包覆ZrO2锂离子筛的制备及其在盐湖卤水中的吸附性能

采用水热法制备前驱体Li_1.6Mn_1.6O₄,用液相沉淀法在其表面包覆ZrO₂,再经酸洗转型为包覆ZrO₂的锂离子筛H_1.6Mn_1.6O₄。采用XRD、SEM、EDS和HRTEM对前驱体的结构、形貌和成分进行了表征。研究了ZrO₂包覆量和焙烧温度对锰溶损率和锂吸附容量的影响。结果表明：当ZrO₂包覆量为3%,焙烧温度为450℃时,在前驱体表面形成厚度约15 nm的ZrO₂包覆层,首次锰溶损率从3.14%下降到2.65%,锂离子筛在盐湖卤水中锂吸附容量保持为29.4 mg·g^-1。包覆ZrO₂的锂离子筛经过10次循环吸附-脱附,锰溶损率降低至0.34%,锂吸附容量保持为24.4 mg·g^-1,高于未包覆的锂离子筛（22.9 mg·g^-1）。包覆ZrO₂改善了锂离子筛的结构和吸附容量的循环稳定性。     

工艺参数对o-LiMnO_2相纯度及Li_(1.6)Mn_(1.6)O_4合成的影响及作用（英文）

以MnSO_4,KMnO_4及LiOH为原料,经水热处理后得到LiMnO_2,再由固相焙烧得到尖晶石相Li_(1.6)Mn_(1.6)O_4,酸洗处理后得到锂离子筛。研究了水热温度,氧气和MnO_4~-/Mn~(2+)的物质的量之比(n_(MnO_4~-)∶n_(Mn~(2+)))对所得LiMnO_2的组成及相应前驱体Li_(1.6)Mn_(1.6)O_4酸处理中Mn溶损率的影响。开路电势测量及化学分析表明,氧气会参与反应。若按照理论氧化剂用量n_(MnO_4~-)∶n_(Mn~(2+))=1∶4进行水热反应会导致杂质Li_2MnO_3和LiMn_2O_4的生成。若控制水热温度为160℃,n_(MnO_4~-)∶n_(Mn~(2+))=1∶6时可得到纯相正交LiMnO_2(o-LiMnO_2)。所得离子筛在高镁锂比盐湖卤水中Li~+吸附容量可达42.87 mg·g~(-1),且对Li~+具有优异的选择吸附性并遵循化学吸附过程。经过5个循环后吸附容量保持在37.21 mg·g~(-1),锰溶损率降至0.34%。     

工艺参数对o-LiMnO2相纯度及Li1.6Mn1.6O4合成的影响及作用（英文）

以MnSO4,KMnO4及LiOH为原料,经水热处理后得到LiMnO2,再由固相焙烧得到尖晶石相Li1.6Mn1.6O4,酸洗处理后得到锂离子筛。研究了水热温度,氧气和MnO4-/Mn2+的物质的量之比(nMnO4∶nMn^2+)对所得LiMnO2的组成及相应前驱体Li1.6Mn1.6O4酸处理中Mn溶损率的影响。开路电势测量及化学分析表明,氧气会参与反应。若按照理论氧化剂用量nMonO4∶nMn^2+=1∶4进行水热反应会导致杂质Li2MnO3和LiMn2O4的生成。若控制水热温度为160℃,nMnO4∶nMn^2+=1∶6时可得到纯相正交LiMnO2(o-LiMnO2)。所得离子筛在高镁锂比盐湖卤水中Li+吸附容量可达42.87 mg·g^-1,且对Li+具有优异的选择吸附性并遵循化学吸附过程。经过5个循环后吸附容量保持在37.21 mg·g^-1,锰溶损率降至0.34%。     

ZrO_2包覆的层状富锂正极材料0.6Li[Li_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)]O_2·0.4LiNi_(5/12)Mn_(5/12)Co_(1/6)O_2的电化学性能

采用喷雾干燥法合成了富锂层状氧化物正极材料0.6Li[Li_(1/3)Mn_(2/3)]O2·0.4LiNi_(5/12)Mn_(5/12)Co_(1/6)O_2(简称LNMCO),并使用Zr(CH3COO)4进行ZrO_2的包覆改性。TEM测试结果显示纳米级的ZrO_2颗粒附着在LNMCO的表面。包覆质量分数为1.5%的ZrO_2包覆样品的首圈库伦效率和放电比容量有着显著提升,在室温下其首圈库伦效率和放电比容量(电流密度:20 m A·g-1,电压:2.0~4.8 V)分别为87.2%,279.3 m Ah·g-1,而原样则为75.1%,224.1 m Ah·g-1,循环100圈之后,1.5%ZrO_2包覆样品的放电比容量为248.3 m Ah·g-1,容量保持率为88.9%,高于原样的195.9 m Ah·g-1和87.4%。     

LiFePO_4包覆的Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2锂离子电池正极材料:增强的库伦效率和循环性能（英文）

采用简单水溶液法制备LiFePO_4包覆的Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2富锂正极材料,包覆后的材料分别经过400°C或500°C煅烧处理5 h。测试结果显示,400°C煅烧处理的包覆样品在0.1C(1C=300 mA?g~(-1))电流密度下充放电时,首次库仑效率可以高达91.9%,同时,首次放电比容量可达到295.0 mAh?g~(-1)。此外,该包覆样品还具有良好的循环性能,在1C电流密度下循环100次放电比容量仍可保持在206.7mAh?g~(-1)。进一步的研究发现LiFePO_4的包覆不仅可以提高Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2富锂材料的首次库仑效率和循环稳定性能,而且还能够有效抑制材料在充放电过程中的电压衰减。上述电化学性能的有效提升主要归因于LiFePO_4包覆层可以阻碍Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_2富锂材料与电解液之间的直接接触,减少副反应的发生,增强材料表面的结构稳定性,同时还可以为富锂材料提供额外的可逆容量。     

正庚烷造孔对球形锰钛复合锂离子筛吸附性能的影响

采用低温悬浮聚合造粒法,以苯乙烯为基体,以掺杂10%Li2Ti O3的Li1.6Mn1.6O4为原料,以正庚烷为造孔剂制备球形锂离子筛前驱体,经0.5 mol/L的HCl解析后得到球形锂离子筛。用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、原子吸收分光光度计对样品的形貌和吸附性能等进行表征,实验结果表明,加入苯乙烯体积的5%正庚烷后的锂离子筛呈球形,锂离子筛中的孔隙率明显增加,比表面积达到1.768 m2/g,锂离子筛锂吸附量达到最大值9 mg/g,相比不添加正庚烷的对照组锂吸附量增加28.8%。吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学模型,属于化学吸附。球形锂离子筛的循环性能较好,添加5%正庚烷锂离子筛循环吸附10次后,Mn平均单次溶损率为0.13%,Ti平均单次溶损率为0.028%。     

三维有序大孔尖晶石型Li1.6Mn1.6O4的制备及锂离子筛吸附特性

用LiNO3、Mn(Ac)2•4H2O和柠檬酸的混合溶液填充聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯胶体晶体模板, 在空气中氧化焙烧, 制备出三维有序大孔尖晶石型锂锰氧化物Li1.6Mn1.6O4. 前驱体经过0.1 mol/L盐酸脱锂后获得相应的三维有序大孔锂离子筛, 其大孔直径和孔壁厚度分别为240 nm和50 nm左右. XRD测试结果表明, Li1.6Mn1.6O4、锂离子筛和吸锂后的样品均保持尖晶石结构. 三维有序大孔材料呈现彼此连通的孔道空间, 缩短了Li+的平衡吸附时间, 前驱体脱锂率在80 ℃时达到95%, 而锰的溶损率在低于60 ℃时小于2.5%. 溶液温度对Li+的交换能力影响很大, 升高温度, Li+与H+的可逆交换程度增大, Li+的最大吸附容量为56.7 mg/g, 但处于锰16d八面体缺陷位置的氢难于被交换. pH滴定和分配系数(Kd)分析表明, 该固体酸在Li+, Na+和K+共存溶液中对Li+的吸附具有较高的选择性.     

LaF3包覆改性提升LiNi0.6 Co0.2 Mn0.2 O2正极材料电化学性能的研究

高镍LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_2正极材料因诸多优势,广泛应用于锂离子动力电池。进一步抑制材料不可逆相变,提升结构稳定性和电化学性能是材料大规模应用的关键。本文采用LaF_3包覆改性材料。测试结果表明,LaF_3包覆在材料表面形成了均匀的包覆层,且未改变材料的形貌和晶体结构。随包覆比例越大,包覆层越厚。LaF_3包覆材料具有较好的循环和倍率性能,这是由于LaF_3包覆层减少了脱锂态下材料对电解液的氧化,抑制了惰性层的形成,从而降低了循环过程中的阻抗。包覆比例为1. 0 wt%的材料性能较优,在3. 0～4. 3V电压范围、5. 0 C倍率下放电比容量为114. 3 mAh·g~(-1),较原材料(90. 5 mAh·g~(-1))提升显著;在3. 0～4. 6 V电压范围、1. 0 C倍率下循环100周之后,容量保持率可达84. 7%。     

LiMn_2O_4离子筛成型及锂吸附性能

采用PVC为粘结剂制备了LiMn_2O_4离子筛球型颗粒,分析了PVC添加量对离子筛吸附性能的影响,并通过扫描电境(SEM)、静态和动态连续锂吸附实验研究了PVC粘结剂对离子筛形貌和锂离子吸附性能的影响。结果表明,SMO-a、SMO-b和SMO-P样品的锂离子静态吸附数据与Lagergren方程吻合良好,吸附速率常数依次为1.03×10~(-5)、1.06×10~(-5)s~(-1)和9.72×10~(-6)s~(-1)SMO-a样品的静态饱和吸附量达到2.50 mmol·g~(-1),PVC造粒对离子筛的静态条件下的饱和吸附容量和吸附速率影响很小,但连续动态操作条件下SMO-a的吸附容量降低为1.11 mmol·g~(-1);经盐酸洗涤脱附后,Li~+最大富集倍数约为9。     

Al_2O_3包覆对Na_(0.44)MnO_2正极材料高温储钠性能的改善

Na_(0.44)MnO_2具有特殊的三维隧道结构和良好的化学稳定性,是一种理想的钠离子电池正极材料。本文研究了Na_(0.44)MnO_2正极材料的高温电化学性能,采用液相法对Na_(0.44)MnO_2正极材料进行Al_2O_3包覆改性,并通过电化学、形貌分析、结构分析、化学成分表征等方法研究Al_2O_3包覆的改性机制。结果表明:Al_2O_3包覆层有效地隔离了Na_(0.44)MnO_2与电解液的直接接触,缓解了高温下锰的溶解,从而维持了稳定的电极/溶液界面结构。Na_(0.44)MnO_2@Al_2O_3在55°C下的电化学性能相比未包覆Na_(0.44)MnO_2有显著提升:循环100次后容量保持率达79.2%,远高于未包覆的66.5%;在10C (1C=120 mAh·g~(-1))的大电流密度下放电比容量达到63.6 mAh·g~(-1),而未包覆的仅有12.3 mAh·g~(-1)。     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.