谷胱甘肽键合柱对变性核糖核酸酶的复性研究

将氧化还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH/GSSG)共价键合到色谱固定相上, 实现了对变性核糖核酸酶(RNase)的复性. 实验发现, 谷胱甘肽键合柱具有典型的弱阳离子交换性质, 在离子交换(IEC)模式下能够对4种标准蛋白进行基线分离, 且具有较高的柱效. 当蛋白浓度为5 mg/mL, 流速为0.2 mL/min时, 在流动相中不加GSH/GSSG的条件下, GSH/GSSG柱对变性核糖核酸酶的活性回收率可达(39.5±3.8)%, 而普通IEC柱对变性核糖核酸酶的活性回收率几乎为0, 说明其对变性蛋白二硫键的正确对接具有明显的促进作用; 在收集液中加入GSH/GSSG后, 其活性回收率可达到(81.5±4.3)%. 本文结果对蛋白折叠液相色谱法的发展及降低蛋白复性成本具有一定的应用价值.     

高效疏水相互作用色谱法复性与同时纯化重组人Flt3配体的包涵体蛋白质

Flt3配体(FL)是一类具有促进早期造血功能的细胞因子,在促进造血细胞生长发育及造血动员方面具有重要的临床应用价值。为了用基因工程方法获得大量用于临床和研究的重组人FL(rhFL)蛋白质,本文对在大肠杆菌(E. coli)中表达得到的Flt3配体的包涵体进行回收、洗涤,溶解于8 mol/L脲后在高效疏水相互作用色谱(HPHIC)柱上进行rhFL包涵体的复性与同时纯化,并对其保留特征和复性规律进行了研究。结果表明,在连续进样、变性蛋白质质量浓度为8.51 g/L、固定相选用端基为PEG800、流动相添加4 mol/L脲、1.8 mmol/L 还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和0.3 mmol/L氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSH)、pH 7.0的优化条件下,复性与同时纯化rhFL包涵体的质量回收率为36.9%,纯度达94.5%以上。本文仅用一步HPHIC法成功地复性与同时纯化了rhFL蛋白质,为获得高活性的rhFL产品奠定了一定的工作基础。     

高效弱阳离子交换色谱法对脲还原变性溶菌酶的折叠研究

用高效弱阳离子交换色谱(HPWCX)对脲还原变性溶菌酶(Lys)进行了复性研究. 在流动相中脲浓度固定为4.0 mol•L^－1和选用对天然态蛋白有稳定作用的硫酸铵为盐或置换剂时, 在蛋白浓度为15.0～50.0 mg•mL^－1时, HPWCX法比稀释法活性回收率高. 为了提高Lys的质量及活性回收率对所用色谱条件进行了优化研究, 当蛋白起始浓度为20.0 mg•mL^－1时, Lys的质量回收率和活性收率分别为97.8%和95.4%. 表明此种方法简便且有可能对其他还原变性蛋白的复性具有通用性.     

蛋白折叠液相色谱法中流动相对重组人干扰素-γ质量回收率的影响

蛋白折叠液相色谱法(PFLC)用于变性蛋白质复性并同时纯化时对流动相组成及其洗脱条件的要求远较通常的液相色谱法高。用端基为PEG-200的高效疏水作用色谱固定相对重组人干扰素-γ(rhIFN-γ)进行纯化并同时复性,详细研究了流动相组成、梯度洗脱模式和流速对rhIFN-γ质量回收率和活性的影响。分别以3.0 mol/L (NH4)2SO4 +0.05 mol/L KH2PO4(pH 7.0)和0.05 mol/L KH2PO4(pH 7.0)为流动相A和B,采用35 min非线性梯度洗脱时,所得rhIFN-γ的质量回收率最高。     

用疏水色谱对还原型胍变性牛胰岛素的折叠特性研究

用疏水相互色谱(HPHIC)对还原胍变性牛胰岛素在疏水界面上的折叠与复性进行了研究.结果表明,采用普通流动相时,对还原胍变胰岛素的复性效果较差,而采用氧化型流动相可使其复性效率提高到66%,并用反相色谱(RPLC)、紫外吸收光谱、荧光光谱及MALDI-TOF对其复性效果进行了验证.同时与体积排阻色谱(SEC)和稀释法对还原胍变胰岛素的复性结果进行了比较.结果表明,SEC根本无法使还原胍变胰岛素复性,而稀释法的复性效率仅有2%.这进一步表明HPHIC是变性蛋白复性的有效工具,变性蛋白在疏水界面折叠过程中,蛋白质与固定相之间的疏水相互作用对蛋白折叠起着关键性的作用,是蛋白折叠的主要驱动力.     

高效疏水作用色谱法对还原变性溶菌酶的折叠研究

首次用高效疏水相互作用色谱(HPHIC)研究了还原变性溶菌酶(Lys)的复性。对还原变性Lys在3种疏水性不同的色谱柱上的复性情况进行了考察,发现还原变性Lys在疏水性最弱的XDM-GM1型色谱柱上的复性效率最高,当Lys质量浓度为2.0 g/L时,其复性效率可达到94.6%。     

使用疏水作用色谱研究蛋白质的构象变化

研究了高效疏水作用液相色谱中(HIC)色谱条件改变对蛋白质构象的影响。发现固定相配体的疏水性、温度及流动相中盐的阴离子、阳离子和pH值都影响蛋白质的构象。     

氧化型谷胱甘肽对还原型谷胱甘肽清除自由基的协同作用

利用分光光度法和基质辅助飞行质谱法研究了谷胱甘肽对1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基(DPPH)自由基的清除作用.通过比较不同浓度和不同配比的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)和氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)以及Na2SeO3混合溶液的自由基清除率,发现GSH/GSSG的配比对自由基清除率有明显影响.当GSH/GSSG的配比大于50∶ 1时,自由基清除率比同浓度的GSH大,且自由基清除率随GSH和GSSG的绝对浓度的增加而明显增加,说明适量的GSSG可协同催化GSH清除自由基过程.质谱测定结果表明: 此协同作用与GSSG 参与自由基清除过程中的自由基反应有关.Na2SeO3对GSH的清除自由基的影响主要是通过与GSH反应生成GSSG来调控GSH/GSSG配比的结果.通过测定和分析一定配比的GSH+GSSG混合溶液与DPPH作用前后的质谱图,提出了少量的GSSG共存下,GSH催化清除DPPH自由基的作用机理.     

毛细管区带电泳检测糖尿病肾病变患者血液内红细胞中的谷胱甘肽

采用高效毛细管区带电泳法对糖尿病肾病变患者血液内红细胞中参与氧化应激的氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)进行了测定。对影响分离的条件(缓冲液pH、缓冲液浓度、分离电压和毛细管温度)进行了优化,使用非涂层的毛细管(21 cm×75 μm i.d.)和20 mmol/L pH 6.86的磷酸缓冲液,在25 kV,30 ℃和200 nm条件下,可在3 min内同时对血红细胞中GSSG和GSH定量分析。方法具有良好的重现性(迁移时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差均小于2.0%)、较高的灵敏度(GSH:     

采用不同疏水相互作用色谱柱从包涵体中快速制备重组人干细胞因子

为了提高重组人干细胞因子(rhSCF)的复性效率,改进了高效疏水相互作用色谱(HPHIC)纯化和复性rhSCF的方法。首先将目标蛋白溶解于8.0 mol/L脲中,然后将rhSCF包涵体的提取液直接进样到不同规格的HPHIC柱进行纯化和复性。优化了固定相配基结构和流动相组成等实验条件,结果表明,本方法可以快速地获得高质量回收率和高生物活性的rhSCF,rhSCF在40 min内即可完成复性与纯化,目标蛋白的纯度在95.5%以上,质量回收率高于49.6%。通过体积排阻色谱和基质辅助激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)的分析,确认rhSCF以单体存在。结果进一步证明HPHIC法是同时复性和纯化重组蛋白的有效工具。     

Studies on the refolding of the reduced-denatured insulin with size exclusion chromatography

The refolding of the reduced-denatured insulin from bovine pancreas was investigated with the size exclusion chromatography (SEC). It was shown that the reduced-denatured insulin originally denatured with 7.0 mol·L-1 guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCI) or 8.0 mol·L-1 urea could not be refolded with a non-oxidized mobile phase. Although the oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG and GSH) were employed in the oxidized mobile phase, the reduced-denatured insulin still could not be renatured. However, in the presence of 2.0 mol·L-1 urea in the oxidized mobile phase employed, the reduced-denatured insulin can be refolded with SEC, and the aggregation of denatured insulin can be diminished by urea. In addition, the disul-fide exchange of reduced-denatured insulin also can be accelerated with GSSG/GSH in the oxidized mobile phase. The three disulfide bridges of insulin were formed correctly and the reduced-unfolded insulin can be renatured completely. The results were further tested with re-versed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC).     

Studies on the refolding of the reduced-denatured insulin with size exclusion chromatography

The refolding of the reduced-denatured insulin from bovine pancreas was investigated with the size exclusion chromatography (SEC). It was shown that the reduced-denatured insulin originally denatured with 7.0 mol L^?1 guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCI) or 8.0 mol L^?1 urea could not be refolded with a non-oxidized mobile phase. Although the oxidized and reduced glutathione (GSSG and GSH) were employed in the oxidized mobile phase, the reduced-denatured insulin still could not be renatured. However, in the presence of 2.0 mol L^t-1 urea in the oxidized mobile phase employed, the reduced-denatured insulin can be refolded with SEC, and the aggregation of denatured insulin can be diminished by urea. In addition, the disulfide exchange of reduced-denatured insulin also can be accelerated with GSSG/GSH in the oxidized mobile phase. The three disulfide bridges of insulin were formed correctly and the reduced-unfolded insulin can be renatured completely. The results were further tested with reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC).     

Refolding of reduced/denatured bovine pancreatic insulin with ion-exchange chromatography coupled with MALDI-TOF MS

The refolding of the reduced/denatured insulin from bovine pancreas as the model protein was investigated with weak anion exchange chromatography(WAX) coupled with MALDI-TOF MS.The results indicated that the disulfide bonds almost cannot be formed correctly with the common mobile phase by WAX.However,with the urea gradient elution and in the presence of GSSG/ Cyst as the ratio 1:6 in the mobile phase employed,the disulfide exchange of reduced/denatured insulin can be accelerated resulting in forming the ...     

Preparation of a silica‐based high‐performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography stationary phase for protein separation and renaturation

In this work, based on the structural characteristics of bio‐membrane molecules, a novel type of high‐performance hydrophobic interaction chromatography stationary phase was prepared using cholesterol as a ligand. Investigating the separation performance of this stationary phase, the effect of pH and salt concentration of the mobile phase on the retention time, the absorption capacity, and the hydrophobic ability revealed that this stationary phase had a high loading capacity and moderate hydrophobic interactions compared with four different hydrophobic interaction chromatography stationary phase ligands. Five types of standard proteins could be baseline separated with a great selection for protein separation. When 3.0 M urea was added to the mobile phase, it could be refolded with simultaneous purification of denatured lysozyme by one‐step chromatography. The mass recovery of lysozyme reached 89.5%, and the active recovery was 96.8%. Compared with traditional hydrophobic interaction chromatography, this new stationary phase has a good hydrophobic ability and a significant refolding efficiency.     

Renaturation with simultaneous purification of rhG-CSF from Escherichia coli by ion exchange chromatography

Protein refolding is a key step for the production of recombinant proteins, especially at large scales, and usually their yields are very low. Application of liquid chromatography to protein refolding is an exciting step forward for this field. In this work, recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) expressed in Escherichia coli was renatured with simultaneous purification by ion exchange chromatography (IEC) with a Q Sepharose FF column. Several chromatographic parameters affecting the refolding yield of the denatured/reduced rhG-CSF, such as the urea concentration, pH value, concentration and ratio of reduced/oxidized glutathione in the mobile phase, as well as the flow rate of the mobile phase, were investigated in detail and indicated that the urea concentration and the pH value were of great importance. At the optimal conditions, the renatured and purified rhG-CSF was found to have a specific bioactivity of 3.0 x 10(8) IU/mg, a purity of 96%, and a mass recovery of 49%. Compared with the usual dilution method, the IEC method developed here is more effective for rhG-CSF refolding in terms of specific bioactivity and mass recovery.