液体聚异戊二烯的合成与应用研究进展

固态橡胶具有较高的分子量、强度及伸长率,在工业和日常生活中均得到广泛应用.然而,固态橡胶黏度较高,在应用中往往必须引入添加剂.而液体聚异戊二烯是一种液态橡胶,可以作为固态橡胶的软化剂;得益于其特殊的形态和性能,液体聚异戊二烯可望在多方面得到应用.对液体聚异戊二烯的合成与应用进行了评述.     

橡胶补强填料的研究进展

随着汽车行业的发展,在"安全、环保和节能"方面,对轮胎的性能提出了更高的要求,因此对轮胎原料—橡胶的补强研究越来越多。本文详细介绍了补强填料补强橡胶的机理、补强填料的分类及改性途径,概述了传统补强填料炭黑、白炭黑及炭黑/白炭黑双向填料的性能和研究现状,综述了新型补强填料硅酸盐类、碳酸盐类及其它常用新型种类和性能,指出新型填料拓展了橡胶补强技术和功能橡胶材料领域的研究思路,应加强橡胶补强填料的开发、补强机理探讨和拓展补强复合材料的表征和检测手段,以满足橡胶行业发展的需求。     

橡胶硫化促进剂的研究进展

作为橡胶加工成形过程中最重要的步骤之一,橡胶硫化直接影响橡胶制品的性能。与单用硫黄相比,少量的促进剂与硫磺配合可以极大地提高硫化速率,改善硫化胶的性能。但目前橡胶硫化促进剂普遍具有潜在的人类健康和环境风险问题,同时硫化促进效能较低、功能单一。因此,开发无毒、无或少氧化锌、高效、多功能的新型硫化促进剂对橡胶工业具有非常重要的意义。本文首先简要介绍了橡胶硫化促进剂的发展历程,然后综述了近年来新型橡胶硫化促进剂的研究进展(包括离子液体促进剂、新型二硫代氨基甲酸盐类促进剂、稀土促进剂、以及含新型副促进剂的硫化并用体系等),并对橡胶硫化促进机理、新型橡胶硫化促进剂的设计进行了展望。     

石油树脂的制备及其在橡胶行业中的应用研究进展

石油树脂具有良好的相容性、增粘性和热稳定性,而且由于其种类的多样性,可满足不同行业尤其是橡胶行业对高分子材料的特殊要求,因此在橡胶行业中得到广泛应用。本文综述了石油树脂的分类、性能特点,重点讨论石油树脂的合成过程中通过引入合适的活性基团改性和加氢改性等手段生产性能优越的改性石油树脂尤其对C5、C9石油树脂的改性及应用进行了详述。对石油树脂在国内外橡胶行业中的应用研究进展进行了简述,并对石油树脂的生产现状及未来发展前景和方向进行了展望。     

杜仲胶改性高聚物的研究进展

介绍了杜仲胶结构、性能特点、来源以及弹性体的应用研究现状。杜仲胶的结构主要是反式1,4聚异戊二烯,为具有结晶性的有序柔性链;具有耐老化性能好、生热低、耐磨及耐疲劳性能好,结晶状态下具有形状记忆功能等性能特点。其来源主要包括天然提取和人工合成。论文综述了杜仲胶改性塑料及杜仲胶改性沥青、极性与非极性橡胶以及制备记忆材料的性能的研究进展,重点阐述了杜仲胶与极性橡胶与非极性橡胶共混研究。同时,展望了杜仲胶在工业领域的应用。     

氯醚橡胶的合成催化剂体系及应用的研究进展

氯醚橡胶的问世较早,由于其具有优异的性能使其迅速的发展,已经在汽车、电子及航空航天等领域得到广泛应用。近几年,其独特的导电性在办公自动化机器上的广泛应用而成为研究热点。本文从氯醚橡胶的分子结构入手,分析了各种类型氯醚橡胶的结构性能与应用状况并简单解释了橡胶导电的机理;综述了氯醚橡胶的研究现状,着重分析比较了合成氯醚橡胶的各种催化体系的组成、特点及研究进展,并在此基础上对氯醚橡胶发展前景进行了展望。     

如何理解橡胶高弹性的特点

橡胶的物理力学性能是极其特殊的,它兼备了固体、液体和气体的某些性质.橡胶高弹性具有可逆弹性形变大、弹性模量(高弹模量)小、高弹模量随温度增加而增加和快速拉伸(绝热过程)橡胶会因放热而升温等特点,而最为特殊的是橡胶高弹性本质上是一种熵弹性.     

自由基聚合反应的新介质——离子液体的新应用

离子液体具有独特的理化性能,作为一种环境友好、"可设计性"的溶剂,近年来成为化学领域的热点和前沿。离子液体作为自由基聚合反应的溶剂,对聚合速率、聚合产物结构及性能都有一定的影响。离子液体已经被较为广泛地应用于不同介质、不同物相中的自由基聚合反应,但是并不完全。近两年来已有研究工作者将离子液体应用于微乳液和气相中的自由基聚合反应,并和其他有机溶剂及水溶液共同调控自由基聚合反应。离子液体也首次应用于有机碲调控的自由基聚合反应和氮氧稳定的自由基聚合反应。同时离子液体也可以调控自由基聚合反应后聚合物的结构和形貌,是一种很好的进行聚合物自组装的溶剂。本文主要综述了近年来离子液体对自由基聚合反应的影响,特别是对聚合产物结构及性能的影响,最后展望了离子液体在聚合反应中的应用前景。     

离子液体的进展——绿色制备及在环境修复中的应用研究

近年来,离子液体由于其独特的性能在实验室和工业领域得到广泛研究,并展示出良好的应用前景.同时,一系列离子液体绿色制备技术被开发设计出来,极大地改变了离子液体的研究面貌.本文综述了离子液体的绿色制备及在环境修复中的应用进展.离子液体的绿色合成主要途径有,原子经济性反应、绿色原材料合成、绿色溶剂合成、化工过程强化技术及计算机辅助设计,表现出合成效率高、产品质量好、废物产生量少、能耗低、合成条件温和等特点.离子液体的绿色制备不仅使离子液体更加丰富多彩,而且使其"从头到脚"成为一种绿色溶剂和绿色功能材料.离子液体在环境修复的典型特点和独特优势表现在:在水体修复方面,具有分离效率高、不产生二次污染、耗材少等特点;在土壤修复中,可以有效削弱污染物质在土壤中的毒性;在大气修复中,在消除污染物的同时,有时可以实现其资源化利用.展望了离子液体在绿色制备和环境修复的未来发展趋势.     

高聚物摩擦点内耗模型及多组份高聚物体系的互溶性与阻尼性能研究

本工作从高聚物粘弹蛇行模型出发,结合Schallamach的橡胶摩擦理论,提出了高聚物摩擦点内耗模型,给阻尼过程以数学描述,阐述了分子链结构与互溶性对阻尼性能的影响。本工作还设计合成了几种液体聚醚的共聚物,用Rheovibron及线膨胀仪研究了它们的互溶性及阻尼性能,并对某些试样的吸振性能进行了实际振动测量和理论计算。     

加成型液体硅橡胶的研究进展

结合加成型液体硅橡胶的硫化原理,综述了加成型液体硅橡胶导热性能、耐高温性能及粘结性能的最新研究进展,发现加入金属氮化物导热填料是提高加成型液体硅橡胶导热性能的有效途径;改善分子结构是提高加成型液体硅橡胶耐高温性能的主要途径;共混粘结促进剂是提高加成型液体硅橡胶粘结性能的重要途径。介绍了加成型液体硅橡胶的最新应用领域,提出功能化加成型液体硅橡胶,如3D个性化打印硅橡胶、人体器官硅橡胶、高折光封装硅橡胶等功能材料是未来加成型液体硅橡胶的发展方向。     

Synthetic Layered Silicate as a Carrier for Liquid Ingredients for the Rubber- and Tire Industry

We propose the use of novel materials based on synthetic calcium silicate hydrate (C S H) for the rubber- and tire industry. We found that the synthetic silicate belongs to the family of layered calcium silicate hydrates. Due to its layered structure and inert surface it easily adsorbs liquid components of rubber compounds, such as bis(triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfide (TESPT) and liquid polysulfide (LP). Then, in processing, the C S H can smoothly release these components. The water, trapped in the material's gallery layers, plays the role of a catalyst in the silane coupling on silica's surface. In addition, we used this silicate as a component in promoter systems in order to improve adhesion stability between a brass-coated steel cord and rubber. The application of the calcium silicate hydrate as an inert substrate for the promoter system allowed the development of materials that have comparable adhesion strength with most commercial promoters.     

Effects of rubber type on the curing and physical properties of silica filled rubber compounds

As environmental regulations are getting stricter, tire industries for automobiles have shown much interest in substituting silica for conventional carbon black partially or entirely. To take full advantage of silica as fillers for rubbers, it is essential to find a reasonable rubber system that shows an excellent performance with silica reinforcement. Therefore, in this study, several different rubber compounds comprising the same amount of silica were prepared with several different rubber systems, respectively. The processability, curing characteristics, and mechanical and viscoelastic properties of the rubber compounds were investigated to analyze the performance of the rubber compounds as tire tread materials. Among the rubber compounds studied, SBR1721 compound comprising natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) with high styrene content was considered the most appropriate for application to tire tread materials. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Real-Time Monitoring of the Mechanical Properties of a Soy Protein and Rubber Polymer during its Production Using Transient Infrared Spectroscopy

Soy protein–based polymers offer promising performance properties, but their characteristics are sensitively dependent on production conditions, so on-line monitoring could help provide the needed control during production. Mid-infrared spectroscopy combined with partial least squares offer the needed analysis, but the opacity of many materials in the mid-infrared range limits its conventional application. Transient infrared spectroscopy is a method of acquiring mid-infrared spectra from moving streams in real time that avoids the opacity problem. We apply transient infrared spectroscopy to a polymer of soy protein and polyisoprene-graft-maleic anhydride–modified natural rubber during its compounding extrusion to measure tensile strength and Young's modulus.     

反式异戊橡胶合金改性溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶轿车胎面胶

研究了反式异戊橡胶合金(TPIR)的结晶性能、加工性能和力学性能及在轿车胎面胶溶聚丁苯橡胶/顺丁橡胶(SSBR/BR)中的应用.研究结果表明,与无定形SSBR和BR相比,TPIR生胶具有常温可结晶性,因此TPIR具有较高的格林强度.毛细管挤出行为研究结果表明,TPIR具有优异的挤出性能,挤出物外观光滑,挤出涨大比小.与SSBR/BR混炼胶相比,用TPIR改性后的SSBR/BR/TPIR混炼胶的格林强度与100%定伸应力随TPIR含量的增加而提高.经150℃硫化反应后制备的SSBR/BR/TPIR硫化胶物理机械性能优异:不仅耐湿滑性能、耐磨耗性能及压缩强度较对比胶提高,其伸张疲劳性能较对比胶提高4倍以上.透射电子显微镜(TEM)及填料分散仪表征结果表明,与SSBR/BR硫化胶相比,SSBR/BR/TPIR硫化胶的填料聚集体平均尺寸降低2μm,填料分散性显著改善.表明TPIR是一种应用于高性能轿车胎面胶的理想胶料.     

硅橡胶复合材料阻燃研究进展

将功能填料引进到硅橡胶及其复合材料中可以获得特定功能的硅橡胶复合材料,已经成为近些年研究热点。目前阻燃剂种类繁多,但是性能比较单一,这已经不能满足人们的需要。人们在关注硅橡胶复合材料阻燃性能的同时,也考虑与其它性能兼备以及成本等问题。因此,本文综述了铂化合物、磷系阻燃剂、阻燃涂层、阻燃填料和微胶囊化阻燃剂等阻燃体系下硅橡胶复合材料的阻燃研究现状,总结了不同阻燃剂的阻燃机理,并且给出了其今后的改进方法,最后对硅橡胶复合材料阻燃研究的发展做了展望。     

Elastification of shore and petroleum bitumen and compositions on their basis

The characteristics of new rubber sealant Elaston based on bitumen, the application of which allows one to replace sealants using expensive liquid rubbers, are given. A new modifier for paving and roofing bitumen is developed that increases the softening temperature of bitumen and decreases its brittleness temperature.     

Cross‐linking and properties of rubber magnetic composites cured with different curing systems

Rubber magnetic composites were prepared by incorporation of strontium ferrite into rubber compounds based on acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber. The sulfur, peroxide, and mixed sulfur/peroxide curing systems were introduced as cross‐linking agents for rubber matrices. The aim was to investigate the influence of curing system composition on curing process and cross‐link density of composite materials. Then, static and dynamic mechanical properties and thermal and magnetic characteristics were investigated in relation to the cross‐link density of rubber magnetic composites and structure of the formed cross‐links. The changes of dynamical and physicomechanical properties were in close correlation with the change of cross‐link density, whereas the tensile strength of magnetic composites showed increasing trend with increasing amount of peroxide in mixed curing systems. On the other hand, thermal conductivity and magnetic characteristics were found not to be dependent on the curing system composition.     

优化产品性能是当前合成橡胶科技发展中的热点

本世纪80年代以来,合成橡胶生产增长速度减慢,唯有乙丙橡胶、热塑性弹性体和羧基胶乳的生产增长较快。合成橡胶科技发展的重点是不断改善原有产品的使用性能,应用和发展70年代以来拥有的各种改性新技术。开发一系列众多的高性能新产品。本文叙述了合成橡胶一些传统品种改进内在质量的主要技术途径,概括阐明了迅速发展中的热塑性弹性体和各种化学、物理改性技术的特征,展望了90年代合成橡胶科技发展的方向。     

Structure-propery relationship of low molecular weight ‘liquid’ polymers in blends of sulfur cured SSBR-rich compounds

In recent years, many patents have been published that are claiming the use of low molecular weight ‘liquid’ polymers in tire tread applications. Herein, tire producers generally introduce improved balances of the tire performances such as wet grip, abrasion resistance and rolling resistance. To understand the influence of the low molecular weight ‘liquid’ polymers in detail, an investigation was carried out to create more clarity about the influence of the structure of these polymers on in-rubber properties and about their interaction with the base polymers and fillers. One basic formulation was selected: A silica filled compound with styrene butadiene copolymer (SSBR), polybutadiene (BR) and natural rubber (NR) that is representing a winter tire tread formulation. Different structures of the low molecular weight ‘liquid’ polymer were added to this compound and compared. Results are discussed for the curing torques and crosslink densities to evaluate the influence on the crosslinking. Payne effect and bound rubber content was measured to evaluate the filler-filler interactions and filler-polymer interactions, respectively. The mechanical properties and dynamic mechanical analysis results deliver finally indications for the expected tire performance.