共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 150 毫秒
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V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO_2的光吸收特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用V2O5和乙醇作为V掺杂TiO2的滴加液,运用溶胶-凝胶方法制备了不同浓度的V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的薄膜样品.对这些样品进行了紫外-可见透射光谱实验,发现V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的光谱响应范围向可见光区域移动,掺杂浓度为1.0%(摩尔分数)时红移效果最明显.此外,运用第一性原理,对V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构进行了研究,并运用能带结构理论对实验现象进行了解释.研究中发现:在V掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2后,随着V浓度的增加,TiO2的禁带宽度逐渐减小,光谱响应范围扩大,能提高它的可见光响应;但是由于掺杂后价带与导带比较接近,容易形成新的空穴-电子复合中心,以及导带区域V3d轨道上电子与Ti3d轨道上的电子强关联作用也会降低电子的还原性,所以V浓度的增加会使TiO2的光催化性能降低.理论上计算出在V掺杂浓度为6.25%(摩尔分数)时,TiO2的光吸收边红移最大,与实验得到的变化趋势相吻合. 相似文献
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采用浸渍法对TiO2纳米管电极进行Zn2+、Fe3+、Cu2+离子的掺杂改性,并进行了各种性能表征.扫描电镜(SEM)及X射线衍射光谱(XRD)结果表明,金属离子掺杂后的TiO2纳米管电极依然保持了良好的表面形态及锐钛矿晶型,纳米管的直径为60-100 nm,其晶面主要为101面;可见紫外漫反射光谱(DRS)分析表明,进行掺杂的TiO2纳米管电极的光学性质有不同程度的改变,Zn2+、Fe3+和Cu2+掺杂的TiO2纳米管电极的禁带宽度分别为3.37 eV3、.14 eV、2.86 eV.这表明掺Cu2+的TiO2纳米管电极的吸收边带发生了明显的红移. 相似文献
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多孔硅电致发光随时间淬灭伴随的峰位红移现象 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文着重研究了多孔硅在阴极偏压下过硫酸铵溶液中电压调制的电致发光现象。发现在定电压下,随极化时间的增长电 光强度减小并伴随着光谱红移现象。通过红外,发现在定电压下,随极化时间的增长电致发光强度减小并伴着光谱红移现象。通过红外,拉曼,AFM及光电化学等手段对电致发光的淬灭机制进行了研究,结果表明,在电 光过程中强氧化剂向多孔硅注入空穴使PS表面氧化,导致小粒径的硅晶逐渐被剥落,造成光谱高能部分首先淬 相似文献
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N掺杂TiO_2纳米粒子表面光生电荷特性与光催化活性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以尿素为氮源,采用水热法制备了不同N掺杂量的TiO2(N-TiO2)光催化剂.利用X射线衍射(XRD),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS),X射线光电子能谱(XPS)及荧光(PL)光谱等技术对其进行了系统的表征.以罗丹明B(RhB)和甲基橙(MO)溶液的脱色降解为模型反应,分别考察了N-TiO2光催化剂在紫外和可见光区的光催化活性.利用表面光伏(SPV)和瞬态光伏(TPV)技术研究了N-TiO2纳米粒子表面光生电荷的产生和传输机制,并探讨了光生电荷与光催化活性之间的关系.结果显示,随着N含量的增大,TiO2表面光伏响应阈值红移,可见光部分光电压响应强度逐渐增强,瞬态光伏响应达到最大值的时间亦有着不同程度的延迟.这表明适量的N掺杂能够提高TiO2纳米粒子中光生载流子的分离效率,相应地延长载流子的传输时间,增加光生电荷的寿命,从而促进其光催化活性;而过量的N掺杂则增加了TiO2纳米粒子中光生载流子的复合中心,抑制其光催化活性. 相似文献
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非金属元素掺杂纳米二氧化钛 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
二氧化钛在光电转化、光催化等众多领域具有重要的应用价值,但较宽的禁带宽度和较低的电子传递效率导致其光利用率较低。离子掺杂和纳米化是改变其能带结构、提高电子传输能力的有效策略,根据掺杂离子的性质,可分为金属离子掺杂和非金属元素掺杂。与传统二氧化钛相比,纳米二氧化钛具有特殊的表面效应和粒度效应,其化学活性、耐热性等都强于传统二氧化钛。本文主要对非金属元素掺杂纳米二氧化钛的研究进行评述,包括IIIA、IVA、VA、VIA、VIIA族元素的单一元素掺杂以及和金属或非金属元素共掺杂,重点介绍了纳米二氧化钛的非金属掺杂与其能带结构、可见光响应和光催化性能之间的关系及其应用情况,并对其未来的发展趋势进行了展望。 相似文献
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Silver sensitized titanium vanadium mixed Ag/TiV oxide photocatalyst was synthesized using sol-gel technique. The catalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM, EDAX, HRTEM, UV-DRS, XPS, and PL analysis which reveal the formation of a predominantly rutile mixed phase nanoparticles of 25-30 nm crystallite size. The catalyst showed a marked red-shift in the absorption spectrum compared to Degussa P25. It exhibited a remarkable enhancement in the visible light photocatalytic activity in inactivating Escherichia coli, a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium, too. The conclusions are supported by a comparison with an identically synthesized TiV oxide sample. A microbicidal photonic efficiency (MPE) has been defined and a method for its determination has been proposed to facilitate quantification of the performance of the photocatalyst and the disinfection system taking into account the response of the catalyst to the radiation intensity. 相似文献
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Ti掺杂SnO2固溶体是钛基氧化物耐酸阳极的重要组成部分. 采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对Sn1-xTixO2(x=0, 1/12, 1/8, 1/6, 1/4, 1/2, 3/4, 5/6)固溶体的电子结构进行计算, 分析了能带结构、 电子态密度和电荷密度以及晶格参数的变化. 结果表明, Ti掺入SnO2晶格后, 其晶格参数随组分增加近似呈直线降低, Ti-O键的共价性强于Sn-O键. 掺杂后带隙仍为直接带隙, 且随着掺杂比例的增加, 带隙逐渐减小. 当掺杂比例x=0.5时, 形成能达到最低值(-6.11 eV), 固溶体最稳定. 本文的计算结果为钛基氧化物电极材料的研究与开发提供了一定的理论依据. 相似文献
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Is the band gap of pristine TiO(2) narrowed by anion- and cation-doping of titanium dioxide in second-generation photocatalysts? 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Serpone N 《The journal of physical chemistry. B》2006,110(48):24287-24293
Second-generation TiO(2)-(x)D(x) photocatalysts doped with either anions (N, C, and S mostly) or cations have recently been shown to have their absorption edge red-shifted to lower energies (longer wavelengths), thus enhancing photonic efficiencies of photoassisted surface redox reactions. Some of the studies have proposed that this red-shift is caused by a narrowing of the band gap of pristine TiO(2) (e.g., anatase, E(bg) = 3.2 eV; absorption edge ca. 387 nm), while others have suggested the appearance of intragap localized states of the dopants. By contrast, a recent study by Kuznetsov and Serpone (J. Phys. Chem. B, in press) has proposed that the commonality in all these doped titanias rests with formation of oxygen vacancies and the advent of color centers (e.g., F, F(+), F(++), and Ti(3+)) that absorb the visible light radiation. This article reexamines the various claims and argues that the red-shift of the absorption edge is in fact due to formation of the color centers, and that while band gap narrowing is not an unknown occurrence in semiconductor physics it does necessitate heavy doping of the metal oxide semiconductor, thereby producing materials that may have completely different chemical compositions from that of TiO(2) with totally different band gap electronic structures. 相似文献
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Pt、N共掺杂TiO2在可见光下对三氯乙酸的催化降解作用 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了氮掺杂纳米TiO2(N-TiO2), 并用光分解沉积法在N-TiO2表面负载微量金属Pt(0.5%(w)), 形成铂-氮共掺杂纳米TiO2(Pt/N-TiO2). 实验结果表明, Pt 、N共掺杂纳米TiO2紫外可见光吸收边带较纳米TiO2红移约20 nm, 并在400~500 nm处有弱的吸收. Pt/N-TiO2电极在可见光区的光电流约为纳米TiO2电极的6倍. 以Pt/N-TiO2为催化剂, 催化三氯乙酸(TCA)光降解反应, 室温下经可见光照射2 h后TCA降解率约为8%. N掺杂减小了TiO2的禁带能隙, 使它在可见光区具有光催化活性, 适量Pt掺杂抑制了光生载流子的复合, 加速了电子界面传递速度, Pt、N共掺杂使两种效应相结合, 进一步提高了光催化反应性能. 相似文献
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We have synthesized a series of cyclopentadithiophene-benzochalcogenodiazole donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers, wherein a single atom in the benzochalcogenodiazole unit is varied from sulfur to selenium to tellurium, which allows us to explicitly study sulfur to selenium to tellurium substitution in D-A copolymers for the first time. The synthesis of S- and Se-containing polymers is straightforward; however, Te-containing polymers must be prepared by postpolymerization single atom substitution. All of the polymers have the representative dual-band optical absorption profile, consisting of both a low- and high-energy optical transition. Optical spectroscopy reveals that heavy atom substitution leads to a red-shift in the low-energy transition, while the high-energy band remains relatively constant in energy. The red-shift in the low-energy transition leads to optical band gap values of 1.59, 1.46, and 1.06 eV for the S-, Se-, and Te-containing polymers, respectively. Additionally, the strength of the low-energy band decreases, while the high-energy band remains constant. These trends cannot be explained by the present D and A theory where optical properties are governed exclusively by the strength of D and A units. A series of optical spectroscopy experiments, solvatochromism studies, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and time-dependent DFT calculations are used to understand these trends. The red-shift in low-energy absorption is likely due to both a decrease in ionization potential and an increase in bond length and decrease in acceptor aromaticity. The loss of intensity of the low-energy band is likely the result of a loss of electronegativity and the acceptor unit's ability to separate charge. Overall, in addition to the established theory that difference in electron density of the D and A units controls the band gap, single atom substitution at key positions can be used to control the band gap of D-A copolymers. 相似文献
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A tungsten oxide-based photoelectrocatalyst for degradation of environmental contaminants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Donald E. Macphee Daniel Rosenberg Matt G. Skellern Richard P. Wells John A. Duffy Kenneth S. Killham 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2011,15(1):99-103
The use of photocatalysts in the remediation of contaminated water is now well established in the scientific literature, the
most common photocatalyst being nano-dimensional particulate titanium dioxide. The generation of charge and charge transfer
mechanisms on titanium dioxide are also well described, but this paper addresses the use of tungsten oxide and discusses its
potential in water remediation when supported as a photoelectrocatalytic electrode. A photoelectrocatalytic cell is described
and its performance in the context of the band structure of tungsten oxide is discussed. 相似文献
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Della Gaspera E Karg M Baldauf J Jasieniak J Maggioni G Martucci A 《Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids》2011,27(22):13739-13747
In this work, we provide a detailed study of the influence of thermal annealing on submonolayer Au nanoparticle deposited on functionalized surfaces as standalone films and those that are coated with sol-gel NiO and TiO(2) thin films. The systems are characterized through the use of UV-vis absorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The surface plasmon resonance peak of the Au nanoparticles was found to red-shift and increase in intensity with increasing surface coverage, an observation that is directly correlated to the complex refractive index properties of Au nanoparticle layers. The standalone Au nanoparticles sinter at 200 °C, and a relationship between the optical properties and the annealing temperature is presented. When overcoated with sol-gel metal oxide films (NiO, TiO(2)), the optical properties of the Au nanoparticles are strongly affected by the metal oxide, resulting in an intense red shift and broadening of the plasmon band; moreover, the temperature-driven sintering is strongly limited by the metal oxide layer. Optical sensing tests for ethanol vapor are presented as one possible application, showing reversible sensing dynamics and confirming the effect of Au nanoparticles in increasing the sensitivity and in providing a wavelength dependent response, thus confirming the potential use of such materials as optical probes. 相似文献