电化学共聚邻甲基苯胺和邻氨基苯甲酸的在线紫外-可见光谱的研究

在0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄水溶液中, 以氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃为工作电极, 用恒电位电解的方法, 在0.9 V电位下电化学共聚邻甲基苯胺(OT)和邻氨基苯甲酸(AA). 涉及的电化学聚合均用在线紫外-可见光谱进行跟踪, 结果表明电化学共聚随着反应体系中邻氨基苯甲酸的浓度的增加而变慢; 所得的均聚物和共聚物均用FTIR和扫描电镜表征. FTIR表明邻甲基苯胺和邻氨基苯甲酸之间发生了共聚; 扫描电镜图表明, 与聚邻甲基苯胺相比, 从200 mmol/L OT/50 mmol/L AA和150 mmol/L OT/50 mmol/L AA反应体系得到的共聚物具有小颗粒和较为致密的表面形貌; 这个现象也帮助证明了邻氨基苯甲酸应该与邻甲基苯胺发生了共聚, 并使表面形貌发生了改变.     

间甲基苯胺电化学聚合以及它与对苯二胺电化学共聚的 原位紫外-可见光谱

在0.5 mol•dm－3硫酸介质中, 循环伏安法电解间甲苯胺的原位紫外可见光谱图表明聚间甲基苯胺产生在氧化铟锡导电玻璃电极表面上. 在恒电位条件下, 用原位紫外-可见光谱较详细地研究了间甲基苯胺在氧化铟锡(ITO)上的电化学聚合. 结果表明间甲基苯胺只能在较高电解电位和单体浓度足够大的条件下才能发生电化学聚合. 在0.7 V(相对于饱和的Ag/AgCl), 0.2 mol•dm－3的间甲基苯胺和0.9 V, 20 mmol•dm－3的间甲基苯的实验条件下, 尽管在ITO电极上没有发生电化学均聚合, 但原位紫外-可见光谱表明在电极表面上可能还形成低分子量的齐聚物. 在低电位0.8 V下, 电化学聚合200 mmol•dm－3间甲苯胺时, 有明显的诱导期存在. 在恒电位电解的条件下, 相应的原位紫外-可见光谱和聚合物的傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)表明间甲基苯胺和对苯二胺能发生电化学共聚反应, 由于对苯二胺可能与间甲基苯胺形成了具有较强反应活性的中间体, 使得对苯二胺的加入不但促进和加速了聚合反应, 而且还结合进聚合物中形成了phenazine或类似于phenazine的环结构.     

电聚合苯胺过程的在线紫外-可见光谱

用在线紫外-可见光谱电化学的方法对0.5mol/L硫酸水溶液中苯胺在ITO导电玻璃电极上的电化学聚的过程进行了研究.结果表明在循环伏安条件下苯胺发生了电聚合,聚合速率与苯胺浓度成正关系;而且在线紫外-可见电化学光谱表明,在0.01mol/L苯胺溶液的电聚合过程的诱导期较长.恒电位条件下的在线紫外-可见电化学光谱显示苯胺浓度为0.05mol/L,电位为0.8V时,在ITO电极上苯胺低聚合物中间体可能产生于聚苯胺形成之前;而0.01mol/L苯胺在0.8V电位下不发生聚合,但在线紫外-可见光谱又显示此时在电极上可能存在小的苯胺低聚物的中间体;在线紫外-可见光谱表明这种中间体是可能产生并存在电极表面上的.     

阴离子对邻甲基苯胺化学聚合的影响

苯胺在酸性溶液中经化学和电化学氧化所得聚合物有良好的导电性和很高的稳定性。由于导电高聚物的不溶和不熔,使许多研究工作难以深入,实际应用也受到限制,在导电高聚物方面存在的这些实际问题促使了对可溶性导电高聚物合成的研究。通过化学法合成可溶性聚(o-,m-)甲苯胺的研究结果表明,甲基在苯环上的位置对聚苯胺衍生物的电导率、溶解性等都有较明显的影响。最近,通过电化学聚合合成了聚邻甲基苯胺。     

在线紫外-可见光谱研究ITO导电玻璃电极上苯胺与对苯二胺的电化学共聚及其产物的表征

本文用在线紫外-可见光谱电化学的方法较详细地研究了在0.5M硫酸水溶液中苯胺、对苯二胺以及苯胺与对苯二胺混合体系在ITO导电玻璃电极上的电化学聚合和共聚合的过程。苯胺与对苯二胺在ITO导电玻璃上发生了电化学共聚合,在0.5M硫酸水溶液的纯苯胺和苯胺与对苯二胺共聚时的循环伏安曲线以及其对应的在线紫外-可见光谱表明对苯二胺的加入除了发生共聚外,也使聚合的速率明显加快;而且纯苯胺在循环伏安电化学聚合时在430nm处出现的吸收带因对苯二胺的加入而消失,说明对苯二胺的加入使聚合的机理与纯苯胺的聚合机理有明显不同,主要原因是苯胺产生的反应中间体可能很快与对苯二胺的阳离子自由基反应聚合。在导电玻璃ITO上的聚合物膜的反射傅立叶红外光谱表明,对苯二胺的加入可能产生了具有1,2取代模式结构,这说明了对苯二胺结合进入到聚合物中。这种共聚使得产物的表面形貌也发生了变化,聚合物扫描电镜图表明对笨二胺的加入有利于纤维状的表面形貌产生,纤维的直径可达到50nm粗细;同时用在线紫外-可见光谱研究了纯聚苯胺和共聚物随电位变化的电变色性质,结果表明在0v-0.6v之间共聚物与纯聚苯胺的在线紫外-可见光谱有明显的不同,且共聚物的电变色可逆性比纯聚苯胺好;同时SEM图也表明在0.8v电位下聚苯胺和共聚物表面形貌发生了团聚。     

气相色谱法分析生产过程中的邻甲基苯胺

气相色谱法测定工业生产过程中邻甲基苯胺及其杂质邻硝基甲苯、间甲基苯胺、对甲基苯胺的含量。4种物质的浓度与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,测定结果与标准值基本一致。邻甲基苯胺、邻硝基甲苯、间甲基苯胺、对甲基苯胺的RSD分别为0.0025%、1.4081%、0.9929%、1.1365%,检出限分别为0.065、0.044、0.062、0.056mg/L。     

铂/聚邻甲基苯胺/碳材料掺杂碳糊电极对甲醇的催化氧化

以石墨和液体石蜡油为主要原料,分别制备了掺杂不同量多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)、石墨烯(GRA)、电容活性炭(YEC)和电池活性炭(YBC)的多种碳糊底电极Y-CPE(Y代表各种掺杂碳材料,CPE代表纯碳糊电极).采用恒电位法在-0.10 V(vs.Ag/Ag Cl)电位下将铂电沉积到这些电极上.结果表明,当电池碳的含量为14%时,Pt/YBC-CPE(14%)复合电极对甲醇具有最好的电催化氧化活性.采用恒电位方法在0.85 V(vs.Ag/Ag Cl)电位下将聚邻甲基苯胺(POT)电聚合沉积到纯碳糊电极CPE和含有电池碳的YBC-CPE(14%)电极上,得到复合电极POT/CPE和POT/YBC-CPE(14%),再通过恒电位方法将铂电沉积到这2个复合电极上.扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果表明,在Pt/CPE,Pt/YBC-CPE(14%),Pt/POT(6.5 mC)/CPE和Pt/POT(6.5 mC)/YBC-CPE(14%)4个复合电极中,在Pt/POT/YBC-CPE(14%)复合电极上的铂粒子的尺寸最小,并且Pt/POT(6.5 mC)/YBC-CPE(14%)复合电极电催化氧化甲醇活性最高.在POT(6.5 mC)/CPE和POT(6.5 mC)/YBC-CPE(14%)上Pt纳米颗粒的电沉积过程是一个近似的3D成核过程.研究还发现,复合电极Pt/POT/CPE和Pt/POT/YBC-CPE电催化氧化甲醇的活性随POT膜厚度的增加先增大后减少,存在一个最佳的膜厚度.     

2,5-二疏基-1,3,4-噻二唑/聚邻甲基苯胺复合电极的电化学性能

有机二硫化合物;二疏基噻二唑;锂电池;2;5-二疏基-1;3;4-噻二唑/聚邻甲基苯胺复合电极的电化学性能     

影响苯胺电化学计量聚合因素的探讨

本文对影响苯胺电化学计量聚合的因素进行了探讨，这些因素包括：电化学聚合方法、电极电位（Ｅ）、电流密度（Ｉ），以及苯胺单体和酸溶液的浓度等，实验结果表明，最合适的聚合方法为恒电流法，其条件为：电极电位不大于０．７０Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ）聚合电流密度（Ｉ）约为０．０５ｍＡ／ｃｍ＾２，苯胺单体浓度为１．１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，酸（ＨＣｌ）的浓度则为２．２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ     

导电聚间甲基苯胺空心微球的制备及表征

在无任何掺杂酸的条件下,以过硫酸铵(APS)既为氧化剂、又为掺杂剂,采用无模板(template-free)自组装的方法制备了导电聚间甲基苯胺(PMT)空心微球.该空心微球的平均直径约为2μm,壳的厚度约为140nm.研究表明PMT空心微球是以球状的间甲苯胺胶束为软模板(soft-template)经过自组装过程而形成的.借助FTIR、UV-Vis和XRD等结构表征证实自组装的空心微球为导电态的聚间甲基苯胺.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

A carbanion induced synthesis of highly congested pyrazole and imidazole containing heterocycles

An efficient approach to the synthesis of highly congested di, penta and hexacyclic pyrazoles as well as imidazole fragment containing novel heterocyclic molecule has been developed through a carbanion induced transformation of suitably functionalized 2H-pyran-2-ones, benzo[h]chromene and thiochromeno[4,3-b]pyrans. Due to the presence of fluorescence, we report their prime application metal sensor as off/on switching in ferric ions.     

Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles by Curtius reaction in Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives

Synthesis of substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines and pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles from the Morita-Baylis-Hillman derivatives of acrylates via saponification followed by Curtius reaction is described.     

正丁胺对激光染料荧光谱影响的研究

用正丁胺作为碳源,采用射频辉光放电制备碳膜,选用激光染料R6G和聚乙二醇混合液作为蒸气源,采用单源热蒸发,在蒸发室与染料同时沉积得到混合膜,用拉曼光谱和红外光谱分析了碳膜的结构和键合方式,分析表明:碳膜中存在胺基团和氢原子.混合膜的荧光谱测量结果表明,认为正丁胺对染料荧光谱的影响是因为胺基和氢原子的存在.     

Selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo- and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines via modified Pictet–Spengler reaction

An efficient tandem approach for the selective synthesis of 4,5-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 6a–g and imidazo[1,5-a]quinoxalines 7a–h by the reaction of 2-imidazolyl anilines 4a–c with aryl aldehydes 5a–k under mild reaction conditions is described. Introduction of electron releasing alkyl groups in substrates 4a–b was found to be instrumental for the success of the reaction.     

Understanding the Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-azaborine analogues

The Diels-Alder reactivity of 1,2-heteroborines (H₄C₄B(H)X, X?=?NH, PH, AsH; O, S, Se) has been computationally explored by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The influence of the HB?=?X fragment on the reactivity of the system has been quantitatively analyzed in detail by means of the so-called Activation Strain Model (ASM) of reactivity. It is found that the interaction between these species and the dienophile is significantly stronger than that computed for their all-carbon isoelectronic counterpart, benzene. In addition, the strain energy plays a key role in the observed reactivity trends. The role of the aromaticity strength of these heteroarenes on the reactivity is also assessed.