不同品种环保橡胶填充油对乳聚丁苯橡胶性能影响研究

通过使用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、橡胶加工分析仪(RPA)和动态压缩生热仪测试,分别研究了采用国内外不同品种的环保型橡胶填充油所制备的乳聚丁苯橡胶的热性能、动态力学性能以及动态压缩生热性能,并与非环保型丁苯橡胶SBR1712及环保型丁苯橡胶SBR1723进行了对比。结果表明,采用环保型芳烃油(TDAE)所制备的乳聚丁苯橡胶损耗因子最大,生热稍高于其它品种环保油;采用克拉玛依石化环保型环烷油(AP-10)所制备的乳聚丁苯橡胶动态压缩生热性能最好。     

木质素补强乳聚丁苯橡胶研究进展

阐述了木质素补强乳聚丁苯橡胶的原理及方法,原理包括木质素可与橡胶发生接枝反应、木质素可与橡胶形成芳香氢键、木质素与金属离子形成木质素-金属螯合物,补强方法包括混炼工艺、共沉工艺等;综述了木质素补强乳聚丁苯橡胶的国内外研究进展,木质素可以很好地改善橡胶的物理力学性能,如提高胶料的硬度、拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、300%定伸应力、撕裂强度和耐热老化等性能。最后,对木质素在橡胶工业中的应用做了展望。     

纳米二氧化硅负载型橡胶助剂的制备及其应用

橡胶助剂在使用过程中易发生迁移、挥发,造成喷霜,从而带来环境污染,这是传统橡胶助剂长期存在的普遍问题.通过在纳米二氧化硅表面负载传统小分子助剂可有效改善喷霜问题,同时有利于橡胶物理机械性能的提高.本文中我们通过调整制备工艺条件,将N-环己基-2-苯并噻唑次磺酰胺(促进剂CZ)接枝到纳米二氧化硅表面,制备了DNS-CZ系列负载型橡胶助剂,并研究了负载型橡胶助剂对溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶(SSBR/BR)体系硫化性能和物理机械性能的影响.     

高填充量碳纳米管/丁苯粉末橡胶机械混炼的物理化学机制

将用喷雾干燥法制备的碳纳米管(CNTs)/丁苯粉末橡胶复合材料在开炼机上机械混炼, 考察机械混炼对复合材料常规力学性能的影响, 并对机械混炼对CNTs增强丁苯橡胶复合材料力学性能的影响进行相应的理论研究和机理分析. 结果表明, 与混炼前的复合材料相比, 机械混炼有效地提高了CNTs/丁苯橡胶复合材料的力学性能, 特别是当CNTs加入量较大时, 提高幅度更为显著, 与填充传统补强剂CB复合材料相比, 具有较大的优势. 这是因为机械混炼一方面使CNTs在橡胶基体中获得了更为充分均匀的分散; 另一方面, 混炼过程中产生的自由基以及巨大的剪切力, 使得CNTs与橡胶基体间界面结合如物理吸附、氢键作用、化学结合等得到了进一步增强, 提高了CNTs/丁苯橡胶复合材料的结合橡胶含量, 更好地发挥了CNTs对丁苯橡胶的补强效应, 从而提高了复合材料的拉伸强度和撕裂强度等力学性能. CNTs补强丁苯橡胶复合材料力学性能的机理符合“强键和弱键学说”.     

双烯类液体橡胶的研发进展

液体橡胶作为合成橡胶的重要种类,是室温下能流动的橡胶材料。本文介绍了液体橡胶的性能特点及分类,着重阐述了双烯类液体橡胶即液体聚丁二烯橡胶、液体丁腈橡胶、液体异戊橡胶、液体丁苯橡胶和液体氯丁橡胶的结构特征、性能特点及主要用途,并进一步探讨了它们的研发、生产和使用情况。液体橡胶便于实现生产连续化和自动化,且加工方便,顺应时代发展的"低碳"潮流。从产品种类、牌号,应用范围等方面对今后的发展提出了建议。     

橡胶再生用解交联助剂研究进展

开发高效、低能耗、环境友好的橡胶再生方法对橡胶工业的绿色可持续发展具有重要意义。其中,废旧橡胶再生用解交联化学助剂的选择尤为关键。本文介绍了橡胶的再生机理,并根据作用机理分类,将解交联助剂归纳为自由基类、亲核类、相转移催化类、烯烃复分解类、催化类与氧化类等6类,总结了各类助剂的作用机理及研究进展,并讨论了其应用技术瓶颈。最后,展望了废旧橡胶再生利用面临的挑战和未来发展方向。     

由松节油合成橡胶

一、引言橡胶是现代工业不可缺少的原料。飞机、汽车、电缆、国防等工业与日常生活用品都需要它。1958年全世界合成及天然橡胶产量已达到三百万吨,现代科学的进展,已经合成了许多具有弹性的高聚物,如丁苯橡胶,氯丁橡胶,丁腈橡胶,异丁橡胶,聚硫橡胶等等;但它们的分子结构都与天然橡胶不同,在全面的通用性能上还不能完全代替天然橡胶。因此,与天然橡胶同一结构的合成橡胶的合成工作,多少年来成为高分子     

橡胶-填料相互作用对丁苯橡胶/白炭黑复合材料性能的影响

本文研究了硅烷偶联剂原位改性白炭黑对溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)性能的影响,结果表明,通过哈克转矩流变仪对含有偶联剂的SSBR/白炭黑混炼胶进行原位热处理后可明显减弱混炼胶的Payne效应,改善白炭黑在橡胶基体中的分散.原位热处理方法能够明显提高硫化胶的300%定伸应力,降低动态压缩温升,同时可使硫化胶在0℃附近具有较高的损耗因子(tanδ),60℃附近具有较低的tanδ.对不同聚合方式得到的丁苯橡胶,即溶聚丁苯橡胶与乳聚丁苯橡胶(ESBR)/白炭黑复合材料的力学性能及动态力学性能进行了研究,结果表明,白炭黑在SSBR2305中分散效果优于在ESBR1502中;采用偶联剂原位改性白炭黑可以使SSBR2305硫化胶获得与ESBR1502硫化胶相当的物理机械性能,更理想的动态力学性能,从而得到力学性能、抗湿滑性、滚动阻力及耐磨性更加均衡的理想轮胎材料.通过对具有不同偶联效率的SSBR/白炭黑体系的微观结构与性能研究发现,随偶联效率的增加,其结合橡胶含量增加,Payne效应减弱;高偶联效率的S-SBR具有较低的动态压缩温升及较好的耐磨性.     

我国丁腈橡胶产业发展现状及未来发展趋势

概述了全球丁腈橡胶(NBR)的产能等状况,分析了我国NBR的产能、产量及消费现状,介绍了我国主要NBR生产厂家的产品结构和价格变化等情况。从环保型NBR开发、三元共聚NBR、氢化丁腈橡胶(HNBR)产品开发、乳液聚合动力学基础研究、NBR在线监测技术发展及国内NBR在关键技术进步、聚合工艺改进和新产品开发等几个方面介绍了国内外NBR生产技术的最新进展,并展望了我国未来NBR的市场及技术发展趋势。紧密联系市场,优化聚合反应配方,改进生产工艺,提高过程控制水平,研发高性能NBR的新牌号,绿色环保化生产及提高产品服务质量是增强NBR产品市场竞争力的重要举措。     

包覆重钙粉为填充剂的橡胶加工及性能

重钙粉作为填充剂被广泛应用于橡胶加工过程,但由于其表面具有极性,分散性较差,导致与橡胶材料界面结合较差,影响了橡胶产品的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率等力学性能。 本文采用沉淀法,在CaCl₂-H₂O-NH₃-CO₂体系中生成碳酸钙直接结晶于重钙粉颗粒表面,实现对重钙粉的表面包覆,将n(CaCl₂)：n(重钙粉)=1：100、5：100、10：100的包覆重钙粉填充到天然橡胶和再生胶中,橡胶的力学性能与填充未包覆重钙粉的橡胶相比有了一定的提升。 通过比较,在填充量较大(8.5%、15%)时,包覆重钙粉橡胶产品在硬度、定伸应力等力学性能上要好于轻钙粉橡胶产品;在填充量(5%、8.5%)时,包覆重钙粉橡胶产品的抗拉强度、断裂伸长率接近于白炭黑,硬度高于白炭黑橡胶产品。     

苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元集成橡胶的合成、表征及性能研究

以正丁基锂为引发剂、环己烷-己烷混合溶剂为溶剂,采用二元结构调节剂,对S-SIBR(溶液苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯共聚物)三元共聚进行了研究,考察了不同单体含量,以及苯乙烯微嵌段含量对SIBR性能的影响.在500 L全流程中试装置中采用湿法充油技术批量制备了充油型集成橡胶,对充油集成橡胶的结构、性能以及在轮胎中的应用进行了研究.结果表明,充油型SIBR的混炼行为、硫化速度、机械性能、滚动损失及抗湿滑性能均较优异,机械性能完全符合轮胎胎面胶的性能要求,并且具有优异的抗湿滑性和滚动阻力,是一种理想的轮胎胎面材料.     

生物矿化纳米结构材料与植物硅营养

本文在介绍了生物矿化纳米结构材料化学研究发展的基础上, 着重阐述以细胞膜和细胞壁为模板合成组装纳米尺寸SiO 2 的化学过程。这些生物矿化SiO 2 纳米结构材料研究不仅为近代纳米化学提供了有益启示, 同时也对阐明Si 营养提高植物抗环境胁迫机理有重要参考价值。     

Use of SPE-GC/EIMS for residue analysis in wine elaborated from musts spiked with formulations of chlorpyriphos-methyl, methiocarb, dicofol, and cyproconazol

The likely presence in wine of residues of the active ingredient and its degradation products, besides the byproducts and excipients of the commercial formulation, has been investigated for four pesticides. Formulations containing chlorpyriphos-methyl, methiocarb, dicofol, and cyproconazol were added to must, which was subjected to a usual vinification. The wines elaborated from must spiked with the formulation of chlorpyriphos-methyl contained two pyridinol compounds in addition to excipients such as alkylbenzenes, naphthalene, and methylnaphthalenes. Methiocarb was hydrolyzed to yield the corresponding phenol, and various unidentified compounds related to cyproconazol were observed in wine. The residues of the dicofol-containing formulation resulted to be dechlorination products; impurities from its commercial formulation were also detected in must and wine extracts. White wines contained higher amounts of residues than red wines. The residues were detected after an SPE followed by GC/EIMS in the scan mode. The concentrations of the active ingredients were determined by a matrix-matched calibration to avoid quantitative errors arising from the matrix.     

A Highly Efficient Tandem Knoevenagel/Michael Reaction Using Mohr’s Salt Hexahydrate as a Green and Powerful Catalyst: Selective Synthesis of Benzylpyrazolocoumarins on Water

In this work, new, efficient, and environmentally adapted synthesis of benzylpyrazolocoumarins in one‐pot is introduced. From tri‐component reaction of a wide range of aryl aldehydes, 4‐hydroxycoumarin, and 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one on water, benzylpyrazolocoumarins with good to excellent yields in a green procedure were synthesized. The highly efficient role of ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate (Mohr’s salt) as a new green catalyst in this synthesis is obviously demonstrated. This novel procedure is an effective, cheap and environmentally adapted route to the synthesis of benzylpyrazolocoumarin derivatives. The crude products recrystallized to afford the crystalline pure product. This novel procedure has some advantages such as high efficiency, simplicity, high rate and environmental safety.     

Electrochemical deposition of thin films of green rusts 1 and 2 on inert gold substrate

Green rusts are layered Fe(II)–Fe(III) hydroxy-salts that play an important role in iron corrosion, soil chemistry, and environmental engineering. Successful electrochemical depositions of thin layers of green rusts incorporating anions such as carbonate or chloride (GRs1) or sulphate (GR2) on gold substrate are presented. As far as we know, it is the first time that such synthesis has been reported. The thin layers of green rusts were characterized by ex situ methods such as XRD, SEM, EDS and FTIR. This new way of synthesis allowed us to get green rust particles with sizes significantly larger than those obtained from the ways reported until now.     

Effect of structure of oil-extended polypropylene on its thermooxidation

The thermooxidative behavior of isotactic PP in the presence of ethylene-propylene oil was studied. The rate curves of oxygen uptake by oil-extended PP have the S-shaped pattern characteristic of chain oxidation with the degenerate branching of kinetic chains. The introduction of oil into the polymer lowers its oxidation rate. It was found that the mechanism of oxidation of oil-extended PP depends on the oil content and the sample cooling mode. By means of X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and IR spectroscopy, the structural and thermophysical parameters of oil-extended PP were determined. It was found that the cooling conditions and the oil content of the specimens have an effect on the structure of amorphous and crystalline regions, thereby affecting the PP thermooxidation kinetics. The influence of the phase state of the system on the reactivity of oil-extended PP is considered.     

Nano titania-supported sulfonic acid catalyzed synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones and of their xanthene derivatives under solvent-free conditions

An efficient, rapid and green synthesis of α,α′-bis(substituted-benzylidene)cycloalkanones and their xanthene derivatives is reported under solvent-free conditions using nano titania-supported sulfonic acid (n-TSA) as a reusable catalyst. This method offers many advantages, such as environmental friendliness reaction conditions, simplicity, short reaction times, easy work-up, reusability of catalyst, and high yields of products. Eight new compounds are reported too.     

A review on the green synthesis of hierarchically porous zeolite

Conventional bottom-up and top-down methods for synthesizing hierarchical zeolite have led to complicated economic and environmental issues due to the requirement of expensive and hazardous organic molecules, the large amount of acid/base solution, high energy, and expensive starting materials. Besides, the bottom-up method through the hydrothermal crystallization evokes safety issues due to the high autogenous pressure. Accordingly, considerable efforts have been made to develop green route synthesis of hierarchical zeolite by eliminating the use of a solvent (solvent-free), utilizing sustainable starting materials and green secondary template (mesoporogen), as well as eliminating the use of mesoporogen (mesoporogen-free). Other routes, including recycling of mother liquor, steam-assisted conversion, gel-like-solid phase method, and silanization, are also elaborated, as they are reported to promote a green and facile approach for the synthesis of hierarchical zeolites. In this review, we provide recent progress on the development of the green synthesis of hierarchically porous zeolite.     

Modern developments in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-based environmental analysis

Gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC–MS) continues to play an important role in the identification and quantification of organic contaminants in environmental samples. GC–MS is one of the most attractive and powerful techniques for routine analysis of some ubiquitous organic pollutants due to its good sensitivity and high selectivity and versatility. This paper presents an overview of recent developments and applications of the GC–MS technique in relation to the analysis in environmental samples of known persistent pollutants and some emerging contaminants. The use of different mass analysers such as linear quadrupole, quadrupole ion-trap, double-focusing sectors and time-of-flight analysers is examined. The advantages and limitations of GC–MS methods for selected applications in the field of environmental analysis are discussed. Recent developments in field-portable GC–MS are also examined.