胆酸和柠檬酸根共同修饰的银纳米粒子对H_2PO_4~-的比色识别

本文合成胆酸和柠檬酸根共同修饰的银纳米粒子(CA+C-Ag NPs),通过银纳米粒表面的配体胆酸与H_2PO_4~-阴离子之间的络合作用,诱导CA+C-Ag NPs团聚,溶液由黄色变为酒红色,因而该银纳米探针可以选择性识别H_2PO_4~-。该银纳米粒探针检测H_2PO_4~-的线性范围为2×10~(-6)~1×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1),比色检测限为7×10~(-7)mol·L~(-1),具有较高的灵敏度。     

步步种子法制备形态及尺寸可控的花状金纳米粒子

系统研究了以20 nm球形金纳米粒子为种子,抗坏血酸和HAuCl4为生长溶液,利用步步种子法制备花状金纳米粒子的方法。实验结果表明,抗坏血酸可以快速有效地使HAuCl4还原成Au0单体,并在反应溶液中形成小的金纳米粒子;采用步步种子法以抗坏血酸还原HAuCl4,通过球形金纳米种子的核生长过程使种子粒径增大,继而通过二次成核过程使金纳米粒子表面出现突起,最终形成粒径均一可控的花状金纳米粒子结构,通过改变抗坏血酸和种子溶液的加入量可以得到不同粒径及形态的花状金纳米粒子。该粒子由于较大的表面粗糙度和分支上的特殊电磁场效应,从而在表面增强荧光光谱中表现出良好的增强效果。     

步步种子法制备形态及尺寸可控的花状金纳米粒子

系统研究了以20 nm球形金纳米粒子为种子,抗坏血酸和HAuCl4为生长溶液,利用步步种子法制备花状金纳米粒子的方法。实验结果表明,抗坏血酸可以快速有效地使HAuCl4还原成Au0单体,并在反应溶液中形成小的金纳米粒子;采用步步种子法以抗坏血酸还原HAuCl4,通过球形金纳米种子的核生长过程使种子粒径增大,继而通过二次成核过程使金纳米粒子表面出现突起,最终形成粒径均一可控的花状金纳米粒子结构,通过改变抗坏血酸和种子溶液的加入量可以得到不同粒径及形态的花状金纳米粒子。该粒子由于较大的表面粗糙度和分支上的特殊电磁场效应,从而在表面增强荧光光谱中表现出良好的增强效果。     

用双还原法制备三角形银纳米片及其光学性能

在硼氢化钠和柠檬酸三钠共存的体系中还原硝酸银, 以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为表面活性剂和保护剂, 水浴加热制备得到三角形银纳米片, 用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱、表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)光谱对其进行了表征. 结果表明: 三角形银纳米片产物为立方相金属银, 边长为(100±40) nm, 厚度为(10±5) nm; 产物表现出与球形银纳米粒子完全不同的吸收光谱; 柠檬酸根在银晶核不同晶面的选择吸附、PVP的包覆作用及Ag(111)晶面的层错对产物的形成起决定作用; 与球形纳米颗粒相比, 三角形银纳米片膜对吡啶(Py)分子有显著的SERS活性.     

多核核壳结构银胶粒的制备及其抑菌特性

银纳米粒子具有广谱抗菌性,但自身由于具有较高的表面能容易发生团聚.本文以聚醚胺为还原剂和稳定剂,利用光化学还原法,合成了聚乙二醇包覆的银纳米粒子.通过透射电子显微镜分析表明该胶体粒子具有多核核壳结构,聚乙二醇包裹的银纳米颗粒粒径在14 nm左右,整个胶体粒子粒径在45 nm左右.抑菌实验结果表明这种银纳米胶体对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑菌效果.     

基于β-环糊精单分散银纳米粒子的绿色合成

以硝酸银为原料,β-环糊精为还原剂和保护剂,一步法合成了粒径为10~30 nm的单分散银纳米粒子,其结构经UV-Vis,FT-IR,XRD和TEM表征。研究了pH、反应温度和γ[n(1)∶n(AgNO_3)]对反应的影响,并提出了银纳米粒子的形成机制。     

蜂窝状Ag纳米颗粒膜制备及应用于表面增强拉曼散射基底

通过静态呼吸图法制备了具有高度有序微结构的聚苯乙烯-嵌段-聚4-乙烯吡啶共聚物(PS-b-P4VP)膜。以该嵌段共聚物膜为模板,可制得金属纳米粒子阵列。借助光化学还原途径制得了具有蜂窝状微结构的Ag纳米颗粒膜。以罗丹明6G(R6G)为探针分子,考察了蜂窝状Ag纳米颗粒膜用作表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)基底的性能。蜂窝状Ag纳米颗粒膜对R6G分子的表面拉曼散射增强因子高达1.31×10~9。另外,该SERS基底还显示了较低的检测限,检测限低至10~(-10)mol·L~(-1)。拉曼信号面扫显示了基底很好的信号均匀性。在此SERS基底上30μm×30μm范围内随机收集的120个拉曼信号强度的相对标准偏差仅为～12%。     

不同Pt壳厚度Au_(core)@Pt_(shell)纳米粒子SERS效应

以Au粒子(55nm)为核,抗坏血酸为还原剂,将不同量的Pt沉积在Au核上,制得可控壳层厚度(0.3～6nm)的Pt包Au纳米粒子(Aucore@Ptshell).用紫外-可见吸收光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和电化学循环伏安法等观测Aucore@Ptshell纳米粒子的表面形貌、结构和性能.另以SCN-为探针,考察了Pt壳厚度对Aucore@Ptshell纳米粒子SERS信号的影响.结果表明,SCN-离子的SERS信号强度随Pt壳厚度的增加呈指数衰减,当Pt壳厚度为1.4nm时,Aucore@Ptshel纳米粒子表现出铂良好的电化学性能,又具有较强的SERS活性.     

儿茶素-银纳米复合材料的制备及其应用

探索了以植物活性成分儿茶素作为还原剂和保护剂一步水热法合成儿茶素-银纳米复合材料,并进一步测试了纳米复合材料的抑菌活性。 紫外可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和红外光谱(FTIR)测定证明制备得到了儿茶素包裹的银纳米粒子。 透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)结果显示银纳米粒子的平均粒径为22.7 nm,并具有面心立方晶体结构。 抑菌活性实验结果表明,儿茶素-银纳米复合粒子对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及白色念球菌都有很强抑制作用,尤其对白色念球菌的抑制作用最强,其最低抑制浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为19.63和39.26 μg/mL。 儿茶素-银纳米粒子强抑菌活性可归因于其表面银离子的持续释放,有望应用于长效抑菌制剂产品。     

纳米银修饰的超疏水界面用于农药的超灵敏检测

采用化学还原法,在具有不同微观结构的规整的不锈钢网和聚纤维素酯薄膜表面合成了银纳米颗粒.利用氟化试剂对复合界面进行处理,形成超疏水性能的界面,能有效地浓缩目标分子.以罗丹明6G(R 6G)为分析物,纳米银修饰聚纤维素酯薄膜为基底,采用表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)分析了氟化处理前后基底对目标分子的检测能力.实验结果表明,具有超疏水性能的复合基底对R 6G分子的检出限为1 ×10-16 mol/L.以纳米银修饰的不锈钢网和聚纤维素酯两种复合材料为基底,对常用杀虫剂敌百虫的检出限分别为1×10-15 mol/L和1×10-16 mol/L.     

New copper-containing catalysts based on modified amorphous silica and their use in flow azide—alkyne cycloaddition

Сopper-containing catalysts supported on amorphous silica modified by amines were prepared using the chemical reduction method. The morphology of copper particles and their chemi calstate depend on the type of the reducing agent used. The use of ascorbic acid results in the formation of monodisperse submicron Cu⁰ particles 200—300 nm in size, whereas Cu⁰ particles with a size ranging from 50 to 150 nm are formed when hydrazine hydrate was used. The morphology and chemical state of the copper particles reduced with sodium borohydride depend substantially on the amount of the reducing agent: Cu⁰ nanoparticles 10—15 nm in size are formed if the reducing agent is an excess, layered Cu₂O plates are formed at the equimolar amount of sodium borohydride, and a decrease in the amount of sodium borohydride results in spherical Cu₂O particles. All the catalysts synthesized in the flow regime showed higher activity in the catalytic cycloaddition of azides to alkynes than the commercially available copper catalysts.     

Preparation of Monodispersed Copper Nanoparticles by an Environmentally Friendly Chemical Reduction

In this paper, highly dispersive nanosized copper particles with a mean particle size of less than 6 nm are prepared by an environmentally friendly chemical reduction method. Non-toxic L-ascorbic acid acts as both reducing agent and antioxidant in ethylene glycol in the absence of any other capping agent. Transmission electron microscopy （TEM） is used to characterize the size and morphology of Cu nanoparticles. The results of UV-Vis spectroscopy （UV-Vis）, energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS） and high resolution TEM （HRTEM） illustrate that the resultant product is pure Cu nanocrystals. The size of Cu nanoparticles is remarkably impacted by the order of reagent addition, and the investigation reveals the reaction procedure of Cu^2＋ ions and L-ascorbic acid.     

Synthesis and characterisation of silver nanoparticles in viscous solvents and its transfer into non-polar solvents

Room temperature synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been successfully achieved by adding NaOH acting as an accelerator for the reduction of silver ions in ethylene glycol and glycerol without adding any external reducing agent. Highly monodisperse silver particles are obtained in the presence of various stabilisers such as PVP, SiO₂ and SDS. Nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 25 nm and a mean deviation of 2 nm could be obtained under experimental conditions. The silver nanoparticles so obtained could be easily transferred to chloroform containing CTAB, giving rise to CTAB stabilised silver nanoparticles having sizes of around 25 nm. The newly found role of OH⁻ stabilisation was used to formulate a mechanism for the formation of silver nanoparticles in ethylene glycol and glycerol. In this mechanism, silver nanoparticles are stabilised in ethylene glycol by the adsorbed OH⁻ ions.     

Biomimetic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by Citrus limon (lemon) aqueous extract and theoretical prediction of particle size

In the present study, silver nanoparticles were rapidly synthesized at room temperature by treating silver ions with the Citrus limon (lemon) extract. The effect of various process parameters like the reductant concentration, mixing ratio of the reactants and the concentration of silver nitrate were studied in detail. In the standardized process, 10^?2 M silver nitrate solution was interacted for 4 h with lemon juice (2% citric acid concentration and 0.5% ascorbic acid concentration) in the ratio of 1:4 (vol:vol). The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by Surface Plasmon Resonance as determined by UV–Visible spectra in the range of 400–500 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the distinctive facets (1 1 1, 2 0 0, 2 2 0, 2 2 2 and 3 1 1 planes) of silver nanoparticles. We found that citric acid was the principal reducing agent for the nanosynthesis process. FT-IR spectral studies demonstrated citric acid as the probable stabilizing agent. Silver nanoparticles below 50 nm with spherical and spheroidal shape were observed from transmission electron microscopy. The correlation between absorption maxima and particle sizes were derived for different UV–Visible absorption maxima (corresponding to different citric acid concentrations) employing “MiePlot v. 3.4”. The theoretical particle size corresponding to 2% citric acid concentration was compared to those obtained by various experimental techniques like X-ray diffraction analysis, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.     

Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Ascorbic Acid

Abstract

Colourless silver-gelatin complex is quantitatively reduced by ascorbic acid to yellow silver sol in water within the pH range 7.5–10.0 at room temperature. The determination of 1–10μg/ml of ascorbic acid is possible at 415 nm in the presence of glycine, alanine, fructose, sucrose, citric, tartaric, oxalic, malic, succinic acids and also in the presence of various reducing agents. The molar absorptivity of ascorbic acid at the δ_max is found to be 21500 lit mol^?1 cm^?1 and the Sandell sensitivity of the sol is 8.18x10^?3 μg ascorbic acid cm^?2 for 0.001 absorbance. The relative standard deviation is ±0.22% and the confidence limit (20 determinations, 95%) being 8.806±0.0093%.     

Lyotropic liquid crystal-assisted synthesis of micro- and nanoparticles of silver

A simple, one-step approach for the synthesis of micro- and nanoparticles of silver by employing a lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) template is described. Anisotropic silver particles are synthesised by reducing an appropriate amount of precursor silver nitrate using a mild reducing agent ascorbic acid in presence of a hexagonal LLC medium, without the aid of any external stabilising agents. In this synthesis, precursor concentration, type of the reducing agent and LLC phase are found to significantly influence the particle size and morphology. Either a decrease in the concentration of silver nitrate or a change in the reducing agent, from ascorbic acid to sodium borohydride in the same reaction medium, yielded quasi-spherical nanoparticles. Besides, replacing the hexagonal LLC medium with a lamellar phase during the synthesis using ascorbic acid also resulted in the formation of spherical particles in nanometre scale. As a comparison, gold nanoparticle synthesis is carried out in hexagonal and lamellar LLC phases. Similar to the observations made in the silver particle synthesis, branched anisotropic particles are formed in the hexagonal phase and quasi-spherical particles are produced in the lamellar phase. A possible growth mechanism for the formation of these particles based on the phase structure of the LLC medium is discussed.     

PVP and G1.5 PAMAM dendrimer co-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles

PVP and G1.5 PAMAM dendrimer co-mediated silver nanoparticles of smaller than 5 nm in diameter were prepared using H₂ as reducing agent. With the TEM micrograph, it was found that the molar ratios of PVP and G1.5 PAMAM dendrimer have significant effect in the morphology and size distribution of silver nanoparticles. The reaction rate (fitting a first-order equation) was strongly influenced by the molar ratios of PVP and G1.5 PAMAM dendrimer and the reaction temperature. From the UV-Vis spectra of an aqueous solution of silver nanoparticles, they could be stored for at least 2 months without coagulation at room temperature.     

Preparation of Disperse Silver Particles by Chemical Reduction

Mastery over the microscopic shape and size of a nanoparticle enables accurate control of its properties for some strict application. The mechanism of shape-controlled synthesis was discussed by investigating the formation of silver nanospheres prepared by chemical reduction method using Ag(NH₃)₂⁺ as metal source, ascorbic acid as reducing agent and polyvinylpyrrolidone (K-30) as dispersant. The effects of temperature, PVP/AgNO₃ mass ratio, pH value and the interaction between PVP and silver on the shape and particle size were studied by XRD and SEM. The results show that the morphology of silver particles could transform from branched to spherical and the particle size gradually decrease with the increase of PVP/AgNO₃ mass ratio. The particles size can also be significantly influenced by pH value and temperature. The key point for preparing high dispersity spherical silver powder is that the growth rate of each plane of the particle must be uniform and synchronous. Silver powders with spherical particles with mean size of 0.2 μm were synthesized under the optimum conditions (PVP/AgNO₃ mass ratio 0.6, pH 7, reaction temperature of 40°C).     

Preparation and characterization of stable monodisperse silver nanoparticles via photoreduction

Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by UV irradiation of [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ aqueous solution using poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed from the appearance of surface plasmon absorption maxima around 420 nm. It was found that the formation rate of silver nanoparticles from Ag₂O was much quicker than that from AgNO₃, and the absorption intensity increased with PVP concentration as well as irradiation time. The maximum absorption wavelength (λ_max) was blue shift with increasing PVP content until 8 times concentration of [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ (wt%). The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed the resultant particles were 4–6 nm in size, monodisperse and uniform particle size distribution. X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that the colloidal nanoparticles were the pure silver. In addition, the silver nanoparticles prepared by the method were stable in aqueous solution over a period of 6 months at room temperature (25 °C).     

Synthesis of lanthanum fluoride nanocrystals and modification of their surface

The LaF₃ nanoparticles were synthesized in the presence of citric acid and glycine. The products were characterized by X-ray phase analysis, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and infrared spectroscopy. In the presence of organic acids the synthesis was shown to result in a decrease in size of the formed particles. The IR spectroscopic studies revealed that citric acid and glycine acted as modifiers of the surface of LaF₃ particles forming a chemical bond with the surface ions La³⁺. A suggestion was advanced on the structure of the grafted surface layer. The features of the colloidal behavior of the systems were investigated.