国外聚乙烯催化工艺研究进展

聚乙烯(PE)以其性优、价廉的优势,成为通用合成树脂中产量最大的品种,主要包括低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)、以及一些具有特殊性能的专用料树脂。催化剂是聚烯烃工业的核心,通过调控活性中心和改善聚合工艺,提高了催化剂活性,完善了所得聚烯烃的性能,推动了聚乙烯工业的蓬勃发展。研发特殊性能或优异性能聚烯烃树脂的催化剂,是目前聚烯烃领域关注的焦点。本文对近年来国外聚乙烯催化剂的研究进展进行了综述,重点阐述了目前研究开发中的催化工艺,涵盖了Ziegler-Natta催化剂、铬催化剂、茂金属催化剂、过渡金属催化剂以及制备双峰或宽峰分布聚烯烃的复合催化剂等;对各类新型催化剂的制备方法和工艺特点进行了总结,同时指明了相关工艺的研发公司,以便国内相关研究部门借鉴。     

高耐压等级聚乙烯管材树脂的研究进展

高耐压等级聚乙烯管材树脂主要用于生产给水管、燃气管及各种工业用管,是一类技术含量较高、市场前景较好的聚乙烯专用树脂。高耐压等级聚乙烯管材树脂多为双峰或多峰结构,采用茂金属催化剂或具有高共聚性能的齐格勒纳塔(Z-N)催化剂双釜或多釜串联聚合生产。本文介绍了高耐压等级聚乙烯管材树脂的分子结构和性能特点,以及制备该类树脂的催化剂和工艺技术,并对国内的相关催化剂及制备技术作了评述。     

MgCl_2负载双金属复合催化剂制备宽分子量分布聚乙烯

聚乙烯的分子量和分子量分布对其熔体的流变性能和产品的力学性能有显著影响．分子量分布的变化,尤其是分子量分布末端部位的变化,都会对材料的注塑行为产生大的影响［１］．为了控制Ｚｉｅｇｌｅｒ催化剂制备的聚乙烯分子量分布而改善聚合工艺的报道很多［２～４］,工业生产中可利用多步聚合工艺来获得宽分子量分布的聚乙烯［５,６］,但这种方法工艺复杂,成本高．美国ＵＣＣ公司利用复合的ＴｉＶ和ＺｒＶ催化剂在气相法Ｕｎｉｐｏｌ工艺装置上首次成功的合成出了双峰高分子量聚乙烯产品［７,８］,由于采用Ｕｎｉｐｏｌ生产工艺…     

乙烯/1-辛烯共聚物的研发和产业化进展

介绍了DOW化学、NOVA化学、DSM(荷兰帝斯曼)和Chevron Phillips等大公司以1-辛烯为共聚单体的聚乙烯生产工艺,主要包括溶液法和气相法工艺进展及各自使用的催化剂。重点介绍了世界各大化学公司生产的包括薄膜、滚塑、注塑等牌号在内的全密度乙烯/1-辛烯共聚聚乙烯产品的性能和应用,阐述了耐热聚乙烯PE-RT管材料和聚乙烯弹性体POE的用途、特点及相关牌号。最后,展望了乙烯/1-辛烯共聚产品的发展方向和前景,并对我国乙烯/1-辛烯共聚产品的现状及研发提出了建议。     

双峰分子量分布聚乙烯的研发进展

聚乙烯是通用合成树脂中应用最广泛的品种,主要用来制造薄膜、电线电缆、注塑品、涂层、纤维、管材等。近年来,我国聚乙烯工业发展迅速,但高品质高附加值的聚乙烯如双峰分子量分布聚乙烯仍无法满足国内不断增长的需求,每年需要大量进口。双峰分子量分布聚乙烯能兼顾材料的加工性能和使用性能,是目前聚烯烃高性能化的一个重要方向。本文介绍了...     

聚烯烃催化剂及聚合物新产品研发进展

综述了已广泛应用于聚烯烃行业中聚乙烯和聚丙烯聚合用催化剂的研究进展,重点介绍了齐格勒-纳塔催化剂、茂金属催化剂、铬系催化剂、后过渡金属催化剂、复合型催化剂等催化剂研究方法及应用领域。全面阐述了齐格勒-纳塔催化剂研究趋势,总结了国内聚烯烃催化剂研究现状及应用情况。同时还论述了不同类型聚乙烯和聚丙烯新产品的聚合工艺及研究现状,重点说明了新产品的结构性能及其应用领域。最后展望了聚烯烃领域的某些可能发展方向。     

乙烯齐聚合成1-己烯催化剂的选择(英文)

详细论述了乙烯齐聚合成1-己烯所用催化剂的作用机理,分析比较了三种催化剂的优缺点,提出了适合以液化天然气和石脑油为原料的三十万吨乙烯装置实际情况的催化体系,并指出了今后乙烯齐聚合成1-己烯催化剂的研究方向。     

聚烯烃合金的研究进展(Ⅰ)——聚合催化剂和聚合工艺技术进展北大核心CSCD

聚烯烃合金以其优异的综合性能,得到了日益广泛的关注和研究。本文从聚合催化剂体系和聚合工艺技术角度出发,系统地综述了聚烯烃催化剂体系的发展历程及聚烯烃合金的制备工艺技术。特别介绍了基于反应器颗粒技术的聚合工艺特点,重点关注了Spheripol工艺、Catalloy工艺、Spherizone工艺等工艺技术。以第四代Ziegler-Natta催化剂为基础的反应器颗粒技术和以复合催化剂为基础的多催化剂反应器颗粒技术是聚烯烃新材料未来的发展方向。     

聚烯烃合金的研究进展(Ⅰ)——聚合催化剂和聚合工艺技术进展

聚烯烃合金以其优异的综合性能,得到了日益广泛的关注和研究。本文从聚合催化剂体系和聚合工艺技术角度出发,系统地综述了聚烯烃催化剂体系的发展历程及聚烯烃合金的制备工艺技术。特别介绍了基于反应器颗粒技术的聚合工艺特点,重点关注了Spheripol工艺、Catalloy工艺、Spherizone工艺等工艺技术。以第四代Ziegler-Natta催化剂为基础的反应器颗粒技术和以复合催化剂为基础的多催化剂反应器颗粒技术是聚烯烃新材料未来的发展方向。     

铜基催化剂LP201在合成气一步法制备二甲醚三相过程中的应用

 目前二甲醚作为一种重要的能源受到广泛关注. 实现生产二甲醚工艺的重点是采用一种廉价的生产流程及研制出性能优异的催化剂. 本文采用普遍好评的三相反应器中合成气一步生产二甲醚的新工艺,并开发出具有优异催化性能的铜基催化剂LP201. 对该催化剂的活性及热稳定性进行了评价,并利用多种手段对催化剂进行了表征,从机理上阐述了该催化剂的优越性.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.     

Synthesis of N-substituted carbazolones from α-iodo enaminones via Pd(0)-catalyzed intramolecular coupling under microwave irradiation

A variety of N-aryl and N-alkyl carbazolones were conveniently achieved in good to high yields via Pd₂(dba)₃-mediated intramolecular coupling of N-substituted α-iodo enaminones under microwave irradiation. The Pd(0)-catalyzed cyclization was found to proceed favorably with the more electron-deficient phenyl ring during the reactions involving unsymmetrical N,N-diaryl α-iodo enaminones. This unique property enables the construction of carbazolone skeleton containing nitro substituted benzenoid ring.     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Synthesis of substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles by intramolecular nitrilimine cycloaddition

Both substituted 2,4,5,6-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyrazoles and 2,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles have been synthesized by the 3+2 intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of nitrilimines to alkynes. This cyclization has been extended to more versatile 3-bromo derivatives by the use of alkynylbromides as dipolarophiles.