对称电场催化增强甲烷转化合成C_2研究(英文)

利用电场作用通过交流和直流等离子体在低温、常压和低功率下催化反应将甲烷直接转化为碳二烃（乙烷、乙烯、乙炔）。考察了在对称电场作用下催化剂的催化性能。实验结果表明,在交流电场作用下,碳二烃选择性差别不大;甲烷转化率的大小顺序为： ＭｎＯ_２／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＞Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＞ＭｏＯ_３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＞Ａｌ２Ｏ３＞Ｎｉ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＞ＭｏＯ_３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＞Ｎｉ／ＮａＹ＞Ｐｄ／ＺＳＭ－５＞Ｎｉ／Ｈ４Ｍｇ２Ｓｉ３Ｏ４＞Ｎｉ／ＺＳＭ－５＞Ｃｏ／ＺＳＭ－５＞无催化剂：在直流电场作用下,碳二烃选择性差别也不大（除Ｎｉ／ＮａＹ外）,甲烷转化率的大小顺序为： Ｎｉ／Ａ１２Ｏ３＞Ｎｉ／Ｈ４Ｍｇ２Ｓｉ３Ｏ４＞Ｎｉ／ＺＳＭ－５＞Ｃｏ／ＺＳＭ－５＞ＭｎＯ２／Ａ１２Ｏ３＞ＭｏＯ３／Ａ１２Ｏ３＞Ｎｉ／ＮａＹ＞无催化剂＞Ｐｄ／ＺＳＭ－５。     

镧改性铁催化剂的TPR技术和MES法研究

对负载Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ｌａ２Ｏ３－γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂的ＴＰＲ，ＭＥＳ方法的研究表明，氧化镧对γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的改性，增强了活性组分同载体的相互作用，并使Ｆｅ２Ｏ３－Ｌａ２Ｏ３－γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂在还原过程中稳定了亚铁离子相，在Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ－Ｔｒｏｐｓｃｈ合成反应未检测到碳化物相的生成。     

以ZrO2-Al2O3为载体的Co-Mo-K耐硫水煤气变换催化剂

采用沉淀法和浸渍法分别制备了ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合载体和Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ耐硫变换催化剂。研究了ＺｒＯ２对Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ面硫变换催化剂活性及热稳定性的影响。利用ＸＲＤ、ＢＥＴ、ＴＧ、ＸＰＳ等手段对催化剂及其载体的结构、吸硫吸水性能和氧化还原性能进行了表征。结果表明以ＺｒＯ２－Ａｌ２Ｏ３代替传统的γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３作为Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ－Ｋ耐硫变换催化剂的载体,可提高催化剂的活性,尤其是低温活性,并可改善催化剂的     

TiO2调变对MoO3／γ—Al2O3和CoO—MoO3／γ—Al2O3表面结构及还原 …

采用气相流动吸附法制ＴｉＯ２／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，复合载体，浸渍法担载一定量ＭｏＯ３或ＣｏＯ－ＭｏＯ３，用ＸＲＤ，ＬＲＳ和ＴＰＲ等技术考察了Ｍｏ或Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ催化剂的表面结构和还原性能。结果表明，覆盖在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上的ＴｉＯ２能减弱ＭｏＯ３与γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３之间的相互作用，明显改善Ｍｏ催化剂的表面结构，促进ＭｏＯ３的还原。     

TiO_2调变对MoO_3/γ-Al_2O_3和CoO-MoO_3/γ-Al_2O_3表面结构及还原性能的影响

采用气相流动吸附法制ＴｉＯ２／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，复合载体，浸渍法担载一定量ＭｏＯ３或ＣｏＯ－ＭｏＯ３，用ＸＲＤ，ＬＲＳ和ＴＰＲ等技术考察了Ｍｏ或Ｃｏ－Ｍｏ催化剂的表面结构和还原性能。结果表明，覆盖在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上的ＴｉＯ２能减弱ＭｏＯ３与γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３之间的相互作用，明显改善Ｍｏ催化剂的表面结构，促进ＭｏＯ３的还原。适量ＣｏＯ助剂的加入能促进ＭｏＯ３在载体表面的分散。     

负载型La0.8Sr0.2MnO3燃烧催化剂的载体效应

用浸渍法制备负载型Ｌａ_（０．８）Ｓｒ_（０．２）Ｍｎｏ_３燃烧催化剂,比较了γ－ＡＩ_２Ｏ_３、α－ＡＩ_２Ｏ_３、堇青石（２ＭｇＯ·２Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３、５ＳｉＯ_２）和ＺｒＯ_2四种载体的负载效果．用ＸＲＤ,ＤＰＲ着重研究了γ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３载体上由于负载量不同、焙烧温度不同引起的催化剂物相变化和二甲苯完全氧化的催化活性变化．     

ZrO2对Mn—O／γ—Al2O3催化剂中表面氧性能的影响

用ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ和ＴＰＲ技术研究了Ｍｎ－Ｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｍｎ－Ｏ／ＺｒＯ＋γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂中表面氧的脱附、还原性能和再生氧化恢复性能，并用ＸＲＤ对催化剂的固相结构进行了表征。结果表明，Ｍｎ－Ｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３或Ｍｎ－Ｏ／ＺｒＯ２＋γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上存在ＭｎＯ２、Ｍｎ２Ｏ３和少量Ｍｎ３Ｏ４物种。ＺｒＯ２的存在不影响Ｍｎ－Ｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３的ＴＰＲ的ＴＰＤ的特征峰，但使ＭｎＯ２的量明显增加，     

Cu/ZrO2-Al2O3上表面氧物种脱附及其对催化性能的影响

采用ＸＲＤ,ＴＰＤ－ＭＳ和ＴＰＲ方法研究了ＺｒＯ２的改性对ＣｕＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上铜物种人散状态,表面氧物种的脱附和恢复性能,铜物种还原再氧行为的影响,并ＣＯ氧化反应为探针考察了催化剂的氧化活性,结果表明,ＺｒＯ２的存在的铜物种在γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体上的分散容量降低,促进ＣｕＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂上表面氧物种的脱附,同时有效地促进铜物种的还原,从而增加ＣＯ的氧化活性,实验还发现热处理条件对催     

微量贵金属对Co／γ-Al_2O_3的作用及其结构表征Ⅰ．Co－M／γ－Al_2O_3催化剂的活性及其XRD和XPS表征

催化剂采用等量浸渍法，先后将Ｃｏ与贵金属组分浸于γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上，经５００℃焙烧，４５０℃氢气还原制得（ｍＣｏ３Ｏ４／ｍＡｌ２Ｏ３＝０．０８，ｍ贵金属／ｍ催化剂＝１／１０００）．ＣＯ氧化活性的测定结果表明，贵金属Ｐｔ和Ｐｄ与Ｃｏ之间具有明显的协同催化作用，而Ｒｈ与Ｃｏ的协同作用较差．在Ｃｏ－Ｐｔ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｃｏ－Ｐｄ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上，ＣＯ１００％转化的温度较在Ｃｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上下降了约６０℃，而在Ｃｏ－Ｒｈ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３上仅下降了２５℃左右．ＸＲＤ和ＸＰＳ的表征结果表明，Ｃｏ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３中Ｃｏ以高分散的金属Ｃｏ相和类似ＣｏＡｌ２Ｏ４的尖晶石相存在，而Ｃｏ－Ｍ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３（Ｍ＝Ｐｔ，Ｐｄ，Ｒｈ）催化剂中，Ｃｏ相已完全被还原为零价．高分散的金属钴相和贵金属相的协同作用，可能与氧从贵金属至Ｃｏ相上的溢流效应有关．     

助剂MgO对Pd／γ—Al2O3催化剂上CO氧化反应的作用

以ＣＯ氧化为模型反应,考察了Ｐｄ／γ－ Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 体系中以不同方式加入ＭｇＯ 对催化剂性能的影响,结果证实助剂ＭｇＯ能较大幅度提高Ｐｄ／γ－ Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 对ＣＯ 氧化反应的催化活性。ＭｇＯ能均匀地分散于γ－ Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 上,使ＣＯ的起燃温度降低达４４℃。对样品的ＸＲＤ、ＴＰＲ、ＸＰＳ及氧吸附等表征结果表明,共浸型的Ｐｄ－ ＭｇＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 体系具有最高的Ｐｄ 分散度;分浸型的Ｐｄ－ ＭｇＯ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 体系Ｐｄ 分散度亦高于Ｐｄ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３ ,且能提高催化剂表面活性Ｐｄ 的含量。表面ＭｇＯ对氧的浓缩作用有利于ＣＯ 的氧化。并讨论了助剂ＭｇＯ与Ｐｄ 的协同作用对其活性的影响     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.