FeCl3/共轭聚席夫碱复合材料的制备及介电性能

由戊二醛和对苯二胺通过缩合反应合成席夫碱聚合物,并将其与三聚氰胺交联构筑立体网状结构,再与氯化铁配位形成具有"海胆状"结构的FeCl_3/席夫碱复合材料,利用傅里叶红外光谱和扫描电镜对其进行表征。通过对比Fe~(3+)掺杂量分别为0.02、0.03、0.04 mol时复合材料半年前后的电导率、介电常数实部与虚部、介电损耗角正切值和科尔-科尔半圆的改变,发现静置后复合材料介电参数均大幅增长,介电弛豫从无到有,并且在刚合成时其介电常数虚部在3.664×10~6~1.000×10~7 Hz为负值,但经过静置后却转变为正值。其中,静置半年后,Fe~(3+)掺杂量为0.04 mol的席夫碱铁盐聚合物在102 Hz处的介电损耗角正切从0.02升至6.13,电导率从7.15×10~(-7)S·cm~(-1)升至2.19×10~(-5)S·cm~(-1),介电常数实部与虚部也大幅增加,介电损耗机理为二重介电驰豫。     

BiVO4的添加对Nd0.2Ce0.8O1.9电解质微观结构和性能的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法制备BiVO₄（BV）和Nd_0.2Ce_0.8O_1.9（NDC）粉末,研究BV的加入对NDC电解质结构、形貌及电性能的影响。实验结果表明,NDC-5BV电解质的微观结构更致密,700℃时总电导率（σ_t）提高至3.35×10^-2 S·cm^-1,极化电阻（R_p）降低34%以上。单电池在700℃时的最大功率密度（MPD）为514 mW·cm^-2,开路电压（OCV）在70 h内可以保持良好的长期稳定性。     

新型Li4Ti5O12@石墨烯的微波辅助合成及电化学性能研究

将钛酸四丁酯和氧化石墨超声分散于叔丁醇,微波辐射下加入醋酸锂溶液制备尖晶石Li₄Ti₅O₁₂（LTO）前驱体/氧化石墨烯。一方面,微波作用促进了钛酸四丁酯水解,前驱体的形成能在15min内完成。另一方面,叔丁醇的“软模板”限域作用导致形成粒子极小且形貌单一的LTO前驱体。同时,细小的LTO前驱体粒子通过二次团聚将氧化石墨烯纳米片完全包埋。最后,LTO前驱体/氧化石墨烯在800℃下煅烧8h得到尖晶石LTO@石墨烯（LTO@G）。研究表明,LTO@G晶体尺寸在0.2~1.5μm之间,其振实密度达到1.7g·cm^-3。石墨烯位于晶体内部,并显著提高了材料的电子传导性。LTO@G的电导率为1.84×10^-3S·m^-1,远高于纯相LTO（1.1×10^-7S·m^-1）。1C和4C下,LTO@G首次充放电容量分别是170.1和97.5mAh·g^-1。可见,LTO@G具有高倍率性能和振实密度,可广泛应用于各种商品锂离子电池。     

氮掺杂有序介孔碳-Ni纳米复合材料的制备及电化学性能

以F₁₂₇为模板剂,NiCl₂为镍源,尿素为氮源,间苯二酚甲醛原位聚合树脂为碳源,分别采用均相法和两相法制备Ni-N-OMC-1,Ni-N-OMC-2纳米复合材料.X射线衍射(XRD)、激光拉曼以及透射电子显微镜(TEM)等测试结果表明,复合材料具有有序介孔结构,Ni以金属微粒形式嵌于碳骨架中,提高了有序介孔碳的石墨化程度.X射线光电子能谱测试(XPS)表明尿素热解后以4种形式存在:sp³杂化与C结合的N原子,吡啶N原子,sp²杂化与C结合的N原子以及quaternary-N原子.Ni-N的共改性改变了碳载体的理化性质,有利于Pt纳米粒子的负载与分散.均相法制备的Ni-N-OMC-1复合材料微波负载Pt后,氧还原极限电流密度为5.32mA·cm^-2,氢氧化电化学活性面积高达138.53m²·g^-1,电化学催化活性优于商业20%Pt/C材料(4.49mA·cm^-2,96.98m²·g^-1).     

氮化钨-钨/掺氮有序介孔碳复合材料的制备及其氧还原性能

采用软模板法制备了氮化钨-钨/掺氮有序介孔碳复合材料（WN-W/NOMC）,作为一种高比表面积且价格低廉的阴极氧还原反应催化剂。通过适量添加尿素来改变复合材料中的氮含量,在掺氮量为7%（w/w）时,实验发现材料能够保持完整有序介孔结构,测试其比表面积高达835 m²·g^-1,透射电子显微镜（TEM）测试结果显示其催化颗粒均匀地分散在氮掺杂有序介孔碳载体上。在O₂饱和的0.1 mol·L^-1 KOH溶液中测试了材料的氧还原催化性能（ORR）,显示其起始电位为0.87 V（vs RHE）,极限电流密度为4.49 mA·cm^-2,氧还原反应的转移电子数为3.4,接近于20%（w/w）商业Pt/C的3.8,说明该材料表现出近似4电子的氧还原反应途径。研究结果表明,WN-W/NOMC的催化性能虽然稍弱于商业铂碳（0.99 V,5.1 mA·cm^-2）,但其具有远超铂碳的循环稳定性和耐甲醇毒化能力。     

自组装的四(4-N,N-二乙胺基苯基)卟啉/多酸(钠)有机/无机复合薄膜及其气敏性质

选择Keggin型12-磷钨酸（TPA）及其钠盐（NaTP）水溶液为亚相,用四（4-N,N-二乙胺基苯基）卟啉化合物（H₂TNPP）自组装膜为功能模板,釆用低成本的QLS法成功制备了2种新型有机/无机复合材料：H₂TNPP/TPA,H₂TNPP/NaTP QLS薄膜。薄膜结构、形貌及半导体性质测试发现：H₂TNPP分子在H₂TNPP/TPA,H₂TNPP/NaTP复合膜中均采取H-聚集模式,TPA亚相上H-聚集程度更大。而在纯H₂TNPP膜中其为J-聚集模式。3种薄膜表面均为纳米颗粒形貌,以H₂TNPP/NaTP膜表面颗粒均一,颗粒尺寸最小（~60 nm）,H₂TNPP/TPA膜表面缺陷较多,颗粒尺寸最大（~150 nm）。薄膜导电性依次为H₂TNPP/NaTP（3.00×10^-5 S·cm^-1）>H₂TNPP/TPA（2.49×10^-5 S·cm^-1）>H₂TNPP膜（1.53×10^-5 S·cm^-1）。常温气敏测试发现：3种薄膜在30 s内对浓度小于1.88 mg·m^-3的NO₂气体都有响应,灵敏度依次为H₂TNPP/NaTP（43%）>H₂TNPP膜（16%）>H₂TNPP/TPA（4.5%）。具有最小颗粒尺寸和最高导电性的H₂TNPP/NaTP复合薄膜具有最高的灵敏度,并且对NO₂检测限低至0.094 mg·m^-3。显示出了非常高的实际应用价值。本研究为制备低成本、高灵敏度、环境友好的快速室温NO₂气敏器件提供了一种新的策略。     

介孔调变对CuY催化剂甲醇氧化羰基化反应活性的影响

碱溶液处理NaY分子筛形成的介孔有利于反应物及产物分子的扩散,调节碱溶液浓度可控制Y分子筛中的介孔结构,通过溶液离子交换法制备CuY催化剂,研究了NaY分子筛介孔结构调变对CuY催化剂催化甲醇氧化羰基化反应活性的影响。通过BET、²⁹Si-NMR、XRD、NH3/CO-TPD、H₂-TPR和TEM等表征及催化活性分析表明,在碱溶液处理过程中,NaY分子筛骨架中的Si（0Al）和Si（1Al）原子被优先脱除,且笼结构坍塌使得临近超笼连接,逐步形成直径为3.47~3.66 nm,孔容介于0.142~0.226 cm³·g^-1的介孔,在提高反应物分子和产物分子扩散性能的同时,提高了活性物种的可接近性。随着碱液浓度的增加,CuY催化剂的催化活性先升高后降低。当碱液浓度为0.2 mol·L^-1时,NaY分子筛介孔直径为3.47 nm,孔容达到最大（0.226 cm³·g^-1）,相应CuY催化剂DMC的时空收率、选择性和甲醇转化率分别达到204.0 mg·g^-1·h^-1、67.8%和14.0%,活性最佳。     

新颖的大环冠醚基对碘苯胺包合物:设计合成、晶体结构及介电性质

合成了新颖的有机-无机杂化超分子化合物, [(4-IA-NH₃)·(18-crown-6)]₂·(Cu₂Cl₆) (1), 4-IA-NH₃=对碘苯胺离子, 18-crown-6=18-冠-6。并通过红外光谱、粉末衍射、热重分析和单晶结构分析对化合物进行了充分表征。在转子定子型的超分子化合物1中, [(4-IA-NH₃)·(18-crown-6)] -超分子阳离子和(Cu₂Cl₆)^2-阴离子交错堆积形成包合物结构。变温介电常数测量表明, 在130~450 K范围内没有相变引起的介电异样。大环醚的热无序运动及由此引起的氢键偶极瞬间变化使得化合物在低频500 Hz和高温350 K以上具有较高的介电常数并伴随高的介电损耗。     

Ce0.8Nd0.2O1.9-La0.95Sr0.05Ga0.9Mg0.1O3-δ固体复合电解质的结构和电性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法分别制备La_0.95Sr_0.05Ga_0.9Mg_0.1O_3-δ (LSGM)和Ce_0.8Nd_0.2O_1.9 (NDC)电解质,并在NDC溶胶中加入0-15% (w,质量分数)的LSGM预烧粉体制得NDC-LSGM复合电解质,研究不同质量比复合电解质的结构和电性能. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)和X能量色散谱仪(EDS)对样品进行结构表征,交流(AC)阻抗谱测试样品导电性能. 结果表明：NDC-LSGM复合体系主要由立方萤石结构相、钙钛矿结构相和杂质相组成;LSGM的添加可促进晶粒的生长,产生大量相界面,清除或降低SiO₂有害影响,明显提高晶界导电性;LSGM质量分数为10%的样品NL10 具有最高晶界电导率和总电导率,400 ℃时NL10 的晶界电导率σ_gb和总电导率σ_t分别为12.15×10^-4和3.49×10^-4 S·cm^-1,与NDC的σ_gb (1.41×10^-4 S·cm^-1)和σ_t (1.20×10^-4 S·cm^-1)相比分别提高了7.62和1.91倍,总电导率的提高主要归因于晶界电导率的影响.     

Tm3+/Er3+/Ho3+共掺SiO2-Bi2O3-AlF3-BaF2玻璃发光性能

采用高温熔融法制备了Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺共掺的铋硅酸盐50SiO₂-40Bi₂O₃-5AlF₃-5BaF₂玻璃。研究了在808 nm激光器（Laser Diode）激发下Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺共掺的铋硅酸盐在2 060 nm处的发光性能,同时测试及分析了该铋硅酸盐玻璃的差热特性、吸收光谱及荧光光谱。根据吸收光谱以及Judd-Oflet理论,计算了Ho³⁺的Judd-Oflet强度参数Ω_t（t=2,4,6）以及Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺相应的吸收截面。铋硅酸盐玻璃中,Tm₂O₃、Er₂O₃和Ho2O3掺杂浓度分别为0.75%、1.0%和0.5%时,2 060 nm处Ho³⁺∶⁵I₇→⁵I₈发射峰强度达到最大。对Tm³⁺/Er³⁺/Ho³⁺ 3种离子的光谱性质和离子间可能存在的能量传递也做了分析。Ho³⁺在1 953 nm处的最大吸收截面σ_abs为9.08×10^-21 cm²,在2 060 nm处的最大发射截面σem为11.68×10^-21 cm²,辐射寿命τ_mea为2.75 ms,具有良好的增益效应σ_emτ（3.212×10^-20 cm^-2·ms）。     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

Synthesis and characterization of Ti1−2xNbxNixO2−x/2 solid solutions

Doped-rutile has been traditionally used in ceramic pigments for its intense optical properties. In this paper, we compare the classical ceramic synthesis of Ti_1−2xNb_xNi_xO_2−x/2 system with the sol-gel methodology, which allows a reduction of the anatase-rutile transformation temperature. The composition was optimised in order to obtain a unique rutile phase with the minimum amount of pollutant Ni(II) and enhanced chromatic coordinates. Incorporation of the doping ions in the rutile structure was corroborated by XRD and Rietveld refinements. The species responsible for the colour mechanism were studied by different techniques. UV-VIS spectroscopy showed the characteristic features of Ni²⁺ ions, whose existence was corroborated by EPR and magnetic measurements. From these results, (Ni,Nb)doped-TiO₂ powder samples can be now shaped as thin films, monoliths, etc. by using sol-gel methodology without modifying their properties. This study introduces new possibilities of coloured TiO₂-based solid solutions in new combined advanced applications (colouring agent and photocatalyst, etc.).     

Visible light-sensitive yellow TiO2−xNx and Fe-N co-doped Ti1−yFeyO2−xNx anatase photocatalysts

Nitrogen substituted yellow colored anatase TiO_2−xN_x and Fe-N co-doped Ti_1−yFe_yO_2−xN_x have been easily synthesized by novel hydrazine method. White anatase TiO_2−δ and N/Fe-N-doped samples are semiconducting and the presence of ESR signals at g ∼1.994-2.0025 supports the oxygen vacancy and g∼4.3 indicates Fe³⁺ in the lattice. TiO_2−xN_x has higher conductivity than TiO_2−x and Fe/Fe-N-doped anatase and the UV absorption edge of white TiO_2−x extends in the visible region in N, Fe and Fe-N co-doped TiO₂, which show, respectively, two band gaps at ∼3.25/2.63, ∼3.31/2.44 and 2.8/2.44 eV. An activation energy of ∼1.8 eV is observed in Arrhenius log resistivity vs. 1/T plots for all samples. All TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ show low 2-propanol photodegradation activity but have significant NO photodestruction capability, both in UV and visible regions, while standard Degussa P-25 is incapable in destroying NO in the visible region The mid-gap levels that these N and Fe-N-doped TiO₂ consist may cause this discrepancy in their photocatalytic activities.     

LixZryOz三元化合物的制备及表征

采用高温固相法制备了4种高纯度晶相组成的LixZryOz三元化合物,研究了焙烧温度、时间、反应物的种类和初始反应物物质的量比对产物组成的影响,进一步用XRD、SEM及BET分析方法对产物的晶相结构、表面形貌及比表面积进行了表征.实验结果表明,Li2CO3与ZrO2在适当条件下可以合成得到单斜相Li3ZrO3;以LiOH替代Li2CO3,在适当条件下可以分别合成得到四方相Li2ZrO3和三斜/单斜相Li6Zr2O7;进一步以Zr(NO3)4·5H2O代替Zr02,可将单斜相Li6Zr2O7的制备时间由96 h缩短至24 h.SEM照片显示产物硬团聚明显,粒径分布在1～10μm间,BET分析表明样品比表面积处于1.0～9.0 m2·g-1间分布,反应过程中锂的过量以及长时间高温焙烧是引起产物粒径长大和产生硬团聚的主要原因.