双官能团化;(3)经由氟烷基自由基的烯基硼酸酯酸根型复合物立体选择性1,2-迁移.     

新的二苯并环状溴鎓盐的合成及性质研究

以4,4'-二取代联苯(或4,4'-二取代二苯甲烷)为原料合成了几种新的3,7-二取代二苯并环状溴(鎓)盐.对几种溴(鎓)盐与KBH₄及与NaN₃的反应进行了研究.结果表明,前一反应主产物为2-溴-4,4'-二取代联苯(或2-溴-4,4'-二取代二苯甲烷),后一反应的主产物为2-叠氮基-2'-溴-4,4'-二取代联苯(20a-20d).通过20a-20d的热反应合成几种新的多取代咔唑(21a-21d).     

钯催化下杂芳基溴代物与偕二氟烯丙基硼试剂的交叉偶联反应

使用二叔丁基苯基膦预配位的氯化钯(P(t-Bu)₂Ph)₂·PdCl₂为催化剂,实现了钯催化下偕二氟烯丙基硼试剂与杂芳基溴代物的偶联反应.该方法不仅体系简单,反应效率高,区域选择性优秀,可以克量级制备产物,而且具有良好的官能团兼容性,适用于一系列不同类型的杂环底物,为合成偕二氟烯丙基杂芳烃化合物提供了一种高效方法.     

Study on the sulfinatodehalogenation of BrCF_2CF_2R

Sodium dithionite initiated sulfinatodehalogenation of BrCF2CF2R is studied.     

Preparation and characterization of acrylates and polyacrylates having variable fluorine contents and distributions

Five acrylic esters having different fluorine contents and distributions in their side-groups (i.e., CH₂=CHC(O)OR, where R = ? C(CH₃)₂C₆F₄H, ? C(CH₃)₂C₆F₅, ? C(CF₃)₂C₆F₅, ? C(CF₃)₂C₆H₅, and ? C(CH₃)₂C₆H₅) have been prepared from the reactions of the lithium salts of their corresponding alcohols with acryloyl chloride. These monomers are polymerized under identical conditions by the radical initiator AIBN and five polyacrylates were prepared having the structure of ? [ ? CH₂CHC(O)OR? ]_n? . These addition polymers were compared and fully characterized by GPC, VPO, DSC, TGA, NMR, IR, and UV-visible spectroscopies, and they showed potential for practical applications. Significant differences in their thermal stabilities were found with respect to fluorine contents and distributions in these polyacrylates, and the highest stability arises from CF₃ substitutions in the side-chains of the polymers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis and properties of novel fluorinated polyurethane based on fluorinated gemini diol

In the current study, the novel fluorinated polyurethanes (FPUs) that contained the gemini branched fluoroether side groups on the hard segments were developed. In brief, to obtain these FPUs, a new class of fluorinated gemini diol with double‐branched fluoroether side groups was first synthesized and characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry. Subsequently, a series of FPUs were designed and prepared by using hexamethylene diisocyanate, poly (tetramethylene oxide glycol), 1,4‐butanediol, and fluorinated gemini diol. Analysis of the FPUs' surface properties from contact angle analysis indicated that the water contact angle increased from 81° to more than 120° when the content of fluorinated gemini diol was increased. Differential scanning calorimetry results revealed that introduction of fluorinated gemini dio decreased the T_g of FPUs, causing a better phase separation. Results from thermogravimetric analysis studies indicated the thermal stability of FPUs was improved. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy revealed that fluoroether groups migrate to and enrich on the outmost surface of FPUs.     

Synthesis of highly fluorinated fatty acid esters of glycerol:glycerol tripalmitate-F39

Glycerol tripalmitate-F₃₉ has been prepared from glycerol and the acid chloride of R_F-palmitic acid-F₁₃ via a solid phase aluminum oxide catalyzed reaction. The product has been characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry and ¹H, ¹⁹F and ¹³C NMR methods.A second, less efficient synthesis is reported in which a chain elongation strategy is employed after reaction of glycerol with the acid chloride of 9-decenoic acid.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel fluorinated polyurethane elastomers based on 2,2‐bis[4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromehyloxyphenyl) phenyl]propane

2,2‐Bis[4‐(4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromehyloxyphenyl) phenyl]propane (BAFPP) was synthesized based on 2‐chlorobenzotrifluoride and bisphenol A and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. BAFPP was used as a chain extender to prepare a series of fluorine‐containing polyurethane elastomers (FPUEs) with different fluorine contents by changing the soft segments and isocyanate index (R). The FPUEs were investigated by water absorption, contact angle, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and microscale combustion calorimetry. The results show that the FPUEs prepared from BAFPP were elastomers that have low surface tension, low water absorption, and good thermal stability. Furthermore, FPUEs also exhibit good flame resistance, and the peak heat release rate of FPUE based on BAFPP (282.9 W/g) is much lower than that of polyurethane elastomer without the F element (537.2 W/g). Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Michael Addition Reaction of Fluorinated Nitro Compounds

The Michael addition reactions of fluorinated nitro compounds with electron deficient olefins to give γ‐fluoro‐γ‐nitro‐esters, nitriles and ketones which bear a fluorinated quaternary carbon center were reported. The reactions were promoted by TMG, affording the desired adducts in acceptable to good yields.     

Monoamination of internal fluoroolefins

Perfluoro-2-methyl-2-pentene and perfluoro-1-methylcyclopentene react with ammonia or aniline under controlled conditions to give monoamination products.Deceased in 1994.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1678–1679, September, 1994.     

Fluorinated Copolymer-Oxide Hybrids

A fluorinated copolymer/metal oxide hybrid is fabricated by refluxing a high hydroxyl content fluorinated copolymer with tetraethoxysilane. The resulting organic-inorganic hybrids are transparent throughout the entire compositional range if processed with HCl as a catalyst. They exhibit a continuous variation in hardness, hydrophobicity, and abrasion resistance, intermediary between the properties of the pure polymer and that of a silica gel. The catalyst has a strong influence over the microstructure of the hybrid. ²⁹Si MAS-NMR indicates the presence of highly condensed silica clusters within the structure of the hybrid. If a Nd(III) alkoxide is used instead of TEOS, a Nd ³⁺-doped fluoropolymer is obtained. These results indicate that when a fluorinated copolymer contains groups amenable to hydrolysis and condensation, cross-linking with a metal alkoxide is possible, leading to an interesting families of hybrids.     

The relationship between properties of fluorinated graphite intercalates and matrix composition

Inclusion compounds: intercalates of fluorinated graphite matrix with acetonitrile (C₂F_xBr_z·yCH₃CN, x=0.92, 0.87, 0.69 and 0.49, z≈0.01) were synthesized. The kinetics of the thermal decomposition (the 1^st stage of filling→the 2^nd stage of filling) was studied under isothermal conditions. The relationship between intercalates properties and composition and structure of the matrix is discussed. The online version of the original article can be found at     

F magnetic resonance imaging using vesicles of sucrose octaoleate-F104

A spin-echo technique is employed to produce high quality in vitro¹⁹F magnetic resonance images using vesicles of a highly fluorinated sucrose octaester. The results hold promise for in vivo imaging of the gastrointestinal tract.