形貌可控ZnO微纳米结构的水热合成及光催化性能

以乙醇胺为辅助溶剂,采用水热合成法,制备了花状、梭状和剑状的ZnO微纳米结构。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、光致发光光谱(PL)和拉曼光谱等测试手段对样品的形貌、结构、晶相等进行了表征。结果表明所有样品均为六方纤锌矿结构ZnO;其形貌和结晶度可通过改变物质的量的配比nZn2+/nOH-来调控。探讨了反应物配比对产物形貌结构的影响,乙醇胺对不同形貌ZnO的制备起到至关重要作用。以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物,采用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)并结合低温氮吸附-脱附比表面测试(BET),研究了花状、梭状和剑状ZnO的光催化活性。结果表明,与商用ZnO相比,制备的ZnO具有更好的光催化活性;样品催化活性与其比表面积不成正比,具有最小比表面积的花状ZnO拥有最好的光催化活性,这可能是由于其低的结晶度和特殊的花状形貌所致。     

超细钨酸锌纳米棒的制备及其光催化性能

在含有溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)的水溶液中,通过水热法制备了超细钨酸锌(ZnWO4)纳米棒。用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和紫外可见漫反射光谱表征了所制备的样品。在汞灯照射下,通过降解甲基橙(MO)检测了超细ZnWO4纳米棒的光催化活性。结果表明,在CTAB胶束作用下,ZnWO4纳米棒更细更长,超细ZnWO4纳米棒光催化活性比普通ZnWO4纳米棒更强,在同样条件下,前者对MO的降解率为90.2%,后者为50.%。     

花状β-氢氧化镍的合成和表征

本文介绍了以大环多胺(六甲基-1，4，8，11-四氮环14-4，11-二烯)的镍(Ⅱ)配合物溶液为反应物，水热水解制备出花状β- Ni(OH)₂亚微米结构，该花状β-Ni(OH)₂由几十个相互连接的纳米片构成。对中间产物的研究结果表明，随着配合物浓度的增加、反应时间的延长，产物形貌从卷曲的片状转变成纳米片组成的花状且花状结构逐渐增密。采用粉末X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)表征了产物，并采用Rietveld精修方法拟合了晶体结构。     

超细钨酸锌纳米棒的制备及其光催化性能

在含有溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTAB)的水溶液中,通过水热法制备了超细钨酸锌（ZnWO4）纳米棒。 用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和紫外可见漫反射光谱表征了所制备的样品。 在汞灯照射下,通过降解甲基橙（MO）检测了超细ZnWO4纳米棒的光催化活性。 结果表明,在CTAB胶束作用下,ZnWO4纳米棒更细更长,超细ZnWO4纳米棒光催化活性比普通ZnWO4纳米棒更强,在同样条件下,前者对MO的降解率为90.2%,后者为50%。     

溶剂热法制备银纳米晶

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为表面活性剂,利用乙二醇溶剂热法成功制备了银纳米颗粒;利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)分析了样品的形貌和晶体结构,并考察了溶剂组成等因素对银纳米颗粒形貌的影响.研究结果表明所得银纳米晶粒径均一,直径约为90nm;增大PVP的加入量会降低产物的粒径,溶剂中水的引入会影响银纳米晶的形貌.     

水热法合成LaPO_4/TiO_2异质结复合光催化材料及性能研究

以静电纺丝技术制备的锐钛矿相TiO_2纳米纤维为基质,尿素为碱源,环己烷六羧酸为小分子模板剂,采用水热法合成了LaPO_4/TiO_2异质结复合纳米纤维。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高倍透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等分析测试手段对产物形貌和结构进行了表征,并以甲基橙为模拟污染物,紫外光为光源,评价了样品光催化降解活性。结果表明:LaPO_4纳米棒均匀地构筑在TiO_2纳米纤维表面,制备了LaPO_4/TiO_2异质结复合纳米纤维光催化材料,其具有比纯TiO_2纳米纤维和Degussa P-25更强的光催化活性,降解率达到89.4%。     

低共熔溶剂中纳米氧化锌的制备及形貌调控

分别以工业氧化锌、氯化锌和草酸锌为锌源,氯化胆碱-尿素低共熔溶剂为溶剂,通过沉淀法制备了不同结构和形貌的纳米氧化锌。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和甲基橙光催化降解对样品进行了表征,分析了锌源变化对产物形貌的影响以及不同形貌氧化锌形成过程中前驱体的调控作用及反应机理。并将制备的不同形貌氧化锌应用于光催化降解甲基橙。结果表明制备的由纳米晶组装而成的厚块状Zn O纳米结构对甲基橙有良好的光催化性能。     

多元醇法形貌可控制备氧化亚铜微纳米颗粒

以硝酸铜、乙酸铜、乙酰丙酮铜为原料,采用多元醇还原法合成制备了氧化亚铜立方体、微球、空心球、核壳结构等微纳米颗粒。 利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)等测试手段对样品的物相、形貌、元素组分及吸光性能进行了表征。 同时考察了铜源、反应时间、和多元醇类型对氧化亚铜微纳米材料形貌的影响,对产物形成机理进行了初步的探讨。 对产物形成机理进行了初步的探讨。 采用简单低廉的多元醇合成法,可以控制合成不同相貌的氧化亚铜微纳米结构。 对制备形貌可控的氧化物具有一定的指导意义。     

花状NH4V4O10微纳米结构的水热制备及电化学嵌锂性能

通过水热法制备了花状NH4V4O10微纳米结构. 采用XRD,SEM,TEM,XPS等测试手段对样品结构、形貌和组成进行了表征. 实验结果表明,所制得的NH4V4O10花状结构是由直径约100 nm,长度为几微米的纳米带团簇而形成. 研究了反应体系中温度、时间等因素对NH4V4O10产物形貌的影响. 将制备的NH4V4O10组装成锂模拟扣式电池,考察了其电化学嵌锂性能. 研究结果显示,所制备的花状NH4V4O10具有较高的比容量（307 mAh?g-1）,有望作为锂离子电池的新型正极材料.     

Ag修饰的Fe_3O_4/TiO_2复合磁性纳米纤维的制备及光催化性能

通过静电纺丝法制备了含有Fe3O4纳米粒子的TiO2纳米纤维,采用水热法对该纤维表面进行纳米Ag修饰,制备出具有较强磁性和较好光催化性能的复合纤维.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)等对样品的结构和形貌进行表征,并以罗丹明B(Rh B)水溶液降解为模型反应,考察样品在紫外光照射下的光催化性能.结果表明,所制备的TiO2为锐钛矿结构,Fe3O4纳米粒子均匀分布在TiO2纤维中,Ag纳米颗粒比较均匀地分散在磁性TiO2纤维表面.经过纳米Ag修饰后,材料的光吸收能力大为增强,吸收带红移并扩展到可见光区.在紫外光照射40 min后,合成样品对Rh B的降解率达到99.5%.此外,Fe3O4纳米粒子的存在使该材料具有较强的磁性,可通过外加磁场将其分离回收.     

Oxalic acid mediated synthesis of WO3·H2O nanoplates and self-assembled nanoflowers under mild conditions

Tungsten oxide hydrate (WO₃·H₂O) nanoplates and flower-like assemblies were successfully synthesized via a simple aqueous method. The effects of reaction parameters in solution on the preparation were studied. Nanoplates and nanoflowers can be selectively prepared by changing the amount of H₂C₂O₄. In-situ assembly of nanoplates to nanoflowers was also proposed for the formation of assembled nanostructures. In addition, the reaction time and temperature have important effects on the sizes of the as-obtained samples. Crystal structure, morphology, and composition of final nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical properties of the synthesized samples and the growth mechanism were studied by UV-vis detection. Degradation experiments of Rhodamine B (RhB) were also performed on samples of nanoplates and nanoflowers under visible light illumination. Nanoflower sample exhibited preferable photocatalytic property to nanoplate sample.     

Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Preparation, Characterization and Photocatalytic Properties of a Chrysanthemum-Shaped ZnWO4 Photocatalyst

A novel chrysanthemum-shaped monocline ZnWO₄ photocatalyst was synthesized by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method with Na₂WO₄·2H₂O and Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O as raw materials at different reaction temperatures. The prepared ZnWO₄ photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Transmission electron microscopy, Photoluminescence spectrum (PL) and UV–Vis absorption spectrum (UV–Vis). The photocatalytic property of the prepared chrysanthemum-shaped monocline ZnWO₄ photocatalyst was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) in aqueous solution. The effects of reaction temperature on the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of RhB were investigated. The results indicated that the chrysanthemum-shaped monocline ZnWO₄ photocatalyst is prepared by foliated powders with the sizes of about 30 nm and 500 nm respectively at 160 and 220 °C. The PL relative intensity of prepared ZnWO₄ photocatalyst is apparently intensifying with increasing temperature. The photocatalytic property decreases with the increasing recombination probability of the excited electrons and holes. The chrysanthemum-shaped monocline ZnWO₄ photocatalyst prepared at 160 °C possesses the best photocatalytic property, and the degradation efficiency of RhB at 180 min UV-light irradiation is achieved 75 %. The ZnWO₄ has good reusability property on degradation of RhB and the degradation rate is still higher than 65 % after three cycles.     

Fabrication and photoelectrochemical properties of porous ZnWO4 film

Porous ZnWO₄ films have been fabricated on Indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass and its photoelectrochemical properties and high photocatalytic activities towards degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) has been investigated. Using amorphous heteronuclear complex as precursor and with the addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight=400), the porous ZnWO₄ films have been achieved at the temperature of 500 °C via dip-coating method. It is composed of approximately 70 nm-sized particles and exhibits substantial porosity. The textures and porosity of ZnWO₄ films are dependent on preparation factors, such as the ratio of precursor/PEG and the annealing conditions. The formation mechanism of porous ZnWO₄ films was proposed. The porous ZnWO₄ films exhibited high photocatalytic activities towards degrading RhB. The top of valence band and the bottom of the conduction band was estimated to be −0.56 and 3.45 eV (vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE)), respectively.     

Studies on hydrothermal synthesis of photolumniscent rare earth (Eu3+ & Tb3+) doped NG@FeMoO4 for enhanced visible light photodegradation of methylene blue dye

FeMoO₄ nanorods and their rare earth (Eu³⁺ and Tb³⁺) doped composites with nitrogen doped graphene (NG) were synthesized by facile hydrothermal method in aqueous medium. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the as-synthesized samples was done to study the phase purity and crystalline nature. FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy have been studied for investigating the bonding in nanostructures. The surface morphology of the samples was investigated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The photolumniscent nature of the samples was investigated by the using the fluorescence spectrophotometer. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of the prepared pure FeMoO₄ and its rare earth doped composites with nitrogen doped graphene was evaluated as function of visible light irradiation versus concentration of methylene blue (MB dye). The prepared nanocomposites show enhanced photocatalytic efficiency as compared to the bare FeMoO₄ nanorods.     

花状TiO2分级结构的可控合成与其光催化性能

采用水热法可控合成了花状TiO₂分级结构材料,运用扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、N₂物理吸附-脱附等手段,对其进行了表征,系统研究了NaOH用量、H₂O₂浓度、HNO₃浓度、反应温度及时间等因素对所得样品形貌的影响,并评价了它们的光催化性能.结果表明,花状TiO₂分级结构为锐钛矿相,颗粒大小均一;随制备条件的变化,构成花状TiO₂分级结构的基元结构分别为纳米线、纳米片,纳米线直径约25nm,纳米片厚度不足10nm;该样品具有较高的比表面积,表现出良好的单次光催化活性与重复使用性能.     

制备方法对AgInO2结构及光催化性能的影响

以离子交换法和"氟化异丙烯膜袋"水热法分别制备了AgInO2,利用XRD、低温氮吸附-脱附、SEM、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy,DRS)和XPS对不同方法所得到的AgInO2进行了表征;以罗丹明B(RhB)和甲基橙(MO)为目标物,在可见光下考察了2种催化剂的光催化性能。结果表明,利用"氟化异丙烯膜袋"水热法制备的样品由于具有更好的结晶度,且在可见光区有更强的吸收,从而表现出了更好的可见光光催化活性(3 h降解RhB达94%。7 h降解MO达83%)。     

表面活性剂对水热制备钨酸铋形貌及光催化性能的影响

通过简单水热制备了大小均一,直径约为2.5 μm的球状Bi2WO6粉体.系统研究表面活性剂SDS和PVP对水热制备Bi2WO6光催化剂的影响.利用XRD,EDS,SEM,TEM和DRS等分析技术对催化剂的组成、形貌、比表面积和带隙宽度等进行了表征.实验结果表明,表面活性剂对催化剂的形貌和催化活性有较大影响.在水热制备过...     

不同形貌Bi4Ti3O12粒子的可控合成及光催化性能

研究了用一步水热法制备的不同形貌的钛酸铋(Bi₄Ti₃O₁₂, BIT)粒子的光学和可见光催化性能, 并对其晶体结构和微观结构用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段进行了表征. XRD结果表明, 所制备的BIT 样品为层状钙钛矿结构. FESEM结果表明, 通过控制水热过程的反应参数可以得到不同形貌的纳米粒子. 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)表明BIT 样品的带隙能约为2.88-2.93 eV. 利用可见光(λ>420 nm)照射下的甲基橙(MO)降解实验评价了BIT 样品的光催化性能. 结果表明, BIT 的光催化活性比掺氮TiO₂ (N-TiO₂)高得多. 研究了形貌对BIT 光催化性能的影响. 所制备的BIT纳米带光催化效率最高, 经可见光照射360 min, 甲基橙溶液的降解率可达到95.0%.     

Formation of α-Fe2O3/FeOOH nanostructures with various morphologies by a hydrothermal route and their photocatalytic properties

A series of α-Fe₂O₃/FeOOH nanostructures with different morphologies have successfully been synthesized based on K₄[Fe(CN)₆] at 140 °C by a novel hydrothermal method. The morphology and phase of α-Fe₂O₃/FeOOH can be controlled by adjusting the reaction time. UV–vis absorption spectrum, X-ray powder diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy analyses were used to characterize the resulting products. A detailed, rational mechanism is proposed for the formation of α-Fe₂O₃/FeOOH nanostructures. The potential applications of the as-synthesized α-Fe₂O₃/FeOOH nanoparticles with different morphologies on photocatalytic decomposition of salicylic acid were also investigated.