黏结剂对铁酸锌脱硫剂在高温煤气中脱硫性能的影响

以硝酸铁、硝酸锌、氨水及黏结剂为主要原料，用共沉淀法制成六种铁酸锌脱硫剂。研究了各种黏结剂的加入对脱硫剂的尖晶石结构、硫容量和脱硫效果的影响,在固定床上对其进行脱硫试验。并用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和气体吸附等测试手段，对脱硫剂的物相组成、结构、比表面积和孔容进行了表征。结果表明，用共沉淀法制备的铁酸锌，具有不受黏结剂影响的尖晶石结构，其颗粒属于微米级；添加高岭土黏结剂的脱硫剂的脱硫效果最好，添加硅藻土的脱硫剂的脱硫效果最差；不同黏结剂对脱硫剂的织构的影响不同；脱硫剂的反应活性和硫容量与其孔容的大小有关。     

钛酸锌脱硫剂硫化过程的动力学分析

利用固定床反应器对钛酸锌高温煤气脱硫剂硫化过程的动力学进行了研究，考察了硫化反应温度、H2S体积分数对脱硫反应过程的影响。结果表明，脱硫剂具有良好的脱硫反应活性，在400 ℃～600 ℃，脱硫剂的硫化反应速率随着硫化反应温度的升高、反应器入口H2S 体积分数的增大而增大。在实验数据的基础上，利用等效粒子模型对其反应动力学进行了分析，发现该脱硫剂的硫化反应主要受固体内扩散控制，固体内扩散活化能为 61.4 kJ/mol，相应的频率因子为 4.4×105 m2/min。硫化反应后脱硫剂比表面积、孔体积显著减小，脱硫剂表面有颗粒聚集物存在，进一步验证了该脱硫剂的硫化反应主要是通过产物层的体相扩散控制的。     

Effect of binder on the properties of iron oxide sorbent for hot gas desulfurization

The most difficult problem in hot gas desulfurization in Integrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) is the pulverization of sulfur removal sorbents. Appropriate binders for hot gas sulfur removal sorbents can solve the pulverization problem. In this paper, six sorbents with binders of different argillaceous minerals were prepared by mechanical mixing method. Desulfurization behavior for hot gas desulfurization sorbents was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor. Result showed that sorbent NTKW2 with binder of clay had a better sulfidation performance. NTKW2 had a more stable performance than other sorbents in the continuous sulfidation-regeneration cycles. Sulfur capacity of sorbent remained the same in each cycle. The desulfurization efficiency and mechanical strength of NTKW2 were the best among the tested sorbents. The behavior of NTKW2 at different temperatures showed different performances, and the best reaction temperature was 550 ℃. Higher heat stability, sulfur capacity and desulfurization efficiency were found on NTKW2 in six continuous sulfidation-regeneration cycles.     

Impact of impregnation pressure on desulfurization performance of Zn-based sorbents supported on semi-coke

High-pressure impregnation, a new preparation method for sorbents to remove H2S from hot coal gas, is introduced in this paper. Semi-coke (SC) and ZnO is selected as the support and active component of sorbent, respectively. The sorbent preparation process includes high-pressure impregnation, filtration, ovendry and calcination. The aim of this research is to primarily study the effects of the impregnation pressure on physical properties and desulfurization ability of the sorbent. The desulfurization experiment was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at 500°C and a simulated coal gas used in this work was composed of CO (33 vol%), H2 (39 vol%), H2S (300 ppm in volume), and N2 (balance). Experimental results show that the pore structure of the SC support can be improved effectively and ZnO active component can be uniformly dispersed on the support, with the small particle size of 10-500 nm. Sorbents prepared using high-pressure impregnation have better desulfurization capacity and their active components have higher utilization rate. P20-ZnSC sorbent, obtained by high-pressure impregnation at 20 atm, has the best desulfurization ability with a sulfur capacity of 7.54 g S/100g sorbent and a breakthrough time of 44 h. Its desulfurization precision and efficiency of removing H2S from the middle temperature gases can reach <1 ppm and >99.7%, respectively, before sorbent breakthrough.     

Desulfurization kinetics of ZnO sorbent loaded on semi-coke support for hot coal gas

Zn-based sorbent (Z20SC) prepared through semi-coke support in 20 wt% zinc nitrate solution by high-pressure impregnation presents an excellent desulfurization capacity in hot coal gas,in which H2 S can not be nearly detected in the outlet gas before 20 h breakthrough time.The effects of the main operational conditions and the particle size of Z20SC sorbent on its desulfurization performances sorbent were investigated in a fixed-bed reactor and the desulfurization kinetics of Z20SC sorbent removing H2 S from hot coal gas was calculated based on experimental data.Results showed that the conversion of Z20SC sorbent desulfurization reaction increased with the decrease of the particle size of the sorbent and the increases of gas volumetric flow rate,reaction temperature and H 2 S content in inlet gas.Z20SC sorbent obtained from hydrothermal synthesis by high-pressure impregnation possessed much larger surface area and pore volume than semi-coke support,and they were significantly reduced after the desulfurization reaction.The equivalent grain model was reasonably used to analyze experimental data,in which k s=4.382×10-3 exp(-8.270×103/RgT) and Dep=1.262×10-4exp(1.522×104/RgT).It suggests that the desulfurization reaction of the Z20SC sorbent is mainly controlled by the chemical reaction in the initial stage and later by the diffusion through the reacted sorbent layer.     

高温燃煤钙基纳米金属氧化物复合吸附剂同时除砷脱硫研究

将纳米MgO、Al2O3和ZnO分别添加于超细CaCO3中制备出钙基纳米金属氧化物复合吸附剂,并进行燃煤过程中除砷脱硫的试验研究。结果表明,在Ca/S摩尔比为1.8,燃烧温度为1200℃,纳米金属氧化物的添加量为超细CaCO3质量的8%时,添加了纳米MgO的复合吸附剂除砷脱硫性能最好,比单一的超细CaCO3除砷率和脱硫率分别高出了28.73%和37.21%,表现出同时除砷脱硫的良好性能。     

烟气中多环芳烃吸附脱除的研究

针对热电厂烟气中排放的多环芳烃（PAHs）污染物，在实验室规模上研究了六种吸附剂对烟气中典型的PAHs, 如萘（Nap）、芴（Flu）、菲（Phe）的吸附脱除行为。考察了吸附剂结构特征与Nap，Flu，Phe高温脱除的相关性，并对煤质活性炭（AC-1）在160 ℃～200 ℃下的吸附等温线进行了研究。结果表明，吸附剂对PAHs的吸附能力与其结构参数中BET表面积和微孔体积具有紧密相关性，而与中孔体积没有明显关系；活性炭表现出很好的脱除烟气中PAHs的作用；吸附剂对PAHs的吸附能力随着PAHs的质量分数增大而增大，随吸附温度的增加而减小；随着PAHs的碳原子数和芳环数增加，其在吸附剂上的吸附能力也增强。     

硬脂酸前驱体法制铁酸锌脱硫剂及其在中温下的应用

以硬脂酸为凝胶剂，经由溶胶、凝胶、煅烧等步骤直接合成了晶体尺寸为纳米级(15nm～32nm)的铁酸锌脱硫剂，并应用TG-DTA、XRD、BET等测试手段对干凝胶及所得产品进行分析表征。结果表明，硬脂酸前驱体法合成温度低，操作简便。随着煅烧温度的升高，产品的比表面积减小，平均粒径增大，脱硫性能变差；该法制备的脱硫剂在350℃~550℃活性高，脱硫精度高，硫容大，而且再生性能良好，450℃下完全再生。     

高温煤气脱硫剂(英文)

综述了用于整体煤气化联合循环发电（ＩＧＣＣ）技术中的高温煤气脱硫剂的研究和开发,对几类主要应用的脱硫剂的优缺点进行了比较总结,指出了脱硫剂在工业应用中最重用的几个特性,并对今后脱硫剂的改进方向提出了建议。     

炭基载体对超声加压浸渍法制备锌基脱硫剂中温硫化性能的影响

以活性炭(AC)、褐煤半焦(LSC)、烟煤半焦(BSC)和褐煤焦(LC)4种炭基材料作为载体,利用超声辅助加压浸渍法分别制备了氧化锌炭基系列中温煤气脱硫剂。借助固定床硫化反应测试装置、氮气吸附、XRD和SEM等手段对4种脱硫剂的脱硫性能、物相组成、比表面积和孔结构进行了测试和表征。结果表明,超声辅助加压浸渍法能够有效改善炭基材料的孔隙结构,加压水热处理后的褐煤半焦比表面积可增大为原来的11倍;炭基材料种类不会影响氧化锌炭基脱硫剂中活性组分的赋存形态,但直接影响活性组分的上载率及其在载体表面分散的均匀性,进而影响脱硫剂的中温硫化性能。褐煤半焦制备的脱硫剂Zn/LSC中较高的活性组分利用率和丰富的孔隙结构使其脱硫效果最佳,脱硫精度达到99.99%时的穿透时间和实际硫容分别达到11.0 h和5.17%。褐煤半焦孔结构最易于改性,是加压水热合成中温煤气脱硫剂的一种优良的载体材料,这也是资源相对丰富的褐煤有效利用的途径之一。     

Preparation of γ-Al2O3 sorbents loaded with metal components and removal of thiophene from coking benzene

Series sorbents of Cu, Zn, Ni, Ce and Ag metal components supported on γ-Al₂O₃ carrier for removing thiophene from benzene were prepared by conventional and ultrasound-assisted incipient-wetness impregnation method. The static adsorption experiments were carried out in the thiophene-benzene solution with thiophene concentration of 500?mg/L. The results show that the desulfurization activity of all γ-Al₂O₃ sorbents modified by different metal components obviously increase, among which the sorbent modified by silver nitrate has the best performance. The active components of sorbents from Cu, Zn, Ni, Ce nitrates loaded on γ-Al₂O₃ carrier are their oxides. Besides Ag₂O, the products of silver nitrate thermal decomposition in sorbent prepared still have Ag⁰ and Ag–O–Al species. The assistant ultrasound in the process of sorbent preparation can not only shorten the impregnation time, but also enrich the pore structure of sorbent and improve the size and distribution of the Ag species, which is favorable to the removal of thiophene from benzene. The desulfurization capacity of sorbent changes with the Ag content loaded. The sorbent with 15?% quality content of Ag prepared by ultrasound-assisted impregnation method has the highest desulfurization efficiency. It could reduce the thiophene concentration to 1.7?mg/L from 500?mg/L at room temperature and ambient pressure, with the desulfurization efficiency of more than 99?%, when the ratio of sorbent to solution was 1:4?(g/mL).     

热煤气脱硫工艺基础特性研究

本文介绍了在加压流化床脱硫间歇试验装置上进行的热煤气脱碱工艺基础性研究结果，利用美国ＵＣＩ公司制备的高温钛酸锌脱硫剂研究了反应温度，压力，气体速度等因素对煤气脱硫过程的影响；     

Preparation and characterization of double metal-silica sorbent for gas filtration

This paper presents the preparation of a porous (Mg, Ca) silicate structure, which could be employed as sorbent filter media. The sorbents have been prepared using sodium silicate precipitated with various ratios of magnesium and calcium salts. The sorbents obtained were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen physisorption isotherm. Further, the applicability and performance of the sorbent impregnate with potassium hydroxide for removal of sulphur dioxide (SO₂) has been demonstrated. From the isotherms, specific surface area, pore diameter and volume of pores were estimated. Results show that the chemical composition and textural properties of the resultant sorbents were highly dependent on Mg/Ca molar ratio. It was found that sorbents made with 68 mol% Mg and 32 mol% Ca (PSS-MgCa-68/32); and 75 mol% Mg and 25 mol% Ca (PSS-MgCa-75/25) exhibited even higher specific surface area and pore volume than the sorbents containing a single metal. The Mg/Ca-silica sorbents obtained contains interconnected bimodal porosity with large portions being mesopores of varied sizes. The pore size distribution (PSD) results further indicate that PSS-MgCa-68/32 sorbent exhibits wide PSD of interconnected pores in the size range of 1 to 32 nm while PSS-MgCa-50/50 and PSS-MgCa-75/25 exhibits narrow PSD of 1 to 5 nm. Using SO₂ as model contaminate gas, it was shown that the dynamic adsorption performance of the PSS-MgCa-sorbents impregnated with 8 wt% KOH exhibits SO₂ uptake, with impregnated PSS-MgCa-68/32 showing better performance. This shows that the materials prepared can be used as adsorbent for gas filtration.     

炭基锌铁锰高温脱硫剂硫化再生行为的研究

采用共沉淀法制备了炭基锌铁锰高温脱硫剂,在固定床装置上研究了锌铁锰物质的量比对脱除硫化氢性能的影响,并进行3次硫化和再生循环实验,同时脱硫剂的新鲜样、硫化样及再生样通过XRD、BET和SEM等测试手段进行表征.实验结果表明,炭基铁酸锌添加氧化锰后,其脱硫效果和机械强度得到有效改善.当锌铁锰物质的量比为1∶2∶0.8,一次硫容达55.78g/100g,机械强度大于40N/cm;在分段升温至650℃时的再生过程中,无明显烧结;在3次循环实验中,硫化再生后脱硫剂的机械强度均大于新鲜样品,孔容积和比表面积都与新鲜样品相近,脱硫活性仍然保持较高水平.     

Effect of Calcium Oxide Additive on Sorbent for High-Temperature the Performance of Iron Oxide Coal Gas Desulfurization

The effect of calcium oxide additive in iron oxide sorbent for hot gas desulfurization was investigated by XRD and TPR techniques. XRD characterization showed that CaO was highly dispersed after the calcination of sorbents. Calcium sulfate formed in the desulfurization was decomposed and regenerated to CaO by reacting with CO before the next sulfidation process. Calcium participated in every sulfidation/regeneration cycle and contributed to the enhancement of sulfur capacity. The TPR results showed that the reduction temperature of the sorbent increased with the increase of the content of calcium. Calcium played a role of retarding reduction. Therefore, the addition of calcium oxide additive will benefit the utilization of iron oxide sorbent in strongly reducing atmospheres.     

活性炭（焦）低温吸附催化脱除H2S的基础研究

以活性炭、活性焦作为脱硫剂,并应用BET、XPS等测试手段对其进行分析表征。结果表明,活性炭（焦）的脱硫能力与其表面酸碱性有着密切的关系,增加表面上起碱性作用的π-π^﹡键,羰基官能团（C-O和醚基官能团（C-O）的浓度,可增加其表面催化作用,特别是C-O官能团;反应温度对活性炭（焦）的脱硫性能有很大的影响,脱硫剂在150℃～180℃活性高,硫容大,副反应少;水蒸气对活性炭（焦）脱除H₂S有促进作用。     

Effect of Calcium Oxide Additive on the Performance of Iron Oxide Sorbent for High-Temperature Coal Gas Desulfurization

The effect of calcium oxide additive in iron oxide sorbent for hot gas desulfurization was investigated by XRD and TPR techniques.XRD characterization showed that CaO was highly dispersed after the calcination of sorbents.Calcium sulfate formed in the desulfurization was decomposed and regenerated to CaO by reacting with CO before the next sulfidation process.Calcium participated in every sulfidation/regeneration cycle and contributed to the enhancement of sulfur capacity.The TPR results showed that the reduction temperature of the sorbent increased with the increase of the content of calcium.Calcium played a role of retarding reduction.Therefore,the addition of calcium oxide additive will benefit the utilization of iron oxide sorbent in strongly reducing atmospheres.     

A complementary and synergistic effect of Fe-Zn binary metal oxide in the process of high-temperature fuel gas desulfurization

57Fe Mossbauer spectroscopy was used to investigate the evolution of Fe-Zn binary metal oxide sorbent in the process of high-temperature fuel gas desulfurization. The results of phase analyses show that Fe-Zn binary metal oxide sorbent is rapidly reduced in hot fuel gas and decomposed to new phases of highly dispersed microcrystalline elemental iron and zinc oxide, both of which become the active desulfurization constituents. A complementary and synergistic effect between active iron acting as a high sulfur capacity constituent and active zinc oxide acting as a deep refining desulfurization constituent exists in this type of sorbent for hot fuel gas desulfurization.     

SO2气氛下半焦负载Zn/Fe/Ce高温煤气脱硫剂的再生行为研究

以共沉淀法制备了半焦负载Zn/Fe/Ce（物质的量比1.0：2.0：0.6）高温煤气脱硫剂,在固定床装置上研究了再生反应温度、进口SO₂浓度以及再生气空速对再生性能的影响,并进行三次硫化-再生循环测试。采用XRD、SEM、BET等测试手段对脱硫剂的新鲜样、硫化样及再生样进行了表征。实验结果表明,半焦负载Zn/Fe/Ce高温煤气脱硫剂在SO₂气氛下600 ℃就能发生再生反应,且再生后的主要产物为ZnFe₂O₄、CeO₂和单质硫;最佳再生条件为,再生温度700 ℃、进口SO₂体积分数为12%、再生气空速为5 000 h^-1。脱硫剂经过多次硫化-再生循环后,脱硫剂仍能保持较好的硫化活性。     

热重分析法研究贝壳固硫反应动力学

采用热分析法研究了贝壳和石灰石固硫反应过程, 用等效粒子模型对固硫反应过程进行了表征, 计算分析了其固硫反应动力学参数. 结果表明, 贝壳比石灰石含有较多的碱金属盐, 其作用是提高了贝壳固硫反应速率常数和有效扩散系数. 贝壳固硫反应中存在补偿效应. 根据等动力学温度判别固硫剂活性适用于不同反应控制区的活性判断. 碱金属成分对钙基固硫剂活性有正负两个方面的影响, 含量过大或过小都会削弱固硫剂活性, 因而存在最适含量. 在1 073～1 273 K温区固硫时, 钙基固硫剂中碱金属离子与钙离子摩尔比为1∶50左右时固硫活性较高.